From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Chimerin 2 (beta-chimaerin ) is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the CHN2
gene .
[4]
[5]
This gene is a member of the
chimerin family and encodes a protein with a
phorbol-ester /
diacylglycerol -type
zinc finger , a Rho-GAP domain and an SH2 domain. This protein has
GTPase -activating protein activity that is regulated by phospholipid binding and binding of diacylglycerol (DAG) induces translocation of the protein from the
cytosol to the
Golgi apparatus membrane. The protein plays a role in the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. Decreased expression of this gene is associated with high-grade gliomas and breast tumors, and increased expression of this gene is associated with lymphomas. Mutations in this gene have been associated with schizophrenia in men. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
[5]
References
Further reading
Yuan S, Miller DW, Barnett GH, et al. (1995). "Identification and characterization of human beta 2-chimaerin: association with malignant transformation in astrocytoma". Cancer Res . 55 (15): 3456–61.
PMID
7614486 .
Caloca MJ, Fernandez N, Lewin NE, et al. (1997).
"Beta2-chimaerin is a high affinity receptor for the phorbol ester tumor promoters" . J. Biol. Chem . 272 (42): 26488–96.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.272.42.26488 .
PMID
9334226 .
Caloca MJ, Garcia-Bermejo ML, Blumberg PM, et al. (1999).
"beta2-chimaerin is a novel target for diacylglycerol: binding properties and changes in subcellular localization mediated by ligand binding to its C1 domain" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 96 (21): 11854–9.
Bibcode :
1999PNAS...9611854J .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.96.21.11854 .
PMC
18376 .
PMID
10518540 .
Caloca MJ, Wang H, Delemos A, et al. (2001).
"Phorbol esters and related analogs regulate the subcellular localization of beta 2-chimaerin, a non-protein kinase C phorbol ester receptor" . J. Biol. Chem . 276 (21): 18303–12.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M011368200 .
PMID
11278894 .
Wang H, Kazanietz MG (2002).
"Chimaerins, novel non-protein kinase C phorbol ester receptors, associate with Tmp21-I (p23): evidence for a novel anchoring mechanism involving the chimaerin C1 domain" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (6): 4541–50.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M107150200 .
PMID
11689559 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003).
"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903.
Bibcode :
2002PNAS...9916899M .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.242603899 .
PMC
139241 .
PMID
12477932 .
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003).
"Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology" . Science . 300 (5620): 767–72.
Bibcode :
2003Sci...300..767S .
doi :
10.1126/science.1083423 .
PMC
2882961 .
PMID
12690205 .
Nishiu M, Yanagawa R, Nakatsuka S, et al. (2003).
"Microarray analysis of gene-expression profiles in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: identification of genes related to disease progression" . Jpn. J. Cancer Res . 93 (8): 894–901.
doi :
10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01335.x .
PMC
5927108 .
PMID
12716467 .
Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, et al. (2003).
"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7" . Nature . 424 (6945): 157–64.
Bibcode :
2003Natur.424..157H .
doi :
10.1038/nature01782 .
PMID
12853948 .
Caloca MJ, Wang H, Kazanietz MG (2004).
"Characterization of the Rac-GAP (Rac-GTPase-activating protein) activity of beta2-chimaerin, a 'non-protein kinase C' phorbol ester receptor" . Biochem. J . 375 (Pt 2): 313–21.
doi :
10.1042/BJ20030727 .
PMC
1223697 .
PMID
12877655 .
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004).
"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs" . Nat. Genet . 36 (1): 40–5.
doi :
10.1038/ng1285 .
PMID
14702039 .
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004).
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)" . Genome Res . 14 (10B): 2121–7.
doi :
10.1101/gr.2596504 .
PMC
528928 .
PMID
15489334 .
Canagarajah B, Leskow FC, Ho JY, et al. (2004).
"Structural mechanism for lipid activation of the Rac-specific GAP, beta2-chimaerin" . Cell . 119 (3): 407–18.
doi :
10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.012 .
PMID
15507211 .
S2CID
10076951 .
Hashimoto R, Yoshida M, Kunugi H, et al. (2005). "A missense polymorphism (H204R) of a Rho GTPase-activating protein, the chimerin 2 gene, is associated with schizophrenia in men".
Schizophrenia Research . 73 (2–3): 383–5.
doi :
10.1016/j.schres.2004.01.017 .
PMID
15653288 .
S2CID
36432346 .
Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, et al. (2005). "High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells". Science . 307 (5715): 1621–5.
Bibcode :
2005Sci...307.1621B .
doi :
10.1126/science.1105776 .
PMID
15761153 .
S2CID
39457788 .
Yang C, Liu Y, Leskow FC, et al. (2005).
"Rac-GAP-dependent inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation by {beta}2-chimerin" . J. Biol. Chem . 280 (26): 24363–70.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.M411629200 .
PMID
15863513 .
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006).
"Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes" . Genome Res . 16 (1): 55–65.
doi :
10.1101/gr.4039406 .
PMC
1356129 .
PMID
16344560 .
Siliceo M, García-Bernal D, Carrasco S, et al. (2006).
"Beta2-chimaerin provides a diacylglycerol-dependent mechanism for regulation of adhesion and chemotaxis of T cells" (PDF) . J. Cell Sci . 119 (Pt 1): 141–52.
doi :
10.1242/jcs.02722 .
hdl :
10261/72248 .
PMID
16352660 .
S2CID
19107302 .
Yang C, Liu Y, Lemmon MA, Kazanietz MG (2006).
"Essential role for Rac in heregulin beta1 mitogenic signaling: a mechanism that involves epidermal growth factor receptor and is independent of ErbB4" . Mol. Cell. Biol . 26 (3): 831–42.
doi :
10.1128/MCB.26.3.831-842.2006 .
PMC
1347034 .
PMID
16428439 .