In 2007, a series of anti-government protests took place across
Georgia. The demonstrations peaked on 2 November 2007, when 40,000–50,000 rallied in downtown
Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. People protested against the allegedly corrupt government of president
Mikheil Saakashvili. Protests triggered by detention of Georgian politician
Irakli Okruashvili on charges of
extortion,
money laundering, and abuse of office during his tenure as defense minister of the country were organized by the National Council, an ad hoc coalition of ten opposition parties, and financed by the media tycoon
Badri Patarkatsishvili. Demonstrations occurred both in September and November 2007 and were initially largely peaceful. The protests went downhill by 6 November 2007, but turned violent the next day when the
police, using heavy-handed tactics, including tear gas and water cannon, unblocked
Rustaveli Avenue, Tbilisi's main boulevard, dislodged the protesters from the territory adjoining to the
House of Parliament, and prevented the demonstrators from resuming the protests. The government accused the Russian secret services of being involved in an attempted coup d'état and declared a nationwide
state of emergency later that day which lasted until 16 November 2007.
On 8 November 2007, President Saakashvili announced a compromise solution to hold an
early presidential election for 5 January 2008. He also proposed to hold a
referendum in parallel to snap presidential elections about when to hold
parliamentary polls – in spring as pushed for by the opposition parties, or in late 2008. (Full article...)
Born into a family of peasants outside of
Gori, in modern
Georgia, she married
Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and had three sons; only the youngest,
Ioseb, lived. Besarion would leave the family, leaving Geladze to raise her son. Deeply religious, she wanted Ioseb to become a priest, working as a seamstress in Gori in order to pay for his education. Geladze remained in Gori when Ioseb moved to the
Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary, and stayed there until his rise to power in the
Soviet Union as Joseph Stalin. In her older age Geladze lived in Tbilisi, the capital city of
Georgia; while Stalin wrote to her, he visited rarely, with the last visit in 1935. She died in 1937, and was buried in the
Mtatsminda Pantheon in Tbilisi. (Full article...)
Image 13A
medieval illustration of the Georgian king
George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a
whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by
Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
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Red Army in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Paolo Iashvili, a Georgian poet persecuted by the Soviet authorities (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Georgian parade armour with golden plates (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Ceremonial crown of the Georgian high nobility, an example of metalwork from the early modern period (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Churchkhela (from Georgian cuisine)
A plate of khinkali (from Georgian cuisine)
Ajapsandali (from Georgian cuisine)
Kingdom of Diauehi. (from History of Georgia (country))
Mikheil Saakashvili with George W. Bush. (from History of Georgia (country))
King Solomon I (from History of Georgia (country))
A medieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient by Hayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Prince Akaki Tsereteli, prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure. (from History of Georgia (country))
Eduard Shevardnadze, second President of Georgia (1995–2003) (from History of Georgia (country))
Dambalkhacho cheese. (from Georgian cuisine)
Coronation of Demetrius I, a fresco from Matskhvarishi, 1140 (from History of Georgia (country))
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline project (from History of Georgia (country))
Georgian SSR in 1957–1991, including Abkhazian Autonomous SSR, Adjara ASSR, and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. (from History of Georgia (country))
Chakapuli (from Georgian cuisine)
Spinach pkhali (from Georgian cuisine)
Kingdom of Lazica. (from History of Georgia (country))
Mother and Son by Niko Pirosmani (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Queen Tamar and her father King George III, fresco from Vardzia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Photos of the April 9, 1989 Massacre victims (mostly young women) on billboard in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
British troops marching in Batumi, Georgia in 1920. Following World War I, Britain replaced German troops in Georgia (from History of Georgia (country))
Nino Ananiashvili (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Lobio (from Georgian cuisine)
Chashushuli with bread and salad (from Georgian cuisine)
Kharcho (from Georgian cuisine)
King Mirian III established Christianity in Georgia as the official state religion in 324. (from History of Georgia (country))
President Zourabichvili (from History of Georgia (country))
Princess Ekaterine resisted Turkish encroachment in Western Georgia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Patera depicting Marcus Aurelius uncovered in central Georgia, 2nd century AD. (from History of Georgia (country))
A page from a 12th-century Gelati Gospel, an example of Georgian illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages (from Culture of Georgia (country))
King Erekle II (from History of Georgia (country))
Adjarian khachapuri. (from Georgian cuisine)
A Tatar Fruiterer, 1910, Georgian National Museum (from Niko Pirosmani)
Details from Pirosmani's paintings Threshing and Fisherman in a Red Shirt on the 5 lari banknote of the 2017 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
George III as depicted on a medieval fresco from Vardzia (from History of Georgia (country))
Members of the National Council of Georgia, after declaring independence of Georgia, Tbilisi May 26, 1918 (from History of Georgia (country))
Muraba made from walnut (from Georgian cuisine)
King David the Builder, one of Georgia's greatest kings. (from History of Georgia (country))
Monastery of Iviron, one of several monastic centers founded abroad by Georgians of the Early Middle Ages. (from History of Georgia (country))
The construction of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was initiated in the 1020s by George I. (from History of Georgia (country))
2nd century BC bronze torso from Western Georgia, displayed at the Georgian National Museum (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Bedia Cup of King Bagrat III of Georgia, 999 AD (from History of Georgia (country))
Wall Painting in Georgia's ancient monastery, Shio-Mghvime (from Culture of Georgia (country))
19th century Georgian noble family: General Solomon Makashvili and family around 1900 (from History of Georgia (country))
Frescoes from the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, an example of Georgian medieval art depicting ships and monsters at sea. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 1980s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right) (from History of Georgia (country))
Niko Pirosmani on a Georgian lari banknote of the 2002 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Prince Ilia Chavchavadze, leader of the Georgian national revival in the 1860s. (from History of Georgia (country))
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