Ionotropic
GABAA Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
Positive modulators (abridged; see
here for a full list):
α-EMTBL
Alcohols (e.g.,
drinking alcohol ,
2M2B )
Anabolic steroids
Avermectins (e.g.,
ivermectin )
Barbiturates (e.g.,
phenobarbital )
Benzodiazepines (e.g.,
diazepam )
Bromide compounds (e.g.,
potassium bromide )
Carbamates (e.g.,
meprobamate )
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
Dihydroergolines (e.g.,
ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) )
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g.,
mefenamic acid )
Flavonoids (e.g.,
apigenin ,
hispidulin )
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Imidazoles (e.g.,
etomidate )
Kava constituents (e.g.,
kavain )
Lanthanum
Loreclezole
Monastrol
Neuroactive steroids (e.g.,
allopregnanolone ,
cholesterol ,
THDOC )
Niacin
Niacinamide
Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g.,
β-carbolines (e.g.,
abecarnil ),
cyclopyrrolones (e.g.,
zopiclone ),
imidazopyridines (e.g.,
zolpidem ),
pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g.,
zaleplon ))
Norfluoxetine
Petrichloral
Phenols (e.g.,
propofol )
Phenytoin
Piperidinediones (e.g.,
glutethimide )
Propanidid
Pyrazolopyridines (e.g.,
etazolate )
Quinazolinones (e.g.,
methaqualone )
Retigabine (ezogabine)
ROD-188
Skullcap constituents (e.g.,
baicalin )
Stiripentol
Sulfonylalkanes (e.g.,
sulfonmethane (sulfonal) )
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g.,
valerenic acid )
Volatiles /
gases (e.g.,
chloral hydrate ,
chloroform ,
diethyl ether ,
paraldehyde ,
sevoflurane )
Negative modulators:
1,3M1B
3M2B
11-Ketoprogesterone
17-Phenylandrostenol
α3IA
α5IA (LS-193,268)
β-CCB
β-CCE
β-CCM
β-CCP
β-EMGBL
Anabolic steroids
Amiloride
Anisatin
β-Lactams (e.g.,
penicillins ,
cephalosporins ,
carbapenems )
Basmisanil
Bemegride
Bicyclic phosphates (
TBPS ,
TBPO ,
IPTBO )
BIDN
Bilobalide
Bupropion
CHEB
Chlorophenylsilatrane
Cicutoxin
Cloflubicyne
Cyclothiazide
DHEA
DHEA-S
Dieldrin
(+)-DMBB
DMCM
DMPC
EBOB
Etbicyphat
FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
Fiproles (e.g.,
fipronil )
Flavonoids (e.g.,
amentoflavone ,
oroxylin A )
Flumazenil
Fluoroquinolones (e.g.,
ciprofloxacin )
Flurothyl
Furosemide
Golexanolone
Iomazenil (123 I)
IPTBO
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
L-655,708
Laudanosine
Lindane
MaxiPost
Morphine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
MRK-016
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nicardipine
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g.,
apalutamide ,
bicalutamide ,
enzalutamide ,
flutamide ,
nilutamide )
Oenanthotoxin
Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
Phenylsilatrane
Picrotoxin (i.e.,
picrotin ,
picrotoxinin and
dihydropicrotoxinin )
Pregnenolone sulfate
Propybicyphat
PWZ-029
Radequinil
Ro 15-4513
Ro 19-4603
RO4882224
RO4938581
Sarmazenil
SCS
Suritozole
TB-21007
TBOB
TBPS
TCS-1105
Terbequinil
TETS
Thujone
U-93631
Zinc
ZK-93426
GABAA -ρ Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
Metabotropic
GABAB Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
Receptor (
ligands )
GlyR Tooltip Glycine receptor
Positive modulators:
Alcohols (e.g.,
brometone ,
chlorobutanol (chloretone) ,
ethanol (alcohol) ,
tert -butanol (2M2P) ,
tribromoethanol ,
trichloroethanol ,
trifluoroethanol )
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g.,
pentobarbital ,
sodium thiopental )
Chlormethiazole
D12-116
Dihydropyridines (e.g.,
nicardipine )
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g.,
ginsenosides (e.g.,
ginsenoside-Rf ))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g.,
alfaxolone ,
pregnenolone (eltanolone) ,
pregnenolone acetate ,
minaxolone ,
ORG-20599 )
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
Tropeines (e.g.,
atropine ,
bemesetron ,
cocaine ,
LY-278584 ,
tropisetron ,
zatosetron )
Volatiles /
gases (e.g.,
chloral hydrate ,
chloroform ,
desflurane ,
diethyl ether (ether) ,
enflurane ,
halothane ,
isoflurane ,
methoxyflurane ,
sevoflurane ,
toluene ,
trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) ,
trichloroethylene )
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists:
2-Aminostrychnine
2-Nitrostrychnine
4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
αEMBTL
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Dendrobine
Diaboline
Endocannabinoids (e.g.,
2-AG ,
anandamide (AEA) )
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
iso-THAZ
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Isostrychnine
Laudanosine
N-Methylbicuculline
N-Methylstrychnine
N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Pseudostrychnine
Quinolines (e.g.,
4-hydroxyquinoline ,
4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ,
5,7-CIQA ,
7-CIQ ,
7-TFQ ,
7-TFQA )
RU-5135
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators:
Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g.,
bromazepam ,
clonazepam ,
diazepam ,
flunitrazepam ,
flurazepam )
Corymine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g.,
nicardipine ,
nifedipine ,
nitrendipine )
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g.,
bilobalide ,
ginkgolides (e.g.,
ginkgolide A ,
ginkgolide B ,
ginkgolide C ,
ginkgolide J ,
ginkgolide M ))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g.,
3α-androsterone sulfate ,
3β-androsterone sulfate ,
deoxycorticosterone ,
DHEA sulfate ,
pregnenolone sulfate ,
progesterone )
Opioids (e.g.,
codeine ,
dextromethorphan ,
dextrorphan ,
levomethadone ,
levorphanol ,
morphine ,
oripavine ,
pethidine ,
thebaine )
Picrotoxin (i.e.,
picrotin and
picrotoxinin )
PMBA
Riluzole
Tropeines (e.g.,
bemesetron ,
LY-278584 ,
tropisetron ,
zatosetron )
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
Transporter (
blockers )
GlyT1 Tooltip Glycine transporter 1
GlyT2 Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
AMPAR Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
KAR Tooltip Kainate receptor
NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
TRPA
Activators
4-Hydroxynonenal
4-Oxo-2-nonenal
4,5-EET
12S-HpETE
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2
α-Sanshool (
ginger ,
Sichuan and
melegueta peppers )
Acrolein
Allicin (
garlic )
Allyl isothiocyanate (
mustard ,
radish ,
horseradish ,
wasabi )
AM404
ASP-7663
Bradykinin
Cannabichromene (
cannabis )
Cannabidiol (
cannabis )
Cannabigerol (
cannabis )
Cinnamaldehyde (
cinnamon )
CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
Cuminaldehyde (
cumin )
Curcumin (
turmeric )
Dehydroligustilide (
celery )
Diallyl disulfide
Dicentrine (
Lindera spp.)
Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
Formalin
Gingerols (
ginger )
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Hydrogen peroxide
Icilin
Isothiocyanate
JT-010
Ligustilide (
celery ,
Angelica acutiloba )
Linalool (
Sichuan pepper ,
thyme )
Methylglyoxal
Methyl salicylate (
wintergreen )
N-Methylmaleimide
Nicotine (
tobacco )
Oleocanthal (
olive oil )
Paclitaxel (
Pacific yew )
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
PF-4840154
Phenacyl chloride
Polygodial (
Dorrigo pepper )
Shogaols (
ginger ,
Sichuan and
melegueta peppers )
Tear gases
Tetrahydrocannabinol (
cannabis )
Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
Thiopropanal S-oxide (
onion )
Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica )
WIN 55,212-2
Blockers
TRPC
TRPM
TRPML
TRPP
TRPV
Activators
2-APB
5',6'-EET
9-HODE
9-oxoODE
12S-HETE
12S-HpETE
13-HODE
13-oxoODE
20-HETE
α-Sanshool (
ginger ,
Sichuan and
melegueta peppers )
Allicin (
garlic )
AM404
Anandamide
Bisandrographolide (
Andrographis paniculata )
Camphor (
camphor laurel ,
rosemary ,
camphorweed ,
African blue basil ,
camphor basil )
Cannabidiol (
cannabis )
Cannabidivarin (
cannabis )
Capsaicin (
chili pepper )
Carvacrol (
oregano ,
thyme ,
pepperwort ,
wild bergamot , others)
DHEA
Diacyl glycerol
Dihydrocapsaicin (
chili pepper )
Estradiol
Eugenol (
basil ,
clove )
Evodiamine (
Euodia ruticarpa )
Gingerols (
ginger )
GSK1016790A
Heat
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Homocapsaicin (
chili pepper )
Homodihydrocapsaicin (
chili pepper )
Incensole (
incense )
Lysophosphatidic acid
Low
pH (acidic conditions)
Menthol (
mint )
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
N-Oleoyldopamine
N-Oleoylethanolamide
Nonivamide (PAVA) (
PAVA spray )
Nordihydrocapsaicin (
chili pepper )
Paclitaxel (
Pacific yew )
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Phenylacetylrinvanil
Phorbol esters (e.g.,
4α-PDD )
Piperine (
black pepper ,
long pepper )
Polygodial (
Dorrigo pepper )
Probenecid
Protons
RhTx
Rutamarin (
Ruta graveolens )
Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (
Euphorbia resinifera /
pooissonii )
Shogaols (
ginger ,
Sichuan and
melegueta peppers )
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (
cannabis )
Thymol (
thyme ,
oregano )
Tinyatoxin (
Euphorbia resinifera /
pooissonii )
Tramadol
Vanillin (
vanilla )
Zucapsaicin
Blockers