From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4 ), also known as coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 , is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the F2RL3
gene .
[5]
Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 (F2RL3) is a member of the large family of 7-transmembrane-region receptors that couple to guanosine-nucleotide-binding proteins. F2RL3 is also a member of the
protease-activated receptor family. F2RL3 is activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular
amino terminus . The new amino terminus functions as a tethered ligand and activates the receptor. F2RL3 is activated by
thrombin and
trypsin .
[5]
Leger AJ, Covic L, Kuliopulos A (2006).
"Protease-activated receptors in cardiovascular diseases" . Circulation . 114 (10): 1070–7.
doi :
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.574830 .
PMID
16952995 .
S2CID
312800 .
Xu WF, Andersen H, Whitmore TE, et al. (1998).
"Cloning and characterization of human protease-activated receptor 4" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 95 (12): 6642–6.
Bibcode :
1998PNAS...95.6642X .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.95.12.6642 .
PMC
22580 .
PMID
9618465 .
Kahn ML, Zheng YW, Huang W, et al. (1998). "A dual thrombin receptor system for platelet activation". Nature . 394 (6694): 690–4.
Bibcode :
1998Natur.394..690K .
doi :
10.1038/29325 .
PMID
9716134 .
S2CID
4408582 .
Kahn ML, Hammes SR, Botka C, Coughlin SR (1998).
"Gene and locus structure and chromosomal localization of the protease-activated receptor gene family" . J. Biol. Chem . 273 (36): 23290–6.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.273.36.23290 .
PMID
9722561 .
S2CID
32777201 .
Kahn ML, Nakanishi-Matsui M, Shapiro MJ, et al. (1999).
"Protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 mediate activation of human platelets by thrombin" . J. Clin. Invest . 103 (6): 879–87.
doi :
10.1172/JCI6042 .
PMC
408153 .
PMID
10079109 .
Andersen H, Greenberg DL, Fujikawa K, et al. (1999).
"Protease-activated receptor 1 is the primary mediator of thrombin-stimulated platelet procoagulant activity" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 96 (20): 11189–93.
Bibcode :
1999PNAS...9611189A .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.96.20.11189 .
PMC
18009 .
PMID
10500152 .
Sambrano GR, Huang W, Faruqi T, et al. (2000).
"Cathepsin G activates protease-activated receptor-4 in human platelets" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (10): 6819–23.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.275.10.6819 .
PMID
10702240 .
S2CID
33219053 .
Nakanishi-Matsui M, Zheng YW, Sulciner DJ, et al. (2000). "PAR3 is a cofactor for PAR4 activation by thrombin". Nature . 404 (6778): 609–13.
Bibcode :
2000Natur.404..609N .
doi :
10.1038/35007085 .
PMID
10766244 .
S2CID
4410800 .
Miike S, McWilliam AS, Kita H (2002).
"Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2" . J. Immunol . 167 (11): 6615–22.
doi :
10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6615 .
PMID
11714832 .
S2CID
9302877 .
Asokananthan N, Graham PT, Fink J, et al. (2002).
"Activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1, PAR-2, and PAR-4 stimulates IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E2 release from human respiratory epithelial cells" . J. Immunol . 168 (7): 3577–85.
doi :
10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3577 .
PMID
11907122 .
S2CID
45171728 .
Henriksen RA, Hanks VK (2002).
"PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF stimulates thromboxane production by human platelets" . Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol . 22 (5): 861–6.
doi :
10.1161/01.ATV.0000014742.56572.25 .
PMID
12006403 .
S2CID
24246544 .
Covic L, Singh C, Smith H, Kuliopulos A (2003). "Role of the PAR4 thrombin receptor in stabilizing platelet-platelet aggregates as revealed by a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome". Thromb. Haemost . 87 (4): 722–7.
doi :
10.1055/s-0037-1613071 .
PMID
12008957 .
S2CID
32831294 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003).
"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903.
Bibcode :
2002PNAS...9916899M .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.242603899 .
PMC
139241 .
PMID
12477932 .
Owen WG (2003). "PAR-3 is a low-affinity substrate, high affinity effector of thrombin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun . 305 (1): 166–8.
doi :
10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00732-0 .
PMID
12732212 .
Adam F, Verbeuren TJ, Fauchère JL, et al. (2003).
"Thrombin-induced platelet PAR4 activation: role of glycoprotein Ib and ADP" . J. Thromb. Haemost . 1 (4): 798–804.
doi :
10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00138.x .
PMID
12871418 .
S2CID
12762388 .
Wu CC, Hwang TL, Liao CH, et al. (2004). "The role of PAR4 in thrombin-induced thromboxane production in human platelets". Thromb. Haemost . 90 (2): 299–308.
doi :
10.1160/TH03-02-0103 .
PMID
12888878 .
S2CID
4983617 .
Kawai T, Akira S, Reed JC (2003).
"ZIP kinase triggers apoptosis from nuclear PML oncogenic domains" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 23 (17): 6174–86.
doi :
10.1128/MCB.23.17.6174-6186.2003 .
PMC
180930 .
PMID
12917339 .
Jacques SL, Kuliopulos A (2004).
"Protease-activated receptor-4 uses dual prolines and an anionic retention motif for thrombin recognition and cleavage" . Biochem. J . 376 (Pt 3): 733–40.
doi :
10.1042/BJ20030954 .
PMC
1223816 .
PMID
13678420 .
Han Y, Nurden A, Combrié R, Pasquet JM (2004).
"Redistribution of glycoprotein Ib within platelets in response to protease-activated receptors 1 and 4: roles of cytoskeleton and calcium" . J. Thromb. Haemost . 1 (10): 2206–15.
doi :
10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00436.x .
PMID
14521606 .
S2CID
24420859 .
This article incorporates text from the
United States National Library of Medicine , which is in the
public domain .