阳土猴年 (male Earth-
Monkey) 1675 or 1294 or 522 — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-
Rooster) 1676 or 1295 or 523
Year 1549 (MDXLIX) was a
common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Julian calendar. In the
Kingdom of England, it was known as "The Year of the Many-Headed Monster", because of the unusually high number of rebellions which occurred in the country.
January 11 – An uprising of the Diaguitas natives outside of the South American Spanish colonial city of
La Serena (now in Coquimbo province of Chile) begins. Within a day, the South American village is burned down and nearly every Spanish resident is killed.[2]
April 8 – Giovanni Angelo Medici is appointed as a Roman Catholic cardinal by
Pope Paul III, effective May 10. In 1559, Medici is elected as
Pope Pius IV.[6]
June 19 – In the war of the
Rough Wooing between Scotland and England, a Scottish and French force commanded by
André de Montalembert retakes the island of
Inchkeith, killing more than 300 soldiers from the English Army.
July 18 – (
Tenbun 18, 24th day of the 7th month) In the Battle of Eguchi, fought in Japan's
Settsu Province near
Osaka, General
Miyoshi Nagayoshi defies the Governor,
Hosokawa Harumoto to attack the Eguchi Castle of Nagayoshi's cousin,
Miyoshi Masanaga. After a 12-day battle, Miyoshi Masanaga is killed along with several of Hosokawa's other generals. Governor Hosokawa, fearing a reprisal, flees and eventually loses his authority over Settsu Province.[13]
July 27 – (
Tenbun 18, 3rd day of the 7th month) European Jesuit
Francis Xavier arrives in
Japan at the port of
Kagoshima, the first Christian missionary there, but is not allowed to go to shore until three weeks later.[15]
December 3 – The
papal conclave to decide on a successor to
Pope Paul III, goes into session in the
Apostolic Palace in Rome with 51 cardinal electors.Participants at the papal conclave agree to elect the next Pope by secret ballot.[20]
Although trade existed between the two beforehand, in this year the
Portuguese begin to send regular seasonal maritime trade missions to
Ming dynastyChina, at
Sao João Island (also known as Shangchuan Island) near
Macau.
Siege of Kajiki: firearms are used for the first time in a siege in Japanese history. (The previous year's
Battle of Uedahara was the first battle in which they were used.)
Excerpta antiqua is published by Hervagius at
Basel,
Switzerland.
^Rosen, Adrienne (2010). "Tudor Rebellions". In Tiller, Kate; Darkes, Giles (eds.). An Historical Atlas of Oxfordshire. Chipping Norton: Oxfordshire Record Society. pp. 82–3.
ISBN978-0-902509-68-9.
^"Hosokawa Harumoto", in The Japan Encyclopedia, ed. by Louis Frédéric (Harvard University Press, 2002) p. 358
^Kenneth M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III (The American Philosophical Society, 1984) p.509