A single 200-mg oral dose of micronized progesterone has been found to result in peak levels of 20α-DHP of around 1 ng/mL after 2 hours.[15] In another study however, peak levels of 20α-DHP were around 10 ng/mL during therapy with 300 mg/day oral micronized progesterone.[16] 20α-DHP is formed from progesterone in the
liver and in target tissues such as the
endometrium.[16] It appears to be more slowly eliminated than progesterone.[16]
^
abBeranič N, Gobec S, Rižner TL (2011). "Progestins as inhibitors of the human 20-ketosteroid reductases, AKR1C1 and AKR1C3". Chem. Biol. Interact. 191 (1–3): 227–33.
doi:
10.1016/j.cbi.2010.12.012.
PMID21182831.
^Byrns MC (January 2014). "Regulation of progesterone signaling during pregnancy: implications for the use of progestins for the prevention of preterm birth". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 139: 173–81.
doi:
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.015.
PMID23410596.
S2CID23414730.
^Bertram G. Katzung (30 November 2017).
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 14th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 728.
ISBN978-1-259-64116-9. In addition to progesterone, 20α- and 20β-hydroxyprogesterone (20α- and 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one) also are found. These compounds have about one-fifth the progestational activity of progesterone in humans and other species.
^Ogle TF, Beyer BK (February 1982). "Steroid-binding specificity of the progesterone receptor from rat placenta". J. Steroid Biochem. 16 (2): 147–50.
doi:
10.1016/0022-4731(82)90160-1.
PMID7078152.
^Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G (2008). "The anti-aromatase effect of progesterone and of its natural metabolites 20alpha- and 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone in the MCF-7aro breast cancer cell line". Anticancer Res. 28 (4B): 2129–33.
PMID18751385.
^Sitruk-Ware R, Bricaire C, De Lignieres B, Yaneva H, Mauvais-Jarvis P (October 1987). "Oral micronized progesterone. Bioavailability pharmacokinetics, pharmacological and therapeutic implications--a review". Contraception. 36 (4): 373–402.
doi:
10.1016/0010-7824(87)90088-6.
PMID3327648.
^
abcPadwick ML, Endacott J, Matson C, Whitehead MI (September 1986). "Absorption and metabolism of oral progesterone when administered twice daily". Fertil. Steril. 46 (3): 402–7.
doi:
10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49576-2.
PMID3743792.