The voiced labial–velar implosive is a rare type of consonantal sound. It occurs in
Lese, a language of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo.[1][2][3] According to Floyd (1981) and Clark (1990), both voiced and voiceless labial–velar implosives /É Í¡É“,ƙ͜ƥ/ occur in Central
Igbo.[4]
Features
Features of the voiced labial–velar implosive:
Its
manner of articulation is
occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no
nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a
plosive.
Its
place of articulation is
labial–velar, which means it is simultaneously articulated with the lips and with the back part of the
tongue (the dorsum) against the
soft palate (the velum). The dorsal closure is made and released slightly before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of their duration.
Its
phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an
oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a
central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
The
airstream mechanism is
implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the
glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.