DunaâPogaya | |
---|---|
DunaâBogaia | |
Geographic distribution | Hela Province, Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification |
TransâNew Guinea
|
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | None |
Map: The DunaâPogaya languages of New Guinea
The DunaâPogaya languages
Other TransâNew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The DunaâPogaya (DunaâBogaia) languages are a proposed small family of TransâNew Guinea languages in the classification of Voorhoeve (1975), Ross (2005) and Usher (2018), consisting of two languages, Duna and Bogaya, which in turn form a branch of the larger TransâNew Guinea family. [1] Glottolog, which is based largely on Usher, however finds the connections between the two languages to be tenuous, and the connection to TNG unconvincing. [2]
Duna has had significant influence on Bogaya due to the socioeconomic dominance of Duna speakers over the less populous, less influential Bogaya speakers. [3] Duna also has much more influence from Huli (a widely spoken Trans-New Guinea language) at 27â32 percent lexical similarity with Huli, while Duna has only 5-10 percent. [3]
Pronouns are:
sg | du | pl | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | *nĂł | *ge-na | *i-nu |
2 | *gĂł | ||
3 | *kĂł | *ki-nu |
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), [4] Shaw (1973), [5] and Shaw (1986), [6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [7]
gloss | Bogaya | Duna |
---|---|---|
head | yeÄŸÊ; yela | kuni |
hair | heepi; yeÄŸÊ eÄŸika | hini |
ear | hona; hÉnÊn | kÉhane; konane |
eye | kina; kiËnÊn | le |
nose | kuuma; pfouÄŸu | kuma |
tooth | yagai; yÊkÊi | ne; nee |
tongue | iki; É©kin | ogone; ÉgÉne |
leg | yehei; yehÊi | tia |
louse | fando; fiÄŸÊ | tete |
dog | Év̧Épi; yau | yawi |
pig | ÊpÊn | isa |
bird | aka; pitÊkÊ | heka |
egg | oondi; pitÊkÊ ÉÌudi | hapa |
blood | sokoya; yesÊ | kuyila |
bone | hakale; hÊv̧ÊÄŸe | kuni |
skin | hugwa; hukuÊn | pulu |
breast | alu; ÊÄŸu | abu; adu; amu |
tree | dowa; tÉuÊ | lowa; lÉwa |
man | ami; ÊmÄ© | anoa; anÉa |
woman | Ä©miÊ; imya | ima |
sun | owa; Éwa | hewa |
moon | kaiyuu; kÊiu | eke |
water | paiyuku; pÊiuku | yu |
fire | dowada; tÉun | lÉwa kiliana; lowa puru |
stone | haana; hÊnÊ | kana; kuna |
name | ÊmÄ©n; yaga | yaka |
eat | nĂŁ; nosii | nai-; neyana |
one | mÉsÊ kÉmÊ; moso | du |
two | efÊn; yeefa | yapa |
Duna reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: [3]