John Hopkin Ashley, 36, American outlaw and bank robber, was killed in an ambush in
Roseland, Florida by
Palm Beach County Sheriff George B. Baker.[9] After attempting to shoot Baker, Ashley and three of his partners were killed in a shootout.[10]
November 2, 1924 (Sunday)
Huang Fu was named as the acting President of the Republic of China following the
Beijing Coup, at the request of General
Feng Yuxiang. President Huang declared the presidency of
Cao Kun to be illegal.
Ten passengers on a street car in
Chicago were killed and 31 others injured when a freight train hit a street car after midnight at the crossing of the Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul Railroad at the intersection of North Avenue and Kingsbury Street. Witnesses said that the freight locomotive had no lights on as it reached the crossing.[11]
The first newspaper crossword in the United Kingdom was published as a feature of the Sunday Express.
Uruguay and
Argentina played to a scoreless draw in the
South American Championship of soccer football. Uruguay finished in first place with a record of 2-1-0 (for 5 points) compared to Argentina's 1-2-0 (for 4 points), to win Uruguay's fifth
Copa América.
In the U.S., a railorad accident killed 11 bus passengers and seriously injured 8 others near
Hampton, Virginia, when Chesapeake & Ohio passenger train No. 46 struck the bus in which they were riding.[13]
Calvin Coolidge and
John W. Davis made their final appeals to voters with radio addresses on the eve of the presidential election.[15]
The
League of Nations opened its first session of the International Opium Conference, addressing the issue of
opium smoking and addiction.[16]
Born:
Ralph Lazo, American rights activist who was the only non-Japanese American to voluntarily relocate to a Japanese American internment camp during World War II; in
Los Angeles (d. 1992)[17]
Calvin Coolidge of the
Republican Party was elected to a second term in the
U.S. presidential election, as
Democratic opponent
John W. Davis nearly swept the
South but was unable to carry any other states. Third-party candidate
Robert M. La Follette won his home state of
Wisconsin and its 13 electoral votes, while Coolidge had 382 electoral votes and Davis had 136.[18] Davis, formerly the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, won less than 29% of the popular vote, the lowest share by the Democratic Party nominee in any U.S. presidential election.
A mutiny of eight Brazilian Navy officers and 260 sailors took place on the
Brazilian battleship São Paulo.[19] The mutineers took control of the ship and attempted unsuccessfully to incite rebellion among officers on other ships, then fired a shell at the warship Minas Geraes and sailed out of the
Rio de Janeiro harbor. After a brief exchange of fire with the batteries at
Fortaleza de Santa Cruz da Barra and
Fort Copacabana, the São Paulo rebels arrived at
Uruguay on November 10, where they were granted asylum. The Minas Geraes escorted the São Paulo back to
Rio de Janeiro, where it arrived on November 21.[20]
French sawmill foreman Joseph Marie Guillaume Seznec was
convicted of murder after an eight day trial, following the mysterious disappearance of salesman Pierre Quéméneur, despite no evidence that Quéméneur had been killed. Seznec would be imprisoned for more than 20 years at the
Devil's Island prison off of the coast of South America before being released in 1947. The case would be reopened in 2006, more than 50 years after Seznec was killed in a pedestrian accident, but the conviction would be upheld.[22]
Fighting broke out between Italian veterans of World War One and members of the Fascist Party's
Blackshirts during a march to the
Piazza Venezia to commemorate the anniversary of the Italian Armistice.[23]
Former Chinese emperor
Puyi, who had received a measure of luxury as part of the 1912
Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Great Qing Emperor after His Abdication, was expelled from the
Forbidden City by orders of General Feng Yuxiang, who unilaterally revoked the Articles.[25] Puyi was given the status of a private citizen of the Republic of China and his imperial title and privileges were revoked.[26] General Feng permanently abolished the
eunuch system throughout China as part of his reforms.[27]
Baroness Lips von Lipstrill (stage name for Rudolf Schmid, later Jeanette Schmid), Czechoslovakian-born American transgender entertainer known for her whistling abilities, outfits and risque comedy; in
Volary,
Sudetenland,
Czechoslovakia (d. 2005)
November 7, 1924 (Friday)
The
Soviet Union displayed its first manufactured motor vehicle, the
AMO-F-15 truck (modeled from the Italian
Fiat 15Ter), after the truck came off the assembly line of the new
AMO (Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo) assembly plant at Tyufeleva south of
Moscow on November 1.[31]
Germany announced its first balanced budget since the end of World War One.[32]
The
Alvarado Hot Springs geothermal pool was discovered in
Los Angeles County, California on the ranch of William P. Alvarado near Puente Hills. Alvarado had been drilling for
natural gas when the operation reached a depth of 3,400 feet (1,000 m).[34] The spa would remain operational for at least 35 years.[35]
Boško Boškovič, Governor of
Lower Kolašin in
Yugoslavia's Montenegro republic, was assassinated while traveling from
Mojkovac to
Šahovići, and local authorities arrested 31 men from Šahovići. Outraged Christian residents of Montenegro retaliated two days later with the
killing of at least 600 Muslims in Šahovići.
November 8, 1924 (Saturday)
In
Honolulu,
Hawaii, Korean nationalist
Syngman Rhee announced plans for a new independence movement to obtain
Korea's independence from the Japanese Empire.[37]
Died:Mike Merlo, 44, Sicilian-born American mobster with the "
Chicago Outfit" or "South Side Gang" of
Johnny Torrio and
Al Capone, as well as a political figure within
Chicago's Democratic Partypolitical machine, died of cancer.[39] On November 10, two days after Merlo's death and prior to Merlo's funeral, Johnny Torrio's men opened a war between the South Side and North Side gangs with the murder of the North Side's Dion O'Banion.
November 9, 1924 (Sunday)
The
Šahovići massacre of hundreds of Muslim Yugoslavians in the
Montenegro villages of
Šahovići and
Pavino Polje began after an estimated 2,000 Orthodox Christian men from the municipalities of
Kolašin and
Bijelo Polje assembled following the burial of Boško Bošković.[40] Over the next two days, Muslim civilians were slaughtered. Estimates of the death toll range from 120 (from a Yugoslavian government investigation at the time) to almost 3,000.[41] Other estimates are that 1,000[42] or 600 people died.[43]
Soviet troops massed intimidatingly on the border with
Estonia on the eve of the opening of the
trial of the 149.[44]
The
Tientsin Conference opened in China between warlords
Zhang Zuolin,
Feng Yuxiang, and
Lu Yongxiang, at the invitation of former President
Sun Yat-sen, to discuss ending the civil war between the rival factions.[47] The men gathered at the home of former Premier
Duan Qirui, whom Zhang Zuolin named as head of state of China on November 24.
Ranch property belonging to Mexican president-elect
Plutarco Elías Calles was expropriated by the state in accordance with agrarian laws.[48]
A new session of the Italian parliament opened without 185 opposition members who had stayed away in an ill-conceived protest against the Fascist Party.[52] The "
Aventine Secession" allowed the Fascists to enact the restrictive program of Prime Minister
Benito Mussolini.
The
Polish Orthodox Church was created as an autocephalous religious denomination by the signing of the Patriarchal and Synodal Tomos by Patriarch
Gregory VII of Constantinople,[54] with the official proclamation taking effect on September 17, 1925.
Italy's Prime Minister
Benito Mussolini introduced a bill allowing women to vote in national elections in Italy.[5]
Rikidōzan (ring name for Mitsuhiro Momota), Korean-born Japanese sumo and professional wrestler, credited with bringing pro wrestling to Japan, posthumously inducted to the WWE Hall of Fame; as Kim Sin-rak in Hongwon, Japanese Korea (killed in street fight, 1963)[57]
Parappurath (pen name for Kizhakkepainummoodu Easo Mathai), Indian novelist and screenplay writer; in
Mavelikkara,
Travancore kingdom, British India (now in the Kerala state) (d. 1981)[58]
Dong Leshan, Chinese author and translator known for rendering numerous English-language publications into the Chinese language for reading in the People's Republic of China; in
Ningbo,
Zhejiang province (d. 1999)[60]
Died:
Jaan Tomp, 30, Estonian Communist and member of parliament who was the sole defendant to be executed for high treason following the "
Trial of the 149".[61]
Joe Quest, 71, American baseball player who played 1871 to 1886, and who was said to have coined the term "
Charley horse" to describe a sudden leg cramp or sprain.[62][63][64]
November 15, 1924 (Saturday)
France clashed with the United States over a letter from reparations agent
Seymour Parker Gilbert stating that Britain and France were not entitled to collect a tax of 26 percent on German imports as part of
reparations payments under the
Dawes Plan. France contended that the import tax had nothing to do with the Plan.[65]
The United Kingdom angered Japan at the International Opium Conference in
Geneva when British delegate
Malcolm Delevingne said that Great Britain could not habitually recognize import certificates, because they were often diverted on the way to the country of purchase for illicit purposes by high officials in one far eastern country that he "preferred not to name."[66]
Nine members of the St. Louis-based "
Egan's Rats" gang of bank robbers were convicted of robbery of a mail truck and each sentenced to 25 years incarceration in a federal prison. Over five years between 1919 and 1924, Egan's Rats, founded by Willie Egan and later led by
Dint Colbeck, stole almost $4.5 million worth in cash and property, including the heist of $2.4 million from an armored mail truck on April 2, 1923. The convictions ended the organization, which had employed over 300 people over 35 years.[67]
Died:
Artur de Sacadura Cabral, 43, Portuguese aviator known for making (in 1922) the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic Ocean, disappeared while he and copilot José Correia were flying over the
English Channel.
Mel Patton, U.S. track and field sprinter and 1948 Olympic gold medalist, known for setting the world record of 9.2 seconds in the 100 yard dash in 1948 and breaking the record of
Jesse Owens in the 220 yard dash in 1949; in
Los Angeles (d. 2014)[72]
Sam Farber, American industrial designer who co-founded the
OXO line of plastic-coated kitchen utensils; in
New York City (d. 2013)
The Canadian province of
Ontario said that it would build a "dry navy" to co-operate with American Prohibition enforcement agents unless the Canadian federal government did more to stop
rum-running.[74]
In the U.S., police in
Seattle, Washington arrested
bootleggerRoy Olmstead and his wife Elise after obtaining sufficient evidence for a warrant from wiretapping of telephone conversations. The arrest would and their conviction would be appealed on to the U.S. Supreme Court and become the basis (along with two other cases) for the Court's 1928 decision in Olmstead v. United States, which would find, by a 4 to 3 decision, that wiretapping did not constitute a violation of the prohibition against an unreasonable search or seizure under the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, a precedent that would stand for 39 years until being overturned in the 1967 case of Katz v. United States.
Hollywood producer
Thomas H. Ince died at his estate in California, two days after leaving a gathering attended by many celebrities aboard
William Randolph Hearst's private yacht, the Oneida. The cause of death was officially given as a
heart attack, but wild rumors circulated that he had been shot or somehow otherwise fatally afflicted under circumstances that were covered up.[78] A 2001 film, The Cat's Meow, is based on the rumors.[79][80]
The legislature of the
Philippines passed a resolution calling for complete independence from the United States.[16]
Rudolf Ramek formed a government as the new
Chancellor of Austria, succeeding Ignaz Seipel. Ramek would yield the post back to Seipel on October 20, 1926.
The
Gandy Bridge, across
Tampa Bay in the U.S. state of Florida, opened to drivers between
Tampa and
St. Petersburg, Florida. At a length of 2.5 miles (4.0 km), the structure was the longest bridge in the world at the time of its opening.[84] Drivers who paid the 75-cent toll (equivalent to $13.50 in 2024) could drive between Tampa and St. Petersburg in 19 miles (31 km) rather than the 43 miles (69 km) on roads around the bay.
The
American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), acting on a suggestion from Minnesota state maintenance engineer A.H. Hinkle, approved a resolution recommending that the states of the United States agree to a consistent system of numbered interstate highways.[85]
Died: Sir
Lee Stack, 56, British Governor-General of Sudan, died the day after being shot by assassins.
November 21, 1924 (Friday)
Britain's new Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin and his Conservative Party government scrapped the commercial treaties that
Ramsay MacDonald's
Labour government had negotiated with the Soviet Union, after the controversy from the
Zinoviev letter.[86] The British intelligence agency
MI5 soon determined that the letter had been a forgery, information that Baldwin's government chose not to make public, in order to protect the Conservative Party's reputation and the myth that the Labour Party had been tricked by the Soviet Union.[87]
King
Vajiravudh of Siam (now Thailand) amended the kingdom's
Palace Law of Succession, providing that he could name his successor or remove the heir apparent from succession. The change cleared the way for King Vajiravudh to name his younger brother,
Prajadhipok, as his heir rather than his daughter,
Bejaratana.
The British government sent a message to Egyptian Prime Minister
Saad Zaghloul demanding complete satisfaction in the matter of the assassination of
Governor-GeneralSir Lee Stack, including punishment of those responsible and a payment of £500,000 in compensation. Britain blamed the assassination on the Egyptian government's failure to take steps to suppress anti-British agitation.[88]
Born:
Geraldine Page, American film, television and stage actress, winner of the 1985 Academy Award for Best Actress (for The Trip to Bountiful), as well as a BAFTA award, two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards; in
Kirksville, Missouri (d. 1987)[89]
Edwin Hubble announced his discovery that
Andromeda, previously believed to be a
nebula, is actually another
galaxy, and that the
Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe. Hubble's discovery was disclosed by him to The New York Times.[91] Hubble's paper was published on December 30 after peer review and presented by him at a meeting of the
American Astronomical Society on January 1.[92]
American lawyer and fugitive
Leo Koretz was arrested in Canada after being identified by a label sewn into his suit jacket, which he had brought to a tailor for repairs.[93] Koretz, who had fled from the U.S. to
Halifax, Nova Scotia, after being sought for assisting
Charles Ponzi in defrauding investors, had been living in Halifax under the alias "Lou Keyte".[94] Koretz died in prison less than two months after his arrest.[95]
Embattled Italian leader
Benito Mussolini apologized for the events in Rome on November 4 and promised to take steps to keep his
Blackshirts under control.[96]
Born:
Anita Linda (stage name for Alice Bueñaflor Lake), Philippine film actress and leading lady; in
Pasay (d. 2020)[97]
The
fossilized remains of the "
Taung child", the first individual of the extinct species Australopithecus africanus, were found by Australian anatomist and anthropologist
Raymond Dart in a box of fossils sent to him by a shotfirer who had saved them from a
limestonequarry at
Taung in
South Africa.[101] Carbon dating indicated that the Taung child had lived 2.8 million years earlier. Dart concluded from scratches and puncture marks that the child had been killed by a
bird of prey.[102]
The "
Righteous Government", an alliance of eight organizations seeking to gain the independence of Korea from Japanese rule, was formed at a meeting in
Seoul.
Born:Joanne Winter, American baseball pitcher for the
Racine Belles of the
AAGPBL, and the league's all-time career leader in innings pitched (2159) and pitching appearances (287); in
Chicago (d. 1996)
Dr.
John Beard, 66, Scottish embryologist known for his disproved theory that
cancer could be treated successfully by use of pancreatic enzymes, died from a stroke.[106]
Radio stations in the United States broadcast an "hour of silence" between 10 and 11 p.m., setting it aside for international broadcasting tests. Listeners as far west as
Duluth, Minnesota reported being able to hear broadcasting from England, France and Spain.[108]
Noël Coward's play The Vortex premiered in
London at the Everyman Theatre at Hampstead. Playwright Coward included himself in the initial cast in the role of Nicky Lancaster.[110]
The verdicts in the
trial of the 149 were read in
Estonia after a 17-day trial, with convictions of high treason for representatives of labor organizations who had been arrested at "The Workers' Cellar" club on January 21, and who were accused of founding the anti-government "Workers' United Front" (Töörahva Ühine Väerind).[117] Seven people were acquitted and all the others were sentenced to varying terms of either prison or forced labour. Of the group, 39 people were sentenced to life imprisonment, including
Hendrik Allik,
Vladimir Kangur,
Paul Keerdo,
August Hansen,
Joosep Saat,
Olga Künnapuu,
Oskar Sepre,
Arnold Veimer and
Georg Abels. The surviving defendants would be pardoned in 1938 by Estonia's President
Konstantin Päts.[118]
In Wales, five coal miners were killed at the
Killan Colliery at
Swansea when an inrush of water flooded the underground mine. Eight other miners trapped by the flood were able to survive by finding an air pocket.
Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 10, was given its first performance, premiering in Amsterdam more than 13 years after Mahler had died without completely finishing his composition. Following full elaboration and orchestration of the draft, the completed version was conducted by
Willem Mengelberg.[120]
Died:Stefan Toshev, 64, Bulgarian Army General and leader of the Bulgarian 3rd Army during World War One
November 28, 1924 (Friday)
The Fascist Party newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia warned that
civil war would break out in Italy unless the opposition ceased its "campaign of defamation" against the Fasicists.[122]
Dennis Brutus, white South African rights activist known for successfully getting apartheid-era South Africa banned from the Olympic Games in 1964; in
Salisbury,
Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) (d. 2009)
The
Little Khural, the five member collective head of state of the Mongolian People's Republic, held its first meeting, and selected
Peljidiin Genden as its Chairman.[124]
Tokyo Broadcasting Station, one of three radio stations that would join forces to create the Japanese radio and television network
NHK in 1926, was founded by former
Tokyo Mayor
Gotō Shinpei.[125][126] The station began broadcasting four months later, on March 22, 1925. On August 6, 1926, Tokyo Broadcasting merged with stations in
Osaka and
Nagoya to form Nippon Hōsō Kyōka.
The Office international du vin (OIV) was formed in Paris by an agreement of eight wine-producing nations (Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, France, Hungary, Luxembourg and Tunisia).[127]
The first "
fax" sent across the ocean was transmitted from New York City to London as
Richard H. Ranger's "
wireless photogram" device transmitted a photograph of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge.
Born:
Domingo Liotta, Argentine heart surgeon and inventor known for creating the Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD), the first
artificial heart device; in
Diamante (d. 2002)
Died:Giacomo Puccini, 66, Italian opera composer known for La bohème (1896) and Tosca (1900), died in
Brussels of complications from surgery for cancer.
November 30, 1924 (Sunday)
The
1924 NFL season officially ended with the
Cleveland Bulldogs as champions based on having the best record (7-1-1) for an .875 winning percentage. Second place went to the
Chicago Bears (6-1-4 or .857), whom Cleveland had defeated, 16 to 14, in the Bulldogs' first game on October 5.
Hannen Swaffer, the editor of the British newspaper The People recounted a
séance he had attended along with
Arthur Conan Doyle,
Sir Robert McAlpine and others. Swaffer said that the medium contacted
Lord Northcliffe, who admitted that Doyle was right about life beyond the grave. "I distrusted your judgement, but I see now how wrong I was", the spirit voice of Northcliffe was quoted as saying.[131]
Born:
Shirley Chisholm, American politician who became, in 1968, the first African-American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress, representing the 12th district for New York; in
Brooklyn,
New York City (d.2005)
^Said., Zahlan, Rosemarie (2016). The Origins of the United Arab Emirates : a Political and Social History of the Trucial States.
Taylor and Francis. p. 184.
ISBN9781317244653.
OCLC945874284.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^Ashworth, Chris (1992). RAF Coastal Command: 1936–1969. Patrick Stephens Ltd. pp. 152–155.
^Cameron, Laura and Forrester, John. "'A nice type of the English scientist': Tansley and Freud." Dreams and History: The Interpretation of Dreams from Ancient Greece to Modern Psychoanalysis. Ed. Daniel Pick and Lyndal Roper. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2004. 220.
ISBN1-58391-282-7.
^Vulliamy, Ed (1994).
Seasons in Hell: Understanding Bosnia's War. Simon & Schuster, Limited. p. 35.
ISBN978-0-671-71345-4 – via Google Books. A wave of violence was unleashed against Muslims in the early 1920s. Three thousand extrajudicial murders were chronicled in 1924 in eastern Herzegovina alone, 600 of them during the massacre of two villages, Sahovici and Pavino Polje.
^Day, Donald (November 10, 1924). "Russia Tries to Curb Esthonian Trial of Reds". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 23.
^Keefe, Rose (2003). Guns and Roses: The Untold Story of Dean O'Banion, Chicago's Big Shot before Al Capone. Cumberland House.
ISBN1-58182-378-9.
^Toledo, Josefina (2002). Lola Rodríguez de Tió - Contribución para un estudio integral [Lola Rodríguez de Tió - Contribution for a comprehensive study] (in Spanish).
San Juan, Puerto Rico: Librería Editorial Ateneo.
^Rue, Larry (November 13, 1924). "Parliament of Italy Shunned by 185 Members". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
^Rue, Larry (November 24, 1924). "Mussolini, the Eagle, Coos Like Dove; Saves Job". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 15.
^Chua, Z.B. (June 11, 2020).
"Actress Anita Linda, 95". BusinessWorld. BusinessWorld. Archived from
the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
^Tobias, P. V. (1998). "Ape-Like Australopithecus After Seventy Years: Was It a Hominid?". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 4 (2): 283–308.
doi:
10.2307/3034503.
JSTOR3034503.
^Berger, L. R. (2006). "Brief Communication: Predatory bird damage to the Taung type-skull of Australopithecus africanus Dart 1925". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 13 (2): 166–168.
doi:
10.1002/ajpa.20415.
PMID16739138.
^Gray, Jack (2002). Rebellions and Revolutions: China from the 1800s to 2000. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 186–187.
ISBN978-0-19-870069-2.
^"New Cabinet in Egypt; League to Get Protest". Chicago Daily Tribune. November 25, 1924. p. 1.
^Adam Wood, Swanson: The Life and Times of A Victorian Detective (Mango Books, 2019)
^"The Tenth Symphony: Analysis of its Composition and 'Performing Versions' ", by Jörg Rothkamm, in The Cambridge Companion to Mahler, ed. by Jeremy Barham (Cambridge University Press, 2007) pp. 150–161