Ammonium ferric citrate (also known as ferric ammonium citrate or ammoniacal ferrous citrate) has the formula [NH+45[Fe(C6H4O7)25−. The
iron in this compound is
trivalent. All three
carboxyl groups and the central
hydroxyl group of citric acid are
deprotonated. A distinguishing feature of this compound is that it is very soluble in water, in contrast to
ferric citrate which is not very soluble.[3]
In its crystal structure each
moiety of
citric acid has lost four protons. The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group coordinates with the ammonium.[1]
Uses
Ammonium ferric citrate has a range of uses, including:
As a food ingredient, it has an
INS number 381, and is used as an
acidity regulator.[4] Most notably used in the Scottish beverage
Irn-Bru.
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Matzapetakis, M.; Raptopoulou, C. P.; Tsohos, A.; Papaefthymiou, V.; Moon, N.; Salifoglou, A. (1998). "Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of the First Mononuclear, Water Soluble Iron−Citrate Complex, (NH4)5Fe(C6H4O7)2·2H2O". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (50): 13266–13267.
doi:
10.1021/ja9807035.