From top left, clockwise: the crew of
STS-107 perished when the
Space Shuttle Columbia
disintegrated during
reentry into
Earth's atmosphere ;
SARS became an
epidemic in
China , and was a precursor to
SARS-CoV-2 ;
Myspace launches becoming one of the first major social media platforms;
protests in
London against the
invasion of Iraq ; a drained river in France during the
European heatwave ; an
earthquake in
Bam, Iran kills 30,000 people;
abuse and torture of
Iraqi prisoners at
Abu Ghraib prison by U.S. personnel; a statue of
Saddam Hussein is
toppled in Baghdad after his regime was deposed during the
Iraq War .
Calendar year
2003 (
MMIII ) was a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar , the 2003rd year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 3rd year of the
3rd millennium and the
21st century , and the 4th year of the
2000s decade.
Calendar year
2003 was designated by the
United Nations as the International Year of
Freshwater
[1]
In 2003, a
United States-led coalition
invaded Iraq , starting the
Iraq War .
The
world population on January 1, 2003, was estimated to be 6.272 billion people and increased to 6.353 billion people by January 1, 2004.
[2] An estimated 134.0 million births and 52.5 million deaths took place in 2003.
[2] The average global
life expectancy was 67.1 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2002.
[2] The rate of
child mortality was 6.85%, a decrease of 0.27
pp from 2002.
[3] 25.54% of people were living in
extreme poverty , a decrease of 1.31pp from 2002
[4]
There were approximately 10.6 million global refugees at the beginning of 2003, and the number was reduced to 9.7 million refugees by the end of the year.
[5] Afghanistan was the largest source of refugees, with a total of 2.1 million at the end of the year.
[5]
There were 29 armed conflicts affecting 22 countries in 2003. This was a net decrease from 31 conflicts in 2002.
[6] : 625 The deadliest conflicts were in Iraq,
Kashmir , Liberia, Nepal, and Sudan.
[6] : 627
The
Colombian conflict against two Marxist militant groups—the
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and the
National Liberation Army —escalated in 2003.
[7] : 101 The government negotiated an agreement for the right-wing militant group
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia to disband as a means to deescalate the conflict.
[7] : 102
The
First Ivorian Civil War was halted in 2003 amid a ceasefire while France and the states of
ECOWAS intervened. Peace talks fell apart on March 7 until the ceasefire was restored on May 3, only to be broken again on September 23. The war was left in a frozen state at the end of 2003 with rebels controlling parts of the country.
[7] : 115–116 The
Second Liberian Civil War against
Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy escalated when the
Movement for Democracy in Liberia split off as its own faction.
[7] : 116 President
Charles Taylor resigned on August 2, allowing a peace agreement to take place on August 18.
[7] : 118
The Indonesian
insurgency in Aceh escalated when a demilitarization agreement failed and the government renewed its offensive in May.
[7] : 126 The
Moro conflict in the Philippines deescalated when the Philippine government agreed to peace talks with the
Moro Islamic Liberation Front in July, though conflicts with other groups continued.
[7] : 129
The
Sri Lankan Civil War continued in 2003 as peace talks failed, and long-running civil wars
in Burundi and
in Uganda both escalated.
[7] : 107–112 The
Second Sudanese Civil War escalated as new militant groups joined the conflict,
[6] : 628 though a security agreement was reached between the
National Islamic Front and the
Sudan People's Liberation Movement on September 25.
[7] : 119 The
Second Chechen War continued in Russia: the Russian government held a referendum for a new Chechen constitution and offered amnesty for Chechen rebels, but terror attacks continued.
[7] : 125
Only two inter-state conflicts took place in 2003: the
Iraq War and the
Kashmir conflict . The Kashmir conflict saw progress toward resolution in 2003 as negotiations began and a ceasefire took effect on November 23.
[7] : 95 A coalition of countries led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia led an
invasion of Iraq beginning on March 20, warning that Iraq had been
operating a program to develop
weapons of mass destruction . The subsequent Iraq War became the most publicized conflict in 2003.
[6] : 627–628
The
Second Intifada continued into 2003 as conflict between Israel and Palestine killed 400 people in suicide bombings by Palestinians and military strikes by the
Israel Defense Forces .
[7] : 104
The highest-grossing films globally in 2003 were
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King ,
Finding Nemo , and
The Matrix Reloaded . The highest-grossing non-English film was
Bayside Shakedown 2 (Japanese), the 39th highest-grossing film of the year.
[8] Critically acclaimed films from 2003 include Finding Nemo ,
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
Lost in Translation ,
[9]
[11]
[13] and
Master and Commander .
[9]
[10]
[13]
Music sales in 2003 amounted to about 2.7 billion units, a decline of 6.5% from 2002.
DVD music video thrived in 2003 at the expense of singles and
cassettes .
[14] Globally, the best-selling albums of the year were
Come Away with Me by
Norah Jones ,
Get Rich or Die Tryin' by
50 Cent , and
Meteora by
Linkin Park . No non-English albums were among the global top fifty albums sold in 2003.
[15]
Golf saw an upset when
Ben Curtis defeated some of the sport's top players in his first major competition at the
2003 Open Championship . Tennis players
Roger Federer and
Andy Roddick won their first
Grand Slams in 2003.
[16]
The global economy improved in the second half of 2003 as it recovered from the
early 2000s recession , brought about by low
interest rates and
expansionary fiscal policy . The United States led the recovery, while China and Japan also made significant contributions. The economic situation improved in Latin America and Africa, while Western Europe saw slower recovery. The
gross world product increased by 2.5% in 2003, and
international trade increased by 4.75%. The prices of non-fuel commodities, such as metal, minerals, and agricultural materials, increased during the year.
[17]
2003 tied with
2002 as the second hottest year on record, behind only
1998 . The year began during an
El Niño period that continued until April.
A major heatwave occurred in Europe during the summer, causing approximately 70,000 deaths, 14,000 in France alone.
Severe cold weather affected Asia, North America, and Peru. 2003 saw low precipitation, causing droughts in Australia, the United States, and Zimbabwe. The previous year's droughts in Asia were alleviated by heavy precipitation in the region.
[18]
Major earthquakes in 2003 included
a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in Algeria on May 21 that killed over 2,200 people and
a magnitude 6.6 earthquake in Iran on December 26 that killed about 50,000 people.
[19]
The
2003 Atlantic hurricane season was above average in activity, including sixteen
named storms of which seven were hurricanes. The most severe hurricanes were
Hurricane Fabian ,
Hurricane Isabel , and
Hurricane Kate .
Tropical Storm Ana was the first recorded North Atlantic tropical storm to occur in April, and 2003 was the first year since 1887 to have two tropical storms occur in December.
[20] The
2003 Pacific typhoon season was slightly more intense than average, though the overall number of tropical storms was below average with 23 total storms. The most destructive typhoons were
Typhoon Dujuan , which made landfall in
Guangdong , China, on September 2, and
Typhoon Maemi , which made landfall in South Korea on September 12.
[21]
The
World Health Organization set "shaping the future" as its health focus for 2003, seeking to improve health systems and
primary health care for the poor.
[22]
February 1 – At the conclusion of the
STS-107 mission, the
Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry over
Texas , killing all seven astronauts on board.
[28]
February 4 – The
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is renamed to "Serbia and Montenegro" (after its two constituent states) after its leaders reconstitute the country into a loose state-union between
Montenegro and
Serbia , marking an end to the 73-year-long use of the name "Yugoslavia" by a sovereign state.
[29]
[30]
[31]
February 5 – U.S. Secretary of State
Colin Powell speaks to the United Nations presenting the case for a military invasion of
Iraq . It will later be discovered that the
Bush administration misled him when preparing his testimony.
[32]
February 7 –
2003 El Nogal Club bombing : A car bomb goes off in the garage of the El Nogal club in
Bogotá , Colombia, killing 36 people and injuring hundreds.
[33]
February 9 –
March 23 – The
2003 Cricket World Cup is held in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Kenya with Australia defeating India in the final.
February 15 –
16 –
Antwerp diamond heist : An Italian gang steals loose diamonds, gold and jewellery valued at more than $100 million from a Belgian vault, one of the largest robberies in history.
[34]
[35]
February 15 – Millions of people worldwide take part in massive
anti-war protests in anticipation of the United States and its allies invading
Iraq to overthrow
Saddam Hussein 's regime.
[36]
February 18 – An arsonist
sets fire to a subway train in Daegu, South Korea, killing 192 people.
[37]
February 19 – An
Ilyushin Il-76 plane
crashes near
Kerman Airport in Iran, killing 270 military personnel.
[38]
February 20 – A pyrotechnics accident during a
Great White concert causes
a fire at a nightclub in
West Warwick, Rhode Island , killing 100 people.
[39]
February 24 –
2003 Bachu earthquake : A 6.8 Mw earthquake strikes in
Xinjiang , killing 257 people.
[40]
February 26 – The
War in Darfur begins after rebel groups rise up against the Sudanese government.
[41]
February 27 – Former Bosnian Serb leader
Biljana Plavšić is sentenced by the United Nations
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to 11 years in prison for war crimes committed during the
Bosnian War .
[42]
April 9 – U.S. forces
seize control of Baghdad , ending the rule of Saddam Hussein.
[48]
April 12 –
Hungary approves joining the European Union in
a referendum .
[51]
April 14 – The
Human Genome Project is completed, with 99% of the human
genome sequenced to 99.99% accuracy.
[52]
April 16 – The
Treaty of Accession
[53] is signed in Athens between the
European Union and ten countries (
Czech Republic ,
Estonia ,
Cyprus ,
Latvia ,
Lithuania ,
Hungary ,
Malta ,
Poland ,
Slovenia and
Slovakia ), concerning these countries' accession into the EU, leading to the 2004
enlargement of the European Union .
April 17 –
Anneli Jäätteenmäki takes office as the first female
prime minister of Finland .
[54]
April 18 – Indian Prime Minister
Atal Bihari Vajpayee visits Kashmir and expresses support for peace negotiations with Pakistan.
[7] : 95
April 20 –
Tropical Storm Ana becomes the first recorded North Atlantic tropical storm to occur in April.
[20]
April 21 – The
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam end peace talks in the
Sri Lankan Civil War .
[7] : 107
April 27 –
Nicanor Duarte Frutos is elected president over
Julio César Franco in the
2003 Paraguayan general election .
[55]
April 29 – The United States announces the withdrawal of its troops stationed in
Saudi Arabia , and the redeployment of some at the
Al Udeid Air Base in
Qatar .
[56]
May 1
May 11
May 12
May 15 –
2003 Argentine general election :
Néstor Kirchner becomes president-elect of Argentina after
Carlos Menem withdraws from the runoff election.
[64]
May 16 –
2003 Casablanca bombings : Islamist militants affiliated with
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb carry out a series of suicide bombings in
Casablanca , Morocco, killing at least 41 people.
[65]
May 17 –
Slovakia approves joining the European Union in
a referendum .
[66]
May 21 – The 6.8 Mw
Boumerdès earthquake strikes in Algeria, killing over 2,200 people.
[19]
May 23 –
Dewey , the world's first
cloned
deer is born, at
Texas A&M University .
[67]
May 24 – The
Eurovision Song Contest 2003 takes place in
Riga ,
Latvia , and is won by
Turkish entrant
Sertab Erener with the song "
Everyway That I Can ".
[68]
May 26 – A
constitutional referendum is held in Rwanda.
[69]
May 28 –
Prometea , the world's first cloned
horse , is born.
[70]
July–August –
2003 European heat wave : Europe experiences its hottest summer in over five centuries.
[78]
July 1 –
Tesla Inc. , the American electric car company, is founded by
Martin Eberhard and
Marc Tarpenning in San Carlos, California.
[79]
[80]
July 2 – The
International Olympic Committee awards
Vancouver the right to host the
2010 Winter Olympics .
[81]
July 4 –
2003 Quetta mosque bombing : Islamist militants attack a Shia mosque in
Quetta , Pakistan, killing at least 44 people.
[82]
July 5 – Severe acute respiratory syndrome is declared to be contained by the World Health Organization.
[83]
July 6
July 10 – The existence of
PSR B1620−26 b , the oldest known exoplanet in the galaxy, is confirmed using observations from the
Hubble Space Telescope .
[86]
July 13 – The
Iraqi Governing Council is created by the United States as an ethnically diverse provisional government of Iraq.
[87]
July 14 –
Robert Novak identifies
Valerie Plame as a covert CIA agent, initiating a scandal known as the
Plame affair .
[88]
July 15 – The
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia agrees to disband.
[7] : 102
July 16 – Major
Fernando Pereira leads
a failed coup in São Tomé and Príncipe.
[89]
July 18 – The
Convention on the Future of Europe finishes its work and proposes the first European Constitution.
[90]
July 24 – The
Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands , led by
Australia , begins after ethnic violence engulfs the island country.
[91]
July 27 –
Oakwood mutiny : Philippine military officers lead approximately 300 soldiers a failed coup.
[92]
September 2 –
Typhoon Dujuan makes landfall in
Guangdong as a category 1 typhoon with sustained winds of 90 mph.
[21]
September 5 –
Hurricane Fabian strikes Bermuda.
[20]
September 12 –
Typhoon Maemi , makes landfall in South Korea as a category 3 typhoon with sustained winds of 125 mph.
[21]
September 14
September 15 –
ELN rebels kidnap eight foreign tourists at
Ciudad Perdida ,
Colombia , being freed 100 days later following negotiations with the Colombian government.
[106]
September 18 –
Hurricane Isabel makes landfall in
North Carolina .
[20]
September 20 –
Latvia approves joining the European Union in
a referendum .
[107]
September 24 – The
Hubble Space Telescope starts the
Hubble Ultra-Deep Field , making 800 exposures, until January 16, 2004.
[108]
September 27 –
SMART-1 , an
ESA spaceprobe and ESA's first mission to the moon, is launched from
Kourou ,
French Guiana .
[109]
September 28 –
2003 Italy blackout : Power goes out across the
Italian Peninsula for approximately 12 hours, affecting nearly all of the country's 57 million people.
[110]
New English words and terms
anti-cultural
baby bump
Big Rip
binge-watch
botnet
darmstadtium
electronic cigarette
flash mob
iraimbilanja
manscaping
MERS
muffin top
netroots
SARS
unfriend
[131]
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