From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemical compound
Naphazoline is a medicine used as a
decongestant , and a
vasoconstrictor added to
eye drops to relieve
red eye . It has a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to
mucous membranes . It is a
sympathomimetic agent with marked
alpha adrenergic activity that acts on alpha-receptors in the
arterioles of the
conjunctiva to produce constriction, resulting in decreased congestion.
It was patented in 1934 and came into medical use in 1942.
[1]
Medical uses
Red eyes can be treated with naphazoline.
Nasal administration
Nasal
decongestant .
[2]
Ophthalmic drug administration
Eye drops (brand names Clear Eyes, and Cleari) narrowing swollen blood vessels (
ophthalmic arteries , and
ophthalmic veins ) to relieve
red eye .
[2]
Temporary red eye can safely be treated when the cause of the redness is established (e.g.
cannabis induced corneal vasodilation).
[3] However, continuous use is not recommended without knowing an underlying condition.
Side effects
A few warnings and
contraindications that apply to all naphazoline-containing substances intended for medicinal use are:
Nasal administration
Ophthalmic drug administration
Known side-effect:
[5]
[6]
Contraindications
Pharmacology
Naphazoline is a mixed
α1 - and
α2 -adrenergic receptor
agonist .
[2]
Chemistry
The non-hydrochloride form of Naphazoline has the
molecular formula C14 H14 N2 and a
molar mass of 210.28 g/mol. The HCl salt form has a molar mass of 246.73 g/mol.
Society and culture
It is an
active ingredient in several
over-the-counter
eye drop formulations including Clear Eyes,
Rohto , Eucool, and
Naphcon-A .
[7]
Illicit use
The nasal or ophthalmic form of naphazoline has been abused by
heroin or
cocaine
drug addicts .
[8]
[9] It's used as
CNS stimulant and
vasoconstrictor to enhance primary drug effects.
[9]
References
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
Analogue-based Drug Discovery . John Wiley & Sons. p. 552.
ISBN
9783527607495 .
^
a
b
c Hosten LO, Snyder C (2020).
"Over-the-Counter Ocular Decongestants in the United States - Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Utility for Management of Ocular Redness" . Clinical Optometry . 12 : 95–105.
doi :
10.2147/OPTO.S259398 .
PMC
7399465 .
PMID
32801982 .
^ Yazulla S (September 2008).
"Endocannabinoids in the retina: from marijuana to neuroprotection" . Progress in Retinal and Eye Research . 27 (5): 501–526.
doi :
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.07.002 .
PMC
2584875 .
PMID
18725316 .
^ Zavala JA, Pereira ER, Zétola VH, Teive HA, Nóvak EM, Werneck LC (September 2004).
"Hemorrhagic stroke after naphazoline exposition: case report" . Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria . 62 (3B): 889–891.
doi :
10.1590/S0004-282X2004000500030 .
PMID
15476091 .
^
"Naphazoline - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses" . Drugs.com .
^
"naphazoline ophthalmic (eye): Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD" . www.webmd.com .
^ Green SM (2008). "Ophthalmology: Naphazoline". Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2009 . Jones and Bartlett.
ISBN
978-0-7637-6572-9 .
^ van Montfrans GA, van Steenwijk RP, Vyth A, Borst C (1981). "Intravenous naphazoline intoxication". Acta Medica Scandinavica . 209 (5): 429–430.
doi :
10.1111/j.0954-6820.1981.tb11622.x .
PMID
7246278 .
^
a
b
"Naphazoline abuse" . Reactions Weekly . 1815 (1): 251. 2020-08-01.
doi :
10.1007/s40278-020-81577-1 .
ISSN
1179-2051 .
S2CID
195174995 .
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