The voiceless glottal affricate is a type of
consonantal sound, used in some
spokenlanguages. The symbols in the
International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ʔ͡h⟩ and ⟨ʔ͜h⟩, and the equivalent
X-SAMPA symbol is ?_h. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ʔh⟩ in the IPA and ?h in X-SAMPA.
Features
Features of the voiceless glottal affricate:
Its
manner of articulation is
affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its
phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is an
oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a
central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
^Hostetler, Roman and Hostetler, Carolyn. 1975. A Tentative Description of Tinputz Phonology. In Loving, Richard (ed.), Workers in Papua New Guinea Languages: Phonologies of Five Austronesian Languages. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
^Kaufman, Terrence. 1971. Tzeltal Phonology and Morphology. Berkeley / Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers,
ISBN9004103406
Yang, Shifeng (1969), A Report of Investigating Dialects in Yunnan Province [雲南方言調查報告]