Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a small
cytokine belonging to the CXC
chemokine family that is also known as GRO3 oncogene (GRO3), GRO protein gamma (GROg) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta (MIP2b). CXCL3 controls
migration and
adhesion of
monocytes and mediates its effects on its target cell by interacting with a cell surface
chemokine receptor called
CXCR2.[5][6] More recently, it has been shown that Cxcl3 regulates cell autonomously the migration of the precursors of
cerebellar granule neurons toward the internal layers of cerebellum, during the morphogenesis of
cerebellum.[7] Moreover, if the expression of Cxcl3 is reduced in cerebellar granule neuron precursors, this highly enhances the frequency of the
medulloblastoma, the tumor of cerebellum. In fact, the reduced expression of Cxcl3 forces the cerebellar granule neuron precursors to remain at the surface of the cerebellum, where they highly proliferate under the stimulus of
Sonic hedgehog, becoming target of transforming insults. Remarkably, the treatment with CXCL3 completely prevents the growth of medulloblastoma lesions in a Shh-type mouse model of medulloblastoma.[8] Thus, CXCL3 is a target for medulloblastoma therapy. Cxcl3 is directly regulated transcriptionally by
BTG2[7]
The gene for CXCL3 is located on
chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.[9]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Smith DF, Galkina E, Ley K, Huo Y (November 2005). "GRO family chemokines are specialized for monocyte arrest from flow". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289 (5): H1976–84.
doi:
10.1152/ajpheart.00153.2005.
PMID15937099.
^O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 84 (1–2): 39–42.
doi:
10.1159/000015209.
PMID10343098.
S2CID8087808.