5F-APINACA (also known as A-5F-PINACA,[3]5F-AKB-48 or 5F-AKB48) is an
indazole-based
synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a
designer drug.[4][5] Structurally it closely resembles cannabinoid compounds from patent WO 2003/035005 but with a 5-fluoropentyl chain on the indazole 1-position, and 5F-APINACA falls within the claims of this patent, as despite not being disclosed as an example, it is very similar to the corresponding
pentanenitrile and 4-chlorobutyl compounds which are claimed as examples 3 and 4.[6]
^Pulver B, Fischmann S, Gallegos A, Christie R (March 2023). "EMCDDA framework and practical guidance for naming synthetic cannabinoids". Drug Testing and Analysis. 15 (3): 255–276.
doi:
10.1002/dta.3403.
PMID36346325.
^Chung H, Choi H, Heo S, Kim E, Lee J (January 2014). "Synthetic cannabinoids abused in South Korea: drug identifications by the National Forensic Service from 2009 to June 2013". Forensic Toxicology. 32 (1): 82–88.
doi:
10.1007/s11419-013-0213-6.
S2CID23058813.
^Jang M, Shin I, Kim J, Yang W (February 2015). "Simultaneous quantification of 37 synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (2): 221–234.
doi:
10.1007/s11419-015-0265-x.
S2CID3038555.
^Karinen R, Tuv SS, Øiestad EL, Vindenes V (January 2015). "Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other synthetic cannabinoids". Forensic Science International. 246: 98–103.
doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.012.
PMID25485949.
^Holm NB, Pedersen AJ, Dalsgaard PW, Linnet K (March 2015). "Metabolites of 5F-AKB-48, a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, identified in human urine and liver microsomal preparations using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (3): 199–206.
doi:
10.1002/dta.1663.
PMID24802286.
^"关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" [Notice on the issuance of the "Regulations on the Listing of Non-Medicinal Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Drugs"] (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from
the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.