From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
September 25 : The
Peace of Augsburg is signed
February 4 :
John Rogers is burned at the stake.
Year 1555 (
MDLV ) was a
common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar .
Events
January–March
April–June
April 9 – Marcello Cervini degli Spannocchi is unanimously chosen as the successor to
Pope Julius III , who died on March 23, and takes the name of
Pope Marcellus II as the 222nd Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. He will reign for 22 days.
[4]
April 17 – After 18 months of siege, the
Republic of Siena surrenders to the
Florentine –
Imperial army.
May 1 – Foundation of
St John's College, Oxford , England, to teach Catholic theology.
May 30 – Foundation of
Trinity College, Oxford , England, to teach Catholic theology.
May 15 – The
conclave opens with 42 of the 56 Roman Catholic cardinals to choose a successor to Pope Marcellus II, who had died on May 1.
[5]
May 23 – Giovanni Pietro Carafa, Cardinal of Naples, is elected as the new Pope after Giacomo del Pozzo fails to obtain the necessary two-thirds approval.
[6] Carafa, the 223rd Pope, takes the name
Pope Paul IV .
[7]
May 25 –
Jeanne d'Albret becomes the
Queen of Navarre upon the death of her father,
King Henry II .
[8]
June 1 – The
Treaty of Amasya between the
Ottoman Empire and
Safavid Persia concludes the
Ottoman-Safavid War .
June 22 –
Adil Shah Suri becomes the Sultan of the
Sur Empire at
Delhi in
India after
Sikandar Shah Suri is forced to flee from the Mughal Empire forces.
July–September
July 12 –
Pope Paul IV creates the
Roman Ghetto , the first Jewish ghetto in Rome.
August 24 – England's
Thomas Thirlby , the first and only Roman Catholic Archbishop of Norwich and Queen Mary's envoy to
Pope Paul IV , returns to London from bearing a papal bull that confirms Queen Mary's jurisdiction over Ireland.
[9]
September 25 – The
Peace of Augsburg is signed between
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , and the
Lutheran
Schmalkaldic League , establishing the principle
Cuius regio, eius religio , that is, rulers within the Empire can choose the religion of their realm.
September – The
1555 Kashmir earthquake causes widespread destruction and death in Kashmir, India.
[10]
October–December
Date unknown
Russia breaks a 60-year-old truce with
Sweden by attacking Finland.
Humayun resumes rule of the
Mughal Empire .
The
Adal Sultanate in the
Horn of Africa collapses.
English captain
John Lok returns from
Guinea , with five Africans to train as interpreters for future trading voyages.
Richard Eden publishes The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India , a translation into English of parts of
Pietro Martire d'Anghiera 's
De orbe novo decades , the
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés work Natural hystoria de las Indias and others, urging his countrymen to follow the lead of Spain in exploring the
New World ;
[15] the work includes the first recorded use in English of the country name 'China'.
Establishment in England of the following
grammar schools :
Boston Grammar School ,
Gresham's School at
Holt, Norfolk (founded by
Sir John Gresham ) and
Ripon Grammar School (re-foundation).
William Annyas becomes the Mayor of
Youghal , Ireland, the first Jew to hold such a position in Ireland.
[16]
John Dee is charged, but cleared, of treason in England.
Orlande de Lassus ' first book of
madrigals is published, in
Antwerp .
Births
King
Naresuan
January 26 –
Charles II, Lord of Monaco (d.
1589 )
February 25 –
Alonso Lobo , Spanish musician (d.
1617 )
March 18 –
François, Duke of Anjou , youngest son of
Henry II of France and
Catherine de' Medici (d.
1584 )
[17]
March 21 –
John Leveson , English politician (d.
1615 )
March 31 –
Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox , English countess (d.
1582 )
April 21 –
Ludovico Carracci , Italian painter (d.
1619 )
April 28 –
Karl Friedrich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg , heir apparent of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (d.
1575 )
May 5 –
Queen Uiin , Korean royal consort (d.
1600 )
May 9 –
Jerónima de la Asunción , founder of the first Catholic monastery in Manila, the Monastery of Santa Clara (d.
1630 )
May 29 –
George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes , English earl, general and administrator (d.
1629 )
June 11 –
Lodovico Zacconi , Italian composer and music theorist (d.
1627 )
June 13 –
Giovanni Antonio Magini , Italian mathematician, cartographer and astronomer (d.
1617 )
June 16 –
Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg , Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (d.
1591 )
July –
Henry Garnet , English Jesuit (d.
1606 )
July 6 –
Louis II, Cardinal of Guise , French Catholic cardinal (d.
1588 )
July 17 –
Richard Carew , English scholar (d.
1620 )
August 1 –
Edward Kelley , English spirit medium (d.
1597 )
September 3 –
Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński , Polish nobleman (d.
1628 )
September 21 –
John Thynne , English landowner and politician (d.
1604 )
September 23 –
Louise de Coligny , princess consort of Orange (d.
1620 )
September 28 –
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon , Marshal of France (d.
1623 )
October 6 –
Ferenc Nádasdy , Hungarian noble (d.
1604 )
October 12 –
Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby , English baron (d.
1601 )
November 8 –
Nyaungyan Min , king of Burma (d.
1605 )
December 4 –
Heinrich Meibom , German historian and poet (d.
1625 )
December 27 –
Johann Arndt , German Lutheran theologian (d.
1621 )
date unknown
Lancelot Andrewes , English clergyman and scholar (d.
1626 )
Adam Sędziwój Czarnkowski , Polish nobleman (d.
1628 )
Samuel Eidels , Polish Jewish rabbi and Talmudist (d.
1631 )
Joshua Falk , Polish Jewish rabbi and commentator (d.
1614 )
Elijah Loans , German Jewish rabbi and kabbalist (d.
1636 )
François de Malherbe , French poet (d.
1628 )
Okudaira Sadamasa , Japanese nobleman (d.
1615 )
Konishi Yukinaga , Japanese Christian daimyō (d.
1600 )
Moderata Fonte , Italian poet, writer and philosopher (d.
1592 )
Maria van Schooten , Dutch war heroine (d.
1573 )
Naresuan , King of Ayutthaya (d.
1605 )
Deaths
Pope Julius III
Pope Marcellus II
King
Henry II of Navarre
Saint
Thomas of Villanova
January 14 –
Jacques Dubois , French anatomist (b.
1478 )
February 4 –
John Rogers , English clergyman (burned at the stake) (b. c.
1505 )
February 8 –
Laurence Saunders , English clergyman (burned at the stake) (b.
1519 )
February 9
February 17 –
Giuliano Bugiardini , Italian painter (b.
1475 )
March 14 –
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford (b.
1485 )
March 23 –
Pope Julius III (b.
1487 )
[18]
March 27 –
Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din , Imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen (b.
1473 )
April 12 – Queen
Joanna of Castile , long under confinement (b.
1479 )
April 18 –
Polydore Vergil , English historian (b.
1470 )
[19]
May 1 –
Pope Marcellus II (b.
1501 )
May 21 –
George III, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg (b.
1502 )
May 25
June 10 –
Elizabeth of Denmark, Electress of Brandenburg (1502–1535) (b.
1485 )
September 8 –
Thomas of Villanova , Spanish
Roman Catholic bishop and saint (b.
1488 )
October 5 –
Edward Wotton , English zoologist (b.
1492 )
October 9 –
Justus Jonas , German Protestant reformer (b.
1493 )
October 16
October 26 –
Olympia Fulvia Morata , Italian classical scholar (b.
1526 )
November 4 –
Agnes of Hesse , German nobleman, by marriage, Princess of Saxony (b.
1527 )
November 12
November 21 –
Georgius Agricola , German scientist (b.
1490 )
December –
Stanisław Kostka , Polish noble (b.
1487 )
December 9 –
Elisabeth of Culemborg , German noble (b.
1475 )
References
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ISBN
0-7126-5616-2 .
^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8 .
^ Goldsmid, E. (ed.) (1886). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, collected by
Richard Hakluyt , Preacher , Vol. III: North-Eastern Europe and Adjacent Countries, Part II: The Muscovy Company and the North-Eastern Passage. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid.
pp. 101-112 .
^ Maureen E. Buja (1996).
Antonio Barré and Music Printing in Mid-sixteenth Century Rome . University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. p. 81.
^ Chacón, col. 810-811; Panvinio, s. 427-428; por. Setton, s. 617.
^ Pastor, Ludwig von. History of the Popes . T. 14. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1924
^ Paul Johnson (1997).
The Papacy . Barnes & Noble Books. p. 216.
ISBN
978-0-7607-0755-5 .
^
a
b Ronald Love (March 14, 2001).
Blood and Religion: The Conscience of Henri IV . McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 25–.
ISBN
978-0-7735-6884-6 .
^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain :
Cooper, Thompson (1898). "
Thirlby, Thomas ". In
Lee, Sidney (ed.).
Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 56. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 137.
^
"Significant Earthquake Information India: Kashmir: Srinagar" . ngdc.noaa.gov . NCEI. Retrieved August 7, 2021 .
^ Stephen R. Turnbull, The Samurai: A Military History , ( New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1977) pp. 131–134
^ Parkman, Francis (1983). France and England in North America Vol 1 . New York, New York: Library of America. pp. 33–41.
^
"Marian Government Policies" . Retrieved July 5, 2007 .
^ Lee, Frederick George (December 6, 1888).
"Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury : an historical sketch, with an introductory prologue and practical epilogue" . London : J. C. Nimmo – via Internet Archive.
^ Hadfield, Andrew (2004).
"Eden, Richard (c.1520–1576)" .
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/8454 . Retrieved December 12, 2011 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
^ Ireland. Dept. of Foreign Affairs (1987).
Ireland today . Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved June 9, 2012 .
^ Mack P. Holt (May 2, 2002).
The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle During the Wars of Religion . Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
ISBN
978-0-521-89278-0 .
^
"Julius III | pope" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved May 3, 2019 .
^ Catherine Atkinson (2007).
Inventing Inventors in Renaissance Europe: Polydore Vergil's De Inventoribus Rerum . Mohr Siebeck. p. 86.
ISBN
978-3-16-149187-0 .