Inland Gulf | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | New Guinea |
Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | inla1262 |
Map: The Inland Gulf languages of New Guinea
The Inland Gulf languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The Inland Gulf languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005). The unity of the languages was established by K. Franklin in 1969. Although the family as a whole is clearly valid, Ipiko is quite distinct from the other languages.
Karami was once included, due to a large number of loanwords from Minanibai, but is best left unclassified for now.
Mahigi is also included by Pawley and Hammarström (2018). [2]
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: [3]
*m | *n | ||
*p | *t | *k | |
*b | *d | *g | |
*ɸ | *s | ||
*w | [*ɾ] | *j | *ɣ̃ |
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
The pronouns are: [3]
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1 | *no | *ni |
2 | *ɣ̃o | *jo |
3m | *ete | *eti |
3f | *etu |
Inland Gulf reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma: [2]