From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Decade
The 1490s decade ran from January 1, 1490, to December 31, 1499.
January 2, 1492 –
Muhammad XII , last
Moorish
Emir of Granada , surrenders his city to the army of
Ferdinand and Isabella .
October 12, 1492 –
Columbus discovers the Americas for Spain.
Events
1490
This section is
transcluded from
1490 .
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history )
January–December
Date unknown
1491
This section is
transcluded from
1491 .
(
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history )
January–December
January 2 –
Alain I of Albret signs the Treaty of Moulins with
Charles VIII of France .
March – The
French–Breton War resumes.
March 19 −
20 – Alain I of Albret captures the
Château des ducs de Bretagne for the French.
April 23
May – The
war between the
Ottoman Empire and the
Egyptian
Mamluks ends.
May 3 – The ruler of the
Kingdom of Kongo , Nkuwu Nzinga, is baptised by
Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of
João I .
May 8 – A solar eclipse takes place over
Metz .
[2]
June 27 –
Louis of Orléans is released by Charles VIII of France after three years of imprisonment.
September –
Battle of Vrpile Gulch in southern
Croatia : Forces of the
Ottoman Empire are defeated by those of the
Kingdom of Croatia .
November – The pretender
Perkin Warbeck begins a campaign to take the
English throne , with a landing in Ireland.
[3]
November 7 –
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and King
Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary sign the
Peace of Pressburg , formally ending the
Austrian–Hungarian War .
November 16 – An
auto-da-fé held in Brasero de la Dehesa (outside
Ávila ) concludes the case of the
Holy Child of La Guardia , with the execution of several Jewish and
converso suspects.
November 25 –
Reconquista : The
Granada War is effectively brought to an end (and the Siege of Granada extended for two months) with the signing of the
Treaty of Granada between the
Catholic Monarchs of Spain and the Moorish
Emirate of Granada .
December 6 – King
Charles VIII of France marries
Anne of Brittany , forcing her to break her marriage with
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor , thus incorporating
Brittany into the kingdom of France.
[4]
December 21 – The Truce of Coldstream secures a five-year peace, between
Scotland and
England .
[3]
Date unknown
1492
This section is
transcluded from
1492 .
(
|
history )
Known dates
January 2 –
Fall of Granada :
Muhammad XII , the last
Emir of Granada , surrenders his city to the army of the
Catholic Monarchs (
Ferdinand II of Aragon and
Isabella I of Castile ) after a lengthy siege, ending the ten-year
Granada War and the centuries-long
Reconquista , and bringing an end to 780 years of
Muslim control in
Al-Andalus .
[6]
January 6 – Ferdinand and Isabella enter
Granada .
[7]
January 15 –
Christopher Columbus meets Ferdinand and Isabella at the
Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos in
Córdoba, Andalusia , and persuades them to support his Atlantic voyage intended to find a new route to the
East Indies .
January 16 –
Antonio de Nebrija publishes
Gramática de la lengua castellana , the first grammar text for the Castilian
Spanish language , in
Salamanca , which he introduces to the
Catholic Monarchs ,
Isabella I of Castile and
Ferdinand II of Aragon , newly restored to power in
Andalusia , as "a tool of empire".
January 23 – The
Pentateuch is first printed.
[8]
March 31 – Ferdinand and Isabella sign the
Alhambra Decree , expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to
Roman Catholicism .
April 17 – The
Capitulations of Santa Fe are signed between
Christopher Columbus and the
Crown of Castile , agreeing on arrangements for his forthcoming voyage.
June 7 –
Casimir IV Jagiellon , of the
Jagiellon Royal House, dies, ending his reign over Poland and Lithuania.
June 8 –
Elizabeth Woodville , the last living
Yorkist queen consort, dies in England.
August 2
August 11 –
Pope Alexander VI succeeds
Pope Innocent VIII as the 214th pope, after the
1492 papal conclave , the first held in the
Sistine Chapel .
September 6 –
Christopher Columbus sails from
La Gomera in the
Canary Islands , his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
October 3 –
English army
besieges Boulogne .
[11]
October 12 –
Christopher Columbus ' expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean and lands on
Guanahani , which he calls San Salvador, believing he has reached the
East Indies .
October 28 – Christopher Columbus lands in
Cuba .
November 3 – The
Peace of Étaples is signed between England and France, ending French support for
Perkin Warbeck , the pretender to the
English throne . All English-held territory in France (with the exception of
Calais ) is returned to France.
[12]
November 7 – The
Ensisheim meteorite , a 127 kg (280 lb)
meteorite , lands in a wheat field near the village of
Ensisheim in
Alsace .
December 5 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to set foot on the island of
Hispaniola .
[13]
December 25 – Columbus' ship
Santa María runs aground off
Cap-Haïtien , and is lost.
Unknown dates
Martin Behaim constructs the first surviving globe of Earth, the
Erdapfel . As Columbus would only return from his voyage in
1493 , this globe does not show the New World yet.
The first
arboretum to be designed and planted is the
Arboretum Trsteno , near
Dubrovnik in
Croatia .
Russians build the
Ivangorod Fortress , on the eastern banks of the
Narva River .
In
Ming dynasty China, the commercial transportation of grain to the northern border, in exchange for salt certificates, is monetized.
[14]
Ermysted's Grammar School ,
Skipton ,
North Yorkshire , is founded.
Marsilio Ficino publishes his translation and commentary of
Plotinus .
Stiegl brewery first recorded in
Salzburg .
1493
This section is
transcluded from
1493 .
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history )
January–December
Date unknown
1494
This section is
transcluded from
1494 .
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history )
January–December
January 4 – The
Cetinje Octoechos (Цетињски октоих, an
Eastern Orthodox
octoechos (liturgy) , first tone), the first
incunabulum written in the
Serbian recension of
Church Slavonic , and the first book printed in
Cyrillic in
Southeast Europe , is completed in
Cetinje .
January 25 –
Alfonso II becomes King of
Naples .
May –
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor , recognises the pretender
Perkin Warbeck as rightful
King of England .
[18]
May 5 –
Christopher Columbus first sights
Jamaica .
[19]
May 7 – The infant
Amda Seyon II succeeds his father
Eskender as
Emperor of Ethiopia .
May 31 –
First Battle of Acentejo : Natives of the island of
Tenerife , known as
Guanches , defeat the invading
Spanish forces.
June 7 –
Treaty of Tordesillas :
Spain and
Portugal divide the
New World between themselves.
June 25 – The
first hurricane ever observed by Europeans strikes the Spanish settlement of
La Isabela , on
Hispaniola .
October 22 –
Ludovico Sforza becomes
Duke of Milan , and invites
Charles VIII of France to invade Italy in support of his claim, beginning the
Italian War of 1494–98 .
October 26 –
Amda Seyon II is deposed and killed, and his uncle
Na'od succeeds him as
Emperor of Ethiopia .
November 9 – The
Medici Bank is insolvent and the
House of Medici is expelled from
Florence .
November 10 – Fra
Luca Pacioli 's
Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalità is published in
Venice , containing the first printed account of
algebra in the vernacular, and the first published description of the
double-entry accounting system .
November 17 –
Italian War of 1494–98 : The armies of
Charles VIII of France enter
Florence .
December 25 –
Second Battle of Acentejo : The Spanish crush the native forces of the island of
Tenerife , leading to the subjugation of this last bastion of resistance in the
Canary Islands .
Date unknown
1495
This section is
transcluded from
1495 .
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history )
January–December
February –
King's College, Aberdeen , predecessor of the
University of Aberdeen in
Scotland , is founded on the petition of
William Elphinstone ,
Bishop of Aberdeen . It is the first
English -speaking university to teach medicine.
February 22 –
Italian War of 1494–98 : King
Charles VIII of France enters
Naples , to claim the city's throne. A few months later, he decides to return to France, and leaves Naples with most of his army, leaving a force under his cousin
Gilbert, Count of Montpensier as viceroy.
Syphilis is first definitely recorded in Europe during this invasion.
[20] (perhaps from French forces who may have contacted Croats fleeing an Ottoman army in the east).
May 26 – A Spanish army under
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba lands in
Calabria , with the purpose of ousting the French and restoring
Ferdinand II of Naples to the throne.
June 1 – Brother
John Cor of
Lindores Abbey pays duty on 8 bolls of malt to the
Exchequer in Scotland to make aqua vitae for
King James IV ; the record in the Exchequer Rolls is the first written reference to
Scotch whisky .
June 28 –
Battle of Seminara : Córdoba and Ferdinand are defeated by a French army under
Bernard Stewart, Lord of Aubigny .
July 3 –
Battle of Deal :
Perkin Warbeck 's troops land in
Kent , in support of his claim to the
English crown , backed by
Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy . They are routed before Warbeck himself can disembark, and he retreats to
Ireland and then to Scotland.
July 6 –
Battle of Fornovo : The French army under King Charles secures its retreat from Italy, by defeating a combined Milanese-Venetian force under Giovanni Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of
Mantua .
Summer –
John, King of Denmark , sets sail for
Kalmar ,
Sweden , to negotiate with
Sten Sture the Elder to restore the power of the
Kalmar Union . However, his flagship,
Gribshunden , catches fire and sinks off the coast of
Ronneby with loss of life, and he is forced to abandon the mission.
October 25 – King
Manuel I of Portugal begins his reign.
November 30 – An explosion at
Vyborg Castle deters the
Russian forces, who have invaded Sweden through
Karelia .
Date unknown
Reisszug , as it appeared in 2011
1496
This section is
transcluded from
1496 .
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|
history )
January–December
February –
Pietro Bembo 's Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chalabrilem liber , a description of a journey to
Mount Etna , is published in
Venice by
Aldus Manutius , the first book printed in the
old-style serif or
humanist
typeface cut by
Francesco Griffo (known from the 20th century as
Bembo ) and with early adoption of the
semicolon (dated 1495 according to the
more veneto ).
February 24 – King
Henry VII of England signs the commercial treaty
Intercursus Magnus with
Venice ,
Florence , and the cities of the
Hanseatic League and the Netherlands.
[3]
March 5 – Henry VII of England issues letters patent to Italian-born adventurer
John Cabot and his sons, authorizing them to discover unknown lands.
[25]
March 10 –
Christopher Columbus leaves
Hispaniola for Spain, ending his second visit to the
Western Hemisphere . During his time here he has forcibly subjugated the island, enslaved the
Taíno , and laid the basis for a system of land grants tied to the Taíno's enslavement.
June 12 –
Jesus College, Cambridge , is founded.
[3]
July – Spanish forces under
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba capture
Atella after a siege. Among the prisoners is the French
viceroy of Naples , the Comte de Montpensier.
Ferdinand II of Naples is restored to his throne.
August 5 –
Bartholomew Columbus , brother of
Christopher Columbus , formally founds the city of
Santo Domingo (first settled in
March ) on
Hispaniola (in the modern-day
Dominican Republic ), making it the oldest permanent European settlement in the
New World .
September 21 –
25 –
James IV of Scotland invades
Northumberland , in support of the pretender to the
English throne ,
Perkin Warbeck .
[25]
October 20 –
Joanna of Castile , second daughter of
Ferdinand II of Aragon and
Isabella I of Castile , heiress to
Castile , marries the
archduke
Philip , heir through his mother to the
Burgundian Netherlands , and through his father to the
Holy Roman Empire .
December 5 – King
Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree ordering the expulsion of "heretics" from the country.
Date unknown – Jan de Groote, a Dutchman, obtains a grant for the north ferry from the mainland of Scotland to
Orkney , from King
James IV of Scotland .
1497
This section is
transcluded from
1497 .
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history )
January–December
February 7 (
Shrove Tuesday ) – Followers of
Girolamo Savonarola burn thousands of "immoral" objects, at the
Bonfire of the Vanities in
Florence .
March – The
Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) ends with a six year truce.
[26] Due to gathering unrest at home, the Swedish leader
Sten Sture the Elder was forced to offer a peace to
Ivan III of Moscow .
[27]
May – The
Cornish Rebellion breaks out in England, incited by war taxes.
[28]
May 10 –
Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves
Cádiz , for his first voyage to the
New World .
May 12 –
Pope Alexander VI
excommunicates
Girolamo Savonarola .
May 20 –
John Cabot sets sail from
Bristol , on the ship
Matthew (principally owned by
Richard Amerike ), looking for new lands to the west (some sources give a
May 2 date).
[28]
June 13 – The
Catholic Monarchs issue the ordinance of Medina del Campo, creating a money system based on the copper
maravedí , creating the
peso of 34 maravedis. In the next three centuries, this system will dominate international payments. It will be used in almost all parts of the Americas and large parts of Asia. It is the basis for a number of modern currencies, including the U.S. dollar.
June 17 –
Battle of Deptford Bridge near London: Cornish rebels under
Michael An Gof are soundly defeated by Henry VII.
[3]
June 24 –
John Cabot lands in North America (near present day
Bonavista, Newfoundland ).
July 8 –
Vasco da Gama 's fleet departs from
Lisbon , beginning his expedition to India.
September 7 –
Second Cornish Uprising in England:
Perkin Warbeck lands near
Land's End ; on
September 10 he is proclaimed as King in
Bodmin .
[3]
September 28 –
Battle of Rotebro :
John, King of Denmark , defeats
Sten Sture the Elder .
September 30 – The
Treaty of Ayton establishes a seven-year peace between England and Scotland.
[3]
October 4 – Leaders of the
Second Cornish Uprising surrender to the King at
Taunton ; the following day, Warbeck, having deserted his army, is captured at
Beaulieu Abbey in
Hampshire .
[28]
October 6 – Sten Sture the Elder is forced to resign and end his 27-year term as Regent of
Sweden . King John of Denmark and Norway is acknowledged by the estates as King of Sweden and formally elected on
October 18 , restoring the power of the
Kalmar Union .
December 5 – King
Manuel I of Portugal proclaims an
edict in which he demands that
Jews convert to
Christianity or leave the country.
December 23 – Sheen Palace is destroyed by fire.
Henry VII of England rebuilds it as
Richmond Palace .
Date unknown
1498
This section is
transcluded from
1498 .
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|
history )
January–December
March 2 –
Vasco da Gama visits
Quelimane and
Mozambique , in southeastern Africa.
April 14 –
Portuguese explorer
Vasco Da Gama reaches
Malindi , in modern-day
Kenya .
May
May 20 – Portuguese navigator
Vasco da Gama arrives at
Calicut (modern-day
Kozhikode ), India, becoming the first European to get there by sailing around Africa, thus discovering the maritime route to India. He finds a local Arab merchant who is able to interpret for him.
May 23 –
Girolamo Savonarola , ruler of
Florence , is executed for criticizing the
Pope .
May 30 –
Christopher Columbus sets out on his
third voyage to the
Western Hemisphere from
Sanlúcar, Spain .
June –
Niccolò Machiavelli is elected by the Great Council as the second chancellor of the
Republic of Florence .
Summer – The final Welsh revolt of the medieval era breaks out in
Meirionnydd ,
North Wales ;
Harlech Castle is captured by the rebels before the revolt is suppressed.
July 31 – Columbus becomes the first European to visit the island of
Trinidad .
August 1 – Columbus discovers the mouth of the
Orinoco .
August 4 –
12 – Columbus explores the
Gulf of Paria . On August 5 he lands on the
Paria Peninsula ,
[31] the first definitely recorded landing of Europeans on the mainland Americas.
September 20 –
1498 Nankai earthquake off the coast of Japan.
Date unknown
1499
This section is
transcluded from
1499 .
(
|
history )
January–December
January 8 –
Louis XII of France marries
Anne of Brittany , in accordance with a law set by his predecessor,
Charles VIII .
[32]
May 19 – 18-year-old
Catherine of Aragon , the
future first wife of
Henry VIII of England , is
married by proxy to his brother, 12-year-old
Arthur, Prince of Wales .
July 22 –
Battle of Dornach : The
Swiss decisively defeat the army of
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor .
[33]
July 28 –
First Battle of Lepanto : The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians.
August –
Polydore Vergil completes De inventoribus rerum , the first modern history of inventions.
August 24 –
Lake Maracaibo is discovered, by
Alonso de Ojeda and
Amerigo Vespucci .
September 18 –
Vasco da Gama arrives at
Lisbon , returning from India, and is received by King
Manuel of Portugal .
[34]
September 22 –
Treaty of Basel : Maximilian is forced to grant the Swiss de facto independence.
October 25 – The
Pont Notre-Dame in Paris, constructed under
Charles VI of France , collapses into the
Seine .
[35]
November 5 – The
Catholicon is published in
Tréguier (
Brittany ). This
Breton –greek–Latin dictionary had been written in
1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first dictionary of either French or Breton.
November 23 –
Perkin Warbeck , pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the
Tower of London .
November 28 –
Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick , last male member of the
House of York , is executed for reportedly attempting to escape from the
Tower of London .
December 18 – The
Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501) begins in the
Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile) against the
forced conversions of Muslims in Spain .
Date unknown
Births
1490
February 14 –
Valentin Friedland , German scholar and educator of the Reformation (d.
1556 )
February 17 –
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon , French military leader (d.
1527 )
March 6 –
Fridolin Sicher , Swiss composer (d.
1546 )
March 22 –
Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino , Italian noble (d.
1538 )
March 24 –
Giovanni Salviati , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1553 )
April –
Vittoria Colonna , Italian poet (d.
1547 )
April 4 –
Vojtěch I of Pernstein , Bohemian nobleman (d.
1534 )
May 17 –
Albert, Duke of Prussia , last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (d.
1568 )
June 28 –
Albert of Mainz , German elector and archbishop (d.
1545 )
July 25 –
Amalie of the Palatinate , Duchess consort of Pomerania (d.
1524 )
August 5 –
Andrey of Staritsa , son of Ivan III "the Great" of Russia (d.
1537 )
September 23 –
Johann Heß , German theologian (d.
1547 )
October –
Olaus Magnus , Swedish ecclesiastic and writer (d.
1557 )
October 12 –
Bernardo Pisano , Italian composer (d.
1548 )
[36]
November 10 –
John III, Duke of Cleves (d.
1539 )
December 25 –
Francesco Marinoni , Italian Roman Catholic priest (d.
1562 )
December 26 –
Friedrich Myconius , German Lutheran theologian (d.
1546 )
December 30 –
Ebussuud Efendi , Ottoman Grand Mufti (d.
1574 )
approx. date –
Properzia de' Rossi , Italian Renaissance sculptor (d.
1530 )
date unknown
probable
1491
January 30 –
Francesco Sforza , Italian noble (d.
1512 )
March 25 –
Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel , French nobility (d.
1549 )
May 10 –
Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon (d.
1521 )
June 28 –
Henry VIII of England (d.
1547 )
[38]
August 3 –
Maria of Jülich-Berg , spouse of John III, Duke of Cleves (d.
1543 )
August 10 –
Queen Janggyeong , Korean royal consort (d.
1515 )
August 25 –
Innocenzo Cybo , Catholic cardinal (d.
1550 )
October 6 –
Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol , French noble (d.
1545 )
c.
October 23 –
Ignatius of Loyola , Spanish founder of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order (d.
1556 )
October 26 –
Zhengde Emperor of China (d.
1521 )
November 8 –
Teofilo Folengo , Italian poet (d.
1544 )
November 11 –
Martin Bucer , German Protestant reformer (d.
1551 )
December 13 –
Martín de Azpilcueta , Spanish theologian and economist (d.
1586 )
December 31 –
Jacques Cartier , French explorer (d.
1557 )
[39]
date unknown
probable
1492
Queen
Marguerite de Navarre
Duchess
Sabina of Bavaria
January 22 –
Beatrix of Baden , Margravine of Baden, Countess Palatine consort of Simmern (d.
1535 )
March 4 –
Francesco de Layolle , Italian composer (d. c.
1540 )
March 21 –
John II, Count Palatine of Simmern , Count Palatine of Simmern (1509-1557) (d.
1557 )
March 27 –
Adam Ries , German mathematician (d.
1559 )
April 4 –
Ambrosius Blarer , influential reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland (d.
1564 )
April 6 –
Maud Green , English noble (d.
1531 )
April 11 –
Marguerite de Navarre , queen of
Henry II of Navarre (d.
1549 )
[40]
April 20 –
Pietro Aretino , Italian author (d.
1556 )
April 24 – Duchess
Sabina of Bavaria (d.
1564 )
May 8 –
Andrea Alciato , Italian jurist and writer (d.
1550 )
June 4 –
Hirate Masahide , Japanese retainer and tutor of
Oda Nobunaga (d.
1553 )
August 1 –
Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen , German prince (d.
1566 )
August 8 –
Matteo Tafuri , Italian alchemist (d.
1582 )
September 12 –
Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (d.
1519 )
[41]
September 29 –
Chamaraja Wodeyar III , King of Mysore (d.
1553 )
October 1 –
Georg Rörer , German theologian (d.
1557 )
October 11 –
Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France , French noble (d.
1495 )
October 30 –
Anne d'Alençon , French noblewoman (d.
1562 )
November 12 –
Johan Rantzau , German general (d.
1565 )
November 27 –
Donato Giannotti , Italian writer (d.
1573 )
date unknown
probable
1493
January 2 –
Louis de Bourbon de Vendôme , French cardinal (d.
1557 )
January 6 –
Olaus Petri , Swedish clergyman (d.
1552 )
January 9 –
Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Viceroy of Valencia , German noble (d.
1525 )
January 25 –
Maximilian Sforza , Duke of Milan (d.
1530 )
January 26
February 9 –
Helen of the Palatinate , Duchess of Pomerania (d.
1524 )
March 15 –
Anne de Montmorency ,
Constable of France (d.
1567 )
April 11 –
George I, Duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffins (d.
1531 )
April 25 –
Giovanni Gaddi , Italian priest (d.
1542 )
May 5 –
Alessandro Pasqualini , Italian architect (d.
1559 )
May 6 –
Girolamo Seripando , Catholic cardinal (d.
1563 )
June 5 –
Justus Jonas , German Protestant reformer (d.
1555 )
June 10 –
Anton Fugger , German merchant (d.
1560 )
September 28 –
Agnolo Firenzuola , Italian poet and litterateur (d.
1543 )
September 29 –
Yi Gwang-sik , Korean politician and general (d.
1563 )
October 14 –
Shimazu Tadayoshi , Japanese warlord (d.
1568 )
October 17 –
Bartolommeo Bandinelli , Renaissance Italian sculptor (d.
1560 )
November 11 –
Bernardo Tasso , Italian courtier and poet (d.
1569 )
[42]
November 11 or
December 17 –
Paracelsus , born Philippus von Hohenheim, Swiss physician and scientist (d.
1541 )
[43]
November 17 –
John Neville, 3rd Baron Latimer , English politician (d.
1543 )
November 25 –
Osanna of Cattaro , Dominican visionary and anchoress (d.
1565 )
December 9 –
Íñigo López de Mendoza, 4th Duke of the Infantado (d.
1566 )
December 25 –
Antoinette de Bourbon , French noblewoman (d.
1583 )
December 27 –
Johann Pfeffinger , German theologian (d.
1573 )
December 31 –
Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino , Italian politically active duchess (d.
1570 )
date unknown
probable
1494
Suleiman the Magnificent
Francis I of France
February 2 –
Bona Sforza , queen of
Sigismund I of Poland (d.
1557 )
February 11 –
Takeda Nobutora , Japanese warlord (d.
1574 )
February 20 –
Johan Friis , Danish statesman (d.
1570 )
March 24 –
Georgius Agricola , German mineralogist and scholar (d.
1555 )
March 25 –
Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , Margravine (d.
1518 )
April 4 –
Ambrosius Moibanus , German theologian (d.
1554 )
April 20 –
Johannes Agricola , German Protestant reformer (d.
1566 )
April 25 –
Juan Téllez-Girón, 4th Count of Ureña , Spanish count (d.
1558 )
May 24 –
Pontormo , Italian painter (d.
1557 )
August 18 –
Johannes Scheubel , German mathematician (d.
1570 )
September 8 –
Sri Chand , Indian founder of the ascetic sect of Udasi (d.
1629 )
September 11 –
Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders (1518–1538) (d.
1572 )
September 12 – King
Francis I of France (d.
1547 )
[44]
October 31 –
Wolfgang of the Palatinate , Count Palatine of Neumarkt (1524–1558), governor of the Upper Palatinate (d.
1558 )
November 5 –
Hans Sachs , German meistersinger ("mastersinger") (d.
1576 )
November 6 –
Suleiman the Magnificent ,
Ottoman Sultan (d.
1566 )
November 12 –
Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen , Princess of Anhalt by birth, Duchess consort of Saxony (d.
1521 )
November (probable ) –
François Rabelais , French Renaissance writer (d.
1553 )
date unknown
1495
January 26 –
Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (d.
1557 )
February 4
February 13 –
Giacomo Puteo , Spanish cardinal (d.
1563 )
March 6 –
Luigi Alamanni , Italian poet and statesman (d.
1556 )
March 8 –
John of God , Portuguese friar and saint (d.
1550 )
March 26 –
Michele Antonio, Marquess of Saluzzo (d.
1528 )
March 29 –
Leonhard Päminger , Austrian composer (d.
1567 )
April 16 –
Petrus Apianus , German humanist (d.
1552 )
August 1 –
Jan van Scorel , Dutch painter (d.
1562 )
August 24 –
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg , Prince of Lüneburg and Baron of Harburg (d.
1549 )
September 18 –
Louis X, Duke of Bavaria , German noble (d.
1545 )
September 20 –
Gian Matteo Giberti , Catholic bishop (d.
1543 )
September 23 –
Bagrat III of Imereti , King of Imereti (d.
1565 )
September 24 –
Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , Landgravine of Leuchtenberg (d.
1552 )
November 1 –
Erhard Schnepf , German theologian (d.
1558 )
November 21 –
John Bale , English churchman (d.
1563 )
[45]
December 5 –
Nicolas Cleynaerts , Flemish grammarian (d.
1542 )
date unknown
probable
1496
March 18 –
Mary Tudor , Queen of
Louis XII of France , daughter of
Henry VII of England (d.
1533 )
May 12 – King
Gustav I of Sweden (d.
1560 )
July 10 –
Johann Forster , German theologian (d.
1558 )
August 28 –
Konrad Heresbach , German Calvinist (d.
1576 )
September 27 –
Hieronymus Łaski , Polish diplomat (d.
1542 )
October 20 –
Claude, Duke of Guise , French aristocrat and general (d.
1550 )
November 23 –
Clément Marot , French poet of the Renaissance period (d.
1544 )
December 20 –
Joseph ha-Kohen , Spanish-born French Jewish historian and physician (d.
1575 )
December 21 –
Elisabeth Corvinus , Hungarian princess (d.
1508 )
date unknown
Lazare de Baïf , French diplomat and author (d.
1547 )
João de Barros , Portuguese historian (d.
1570 )
Cuauhtémoc , 11th
Tlatoani (emperor) of
Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), 1520–1521, (d.
1521 )
[47]
Dirck Jacobsz. , Dutch painter (d.
1567 )
Richard Maitland , Scottish poet (d.
1586 )
Louise de Montmorency , French noblewoman (d.
1547 )
Martín Ocelotl , Mexican priest (d. c.
1537 )
William Roper , son-in-law and biographer of
Thomas More (d.
1578 )
Giovanni Battista da Sangallo , Italian architect (d.
1548 )
Menno Simons , Dutch Anabaptist leader (d.
1561 )
Agostino Steuco , Italian humanist scholar (d.
1548 )
Johann Walter , Lutheran composer and poet (d.
1570 )
probable –
Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester (d.
1549 )
1497
February 16 –
Philip Melanchthon , German humanist and reformer (d.
1560 )
[48]
February 19 –
Matthäus Schwarz , German fashion writer (d.
1574 )
March –
Giovanni Paolo I Sforza , Italian condottiero (d.
1535 )
April 2 –
Georg Giese , German merchant (d.
1562 )
April 16 –
Mōri Motonari , Japanese daimyō (d.
1571 )
April 17 –
Pedro de Valdivia , Spanish conquistador (d.
1553 )
May 3 –
Wilhelm IV of Eberstein , President of the Reichskammergericht (d.
1562 )
May 21 –
Al-Hattab , Tripolitanian Muslim jurist (d.
1547 )
June 27 –
Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d.
1546 )
July 15 –
Francis of Denmark , Danish prince (d.
1511 )
August 18 –
Francesco Canova da Milano , Italian composer (d.
1543 )
September 10 –
Wolfgang Musculus , German theologian (d.
1563 )
October 29 –
Benedetto Accolti the Younger , Italian cardinal (d.
1549 )
date unknown
probable
1498
Maarten van Heemskerck born
1 June
January 31 –
Tiberio Crispo , Italian clergyman (d.
1566 )
February 4 –
George I of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (d.
1558 )
February 21 –
Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland , English earl (d.
1549 )
February 25 –
Francesco of Saluzzo , Marquess of Saluzzo (d.
1537 )
April 5 –
Giovanni dalle Bande Nere , Italian condottiero (d.
1526 )
April 9 –
Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine , French churchman (d.
1550 )
June 1 –
Maarten van Heemskerck , Dutch painter (d.
1574 )
June 30 –
Wilhelm von Brandenburg , Archbishop of Riga (d.
1563 )
July 25 –
Hernando de Aragón , Spanish Catholic archbishop (d.
1575 )
August 23 –
Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal (d.
1500 )
August 24 –
John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony , German prince (d.
1537 )
November 1 –
Giovanni Ricci , Italian cardinal (d.
1574 )
November 15 –
Eleanor of Austria , Queen of Portugal and France (d.
1558 )
[50]
December 1 –
Giovanni Michele Saraceni , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
1568 )
December 19 –
Andreas Osiander , German Protestant theologian (d.
1552 )
date unknown
1499
January 15 –
Samuel Maciejowski , Polish bishop (d.
1550 )
January 20 –
Sebastian Franck , German humanist (d.
1543 )
January 29 –
Katharina von Bora , German nun, wife of
Martin Luther (d.
1552 )
February 10 –
Thomas Platter , Swiss humanist scholar and writer (d.
1582 )
March 22 –
Johann Carion , German astrologer and chronicler (d.
1537 )
March 31 –
Pope Pius IV (d.
1565 )
[51]
May 14 –
Agostino Gallo , Italian agronomist (d.
1570 )
June 24 –
Johannes Brenz , German theologian and Protestant Reformer of the
Duchy of Württemberg (d.
1570 )
July 17 –
Maria Salviati , Italian noble and mother of Cosimo I de Medici (d.
1543 )
August 14 –
John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford , English noble (d.
1526 )
September 3 –
Diane de Poitiers , French duchess, mistress of
Henry II of France (d.
1566 )
October 13 –
Claude of France , queen consort of France, daughter of
Louis XII of France (d.
1524 )
October 14 –
Catherine of the Palatinate , Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar (d.
1526 )
October 31 –
Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg (1526–1552) (d.
1552 )
November 1 –
Rodrigo of Aragon , Italian noble (d.
1512 )
December 8 –
Sebald Heyden , German musicologist and theologian (d.
1561 )
December 13 –
Justus Menius , German Lutheran pastor (d.
1558 )
date unknown
probable –
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , Portuguese explorer (d.
1543 )
Deaths
1490
King
Matthias Corvinus
Blessed
Joanna
1491
January 19 –
Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg (b.
1420 )
February 15 –
Ashikaga Yoshimi , brother of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa (b.
1439 )
February 19 –
Enno I, Count of East Frisia (1466–1491) (b.
1460 )
March 6 –
Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers
March 31 –
Bonaventura Tornielli , Italian Roman Catholic priest (b.
1411 )
May 14 –
Filippo Strozzi the Elder , Italian banker (b.
1428 )
July 13 –
Afonso, Prince of Portugal (b.
1475 )
July 16 –
William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , English earl (b.
1451 )
October 5 –
Jean Balue , French cardinal and statesman (b. c.
1421 )
October 12 –
Fritz Herlen , German artist (b.
1449 )
November 16 –
Holy Child of La Guardia , Spanish
folk saint (b. n/a)
December 28 –
Bertoldo di Giovanni , Italian sculptor (b. c.
1435 )
date unknown –
Anne of Orléans, Abbess of Fontevraud (b.
1464 )
date unknown –
Musa ibn Abi al-Ghassan , knight of Granada
probable
1492
Lorenzo de' Medici
King
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Pope Innocent VIII
Saint
Beatrice of Silva
January 25 –
Ygo Gales Galama , Frisian warlord and freedom-fighting rebel (murdered) (b.
1443 )
April 8 –
Lorenzo de' Medici , ruler of Florence (b.
1449 )
[54]
March 19 –
Philip II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1429–1492) (b.
1418 )
c.
May 21 –
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (b.
1442 )
June 7 –
Casimir IV Jagiellon , King of Poland (b.
1427 )
June 8 –
Elizabeth Woodville , Queen of
Edward IV of England (b.
1437 )
[55]
July 1 –
Henry the Younger of Poděbrady , Bohemian nobleman (b.
1452 )
July 25 –
Pope Innocent VIII (b.
1432 )
[56]
August 9 –
Beatrice of Silva , Spanish
Dominican and
Roman Catholic nun and a saint
September 20 –
Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (b.
1426 )
September 23 –
Peter Courtenay , English bishop and politician
October 12 –
Piero della Francesca , Italian artist (b. c.
1412 )
[57]
October 25 –
Thaddeus McCarthy , Irish bishop (b. c.
1455 )
November 6 –
Antoine Busnois , French composer and poet (b. c.
1430 )
November 9 –
Jami , Persian poet (b.
1414 )
November 24 –
Loys of Gruuthuse , Earl of
Winchester (b. c.
1427 )
Ali al-Jabarti , Somali scholar and politician
Baccio Pontelli , Italian architect (b. c.
1450 )
Dhammazedi , Burmese king of
Hanthawaddy (b.
1409 )
Eric Clauesson , Swedish Norse pagan
Satal Rathore , Rao of Marwar
Sonni Ali , Songhai ruler
1493
May –
Pietro Antonio Solari , Italian architect (b.
1450 )
May 10 –
Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll , Scottish politician (b. c.
1433 )
May 14 –
Nannina de' Medici , member of de' Medici family (b.
1448 )
June 14 –
Ermolao Barbaro , Italian scholar (b.
1454 )
August 19 –
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (b.
1415 )
September 9 –
Mirko Derenčin , Croatian leader
October 11 –
Eleanor of Naples, Duchess of Ferrara (b.
1450 )
October 22 –
James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton
November 6 –
Andrey Bolshoy , Russian prince (b.
1446 )
date unknown
1494
January 11 –
Domenico Ghirlandaio , Italian artist (b.
1449 )
[58]
January 20 –
Seongjong of Joseon , King of Joseon (b.
1457 )
January 25 – King
Ferdinand I of Naples (b.
1423 )
May 7 –
Eskender ,
Emperor of Ethiopia (b.
1471 )
August 1 –
Giovanni Santi , Italian artist and father of
Raphael (b. c. 1435)
August 11 –
Hans Memling , Flemish painter (b. c.
1430 )
September 24 –
Poliziano , Italian humanist (b.
1454 )
October 21 –
Gian Galeazzo Sforza ,
Duke of Milan (b.
1469 )
October 26 –
Amda Seyon II ,
Emperor of Ethiopia (b. c.
1487 )
November 8 –
Melozzo da Forlì , Italian painter (b. c. 1438)
November 15 –
William Calthorpe , English knight (b.
1410 )
November 16 –
Theda Ukena , countess regent of East Frisia (b.
1432 )
November 17 –
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola , Italian humanist (b.
1463 )
[59]
December 19 or
December 20 –
Matteo Maria Boiardo , Italian poet (b. c.
1434 -
1441 )
1495
January 11 –
Pedro González de Mendoza , Spanish cardinal and statesman (b.
1428 )
January 21 –
Magdalena of France , French princess and regent of Navarre (b.
1443 )
February 25 –
Sultan Cem , pretender to the Ottoman throne (b.
1459 )
May 31 –
Cecily Neville , English duchess, mother of
Edward IV of England and
Richard III of England (b.
1415 )
September –
Vlad Călugărul , Wallachian half-brother of
Vlad III (The Impaler)
September 14 –
Elizabeth Tudor , English princess, daughter of
Henry VII of England (b.
1492 )
October 25 – King
John II of Portugal (b.
1455 )
[60]
October 30 –
Francis, Count of Vendome (b.
1470 )
December 16 –
Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France , French noble (b.
1492 )
December 18 – King
Alphonso II of Naples (b.
1448 )
December 21 –
Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford (b. c.
1431 )
1496
January 1 –
Charles, Count of Angoulême (b.
1459 )
February 24 –
Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (b.
1445 )
March 4 –
Sigismund, Archduke of Austria (b.
1427 )
March 12 –
Johann Heynlin , German humanist scholar (b. c.
1425 )
April 16 –
Charles II, Duke of Savoy (b.
1489 )
April 29 –
Fernando de Almada, 2nd Count of Avranches (b. c.
1430 )
August 15 –
Infanta Isabella of Portugal , Queen of Castile and León (b.
1428 )
August 28 –
Kanutus Johannis , Swedish Franciscan friar, writer and book collector
September 7 – King
Ferdinand II of Naples (b.
1469 )
September 15 –
Hugh Clopton , Lord Mayor of London (b. c.
1440 )
September 25 –
Piero Capponi , Italian soldier and statesman (b.
1447 )
September 28 –
Boček IV of Poděbrady , Bohemian nobleman, eldest son of King George of Podebrady (b.
1442 )
October 15 –
Gilbert, Count of Montpensier (b.
1443 )
November 1 –
Filippo Buonaccorsi (Filip Callimachus) , Italian humanist writer (b.
1437 )
date unknown
probable –
Jan IV of Oświęcim , duke of Oświęcim
1497
January 3 –
Beatrice d'Este , Duchess of Milan (b.
1475 )
[61]
January 30 –
Lê Thánh Tông , Emperor of Vietnam (b.
1442 )
February 6 –
Johannes Ockeghem , Flemish composer (b. c.
1410 )
May 26 –
Antonio Manetti , Italian mathematician and architect (b.
1423 )
June 14 –
Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandía (assassinated) (b.
1474 )
June 27
June 28 –
James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley (b. c.
1463 )
July –
Estêvão da Gama , Portuguese explorer ( b. c.
1430 )
July 23 –
Barbara Fugger , German banker (b.
1419 )
August 24 –
Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania (b.
1435 )
October 4 –
John, Prince of Asturias , only son of
Ferdinand II of Aragon and
Isabella I of Castile (b.
1478 )
November 7 –
Philip II, Duke of Savoy (b.
1443 )
November 30 –
Anna Sforza , Italian noble (b.
1476 )
date unknown
probable –
Elia del Medigo , Italian philosopher (b.
1460 )
1498
February 4 –
Antonio del Pollaiuolo , Italian painter (b. c.
1432 )
April 7 – King
Charles VIII of France (b.
1470 )
[62]
May 23 –
Girolamo Savonarola , Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (b.
1452 ; executed)
[63]
June 7 –
Anđeo Zvizdović , Bosnian Franciscan friar and evangelist (b. c.
1420 )
July 14 –
Gentile Budrioli , Italian astrologer and herbalist
August 17 –
John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton , English baron (b.
1437 )
August 23 –
Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal , eldest daughter of
Isabella I of Castile and
Ferdinand II of Aragon (b.
1470 )
[64]
September 14 –
Giovanni il Popolano , Italian diplomat (b.
1467 )
September 16 –
Tomás de Torquemada , Spanish Dominican friar and first
Grand Inquisitor (b.
1420 )
[65]
December 7 –
Alexander Hegius von Heek , German humanist (b. c.
1443 )
[66]
December 19 –
Jeanne de Laval , French noble (b.
1433 )
date unknown
probable –
Johannes Martini , Flemish composer (b. c.
1440 )
1499
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