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Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɲ̊⟩ in IPA
The voiceless palatal nasal is a type of
consonantal sound, used in some
spoken
languages . The symbols in the
International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɲ̊ ⟩ and ⟨ɲ̥ ⟩, which are combinations of the letter for the
voiced palatal nasal and a
diacritic indicating
voicelessness . The equivalent
X-SAMPA symbol is J_0
.
If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal may be transcribed as ⟨n̠̊ʲ ⟩ (devoiced,
retracted and
palatalized ⟨n ⟩), or ⟨ɲ̟̊ ⟩ (devoiced and
advanced ⟨ɲ ⟩); these are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are n_-'
or n_-_j
and J_0_+
, respectively. A non-IPA letter ⟨ȵ̊ ⟩ (devoiced ⟨ȵ ⟩, which is an ordinary "n", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ⟨
ɕ ,
ʑ ⟩ ) can also be used.
Features
Features of the voiceless palatal nasal:
Its
manner of articulation is
occlusive , which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also
nasal , the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
Its
place of articulation is
palatal , which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the
tongue raised to the
hard palate .
Its
phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is a
nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (
nasal stops ) or in addition to through the mouth.
It is a
central consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
The
airstream mechanism is
pulmonic , which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
intercostal muscles and
abdominal muscles , as in most sounds.
Occurrence
See also
Notes
References
Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese , Oxford University Press,
ISBN
978-0-19-922931-4
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013),
"Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF) , Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 43 (3): 363–379,
doi :
10.1017/S0025100313000157 [
permanent dead link ]
Ladefoged, Peter ;
Maddieson, Ian (1996).
The Sounds of the World's Languages . Oxford: Blackwell.
ISBN
0-631-19815-6 .
Ratliff, Martha (2003). "Hmong secret languages: themes and variations". In
Bradley, David ;
LaPolla, Randy ; Michialovsky, Boyd;
Thurgood, Graham (eds.). Language variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff .
Australian National University . pp. 21–34.
doi :
10.15144/PL-555.21 .
hdl :
1885/146727 .
ISBN
0-85883-540-1 .
Souza, Erick Marcelo Lima de (2012). Estudo fonológico da Língua Baniwa-Kuripako (Master's dissertation) (in Brazilian Portuguese). University of Campinas.
doi :
10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.898354 .
hdl :
20.500.12733/1619268 .
Þráinsson, Höskuldur; Petersen, Hjalmar P.; Jacobsen, Jógvan í Lon; Hansen, Zakaris Svabo (2012), Faroese – An Overview and Reference Grammar , Tórshavn: Føroya fróðskaparfelag,
ISBN
9789991841854
External links
IPA topics
IPA Special topics Encodings