Sovereign state
|
Predecessors
|
Afghanistan
|
Bactria (2200–549 BC) Part of
Median Kingdom/Empire (678–549 BC)
Part of
Achaemenid Empire (549–330 BC)
Kingdom of Kapisa (5th century BC – 7th century)
Part of
Macedonian Empire (549–256 BC)
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (256–150 BC)
Part of
Indo-Parthian Kingdom and the
Indo-Scythians (150 BC–30 AD)
Kushan Empire (30–320)
Kidarite Kingdom (320–500)
Alchon Huns Monarchy (380–560)
Kingdom of Rob
Hephtalite Monarchy (410–557)
Nezak Hun Kingdom (484–711)
Part of
Sasanian Empire (500–661)
Part of
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of
Abbasid Caliphate (750–821)
Farighunids (9th century–1010)
Part of
Tahirid Emirate (821–873)
Saffarid Emirate (873–1003)
Ghurid Sultanate (c.879–1215)
Ghaznavid Sultanate (1003–1163)
Nasrid dynasty of Sistan (1029–1225)
Part of the
Khwarazmian Empire (1163–1231)
Part of the
Mongol Empire (1231–1369)
Kart dynasty (1244–1381)
Timurid Empire (1369–1506)
Part of the
Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1709)
Hotak Emirate (1709–1738)
Part of the
Afsharid Empire (1738–1796)
Durrani Empire (1747–1826) (also called the Sadozai Kingdom and the Afghan Empire)
Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926)
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
Republic of Afghanistan (1973—1978)
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992) (renamed as "Republic of Afghanistan" in 1987)
[3]
Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) and
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) (
Taliban-ruled state)
[4]
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004) (provisional government)
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021–present)
|
Armenia
|
Hayasa-Azzi Confederation (1500 BC–1290 BC)
Kingdom of Arme-Shupria (1300 BC–1190 BC)
Nairi Confederation (1114 BC–860 BC)
Kingdom of Ararat (860 BC–590 BC)
Part of the
Median Empire (553–549)
Satrapy of Armenia, part of the
Achaemenid Empire (549 BC-330 BC)
Kingdom of Armenia (321 BC-114 AD)
Armenia, province of the
Roman Empire (114–118)
Kingdom of Armenia (118–428) Divided between the
Eastern Roman Empire on the
west, and the
east by the
Sasanian Empire(428–654)
Emirate of Arminiya (also known as Ostikanate of Arminiya), Province (largely autonomous
vassal principalities) of the
Umayyad and
Abbasid
Caliphates (654–884)
Kaysite dynasty (860–964)
Bragatid Kingdom of Armenia (883–1045)
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget (979–1118)
Kingdom of Vaspurakan (908–1021)
Kingdom of Syunik (987–1170)
Part of the
Eastern Roman Empire (1045–1071)
Part of the
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1071–1194)
Zakarid Principality of Armenia (1201–1360)
Part of the
Mongol Empire as its
territory (1243–1256)
Part of the
Ilkhanate (1256–1336)
Part of the
Chobanid Kingdom (1336–1357)
Part o the
Kara Koyunlu (1357–1468) Part of the
Safavid Empire (1501–1578) Part of the
Ottoman Empire (1578–1603) Part of the
Safavid Empire (1603–1724) Divided between the
Ottoman Empire and the
Russian Empire (1724–1730) Part of the
Safavid Empire (1730–1736) Part of the
Afsharid Empire (1736–1747)
Khanates of the Caucasus (1747–1827) Part of the
Russian Empire (1828–1917)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918)
First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1922)
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Republic of Armenia (1990–present) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union to 1991)
|
Azerbaijan
|
Part of
Scythian Kingdom (652–625 BC)
Part of
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Caucasian Albania (c.100s BC-730 AD)
Part of the
Khazar Khaganate (730–861)
Kingdom of Shirvan(861–1538)
Ruled by the
Sajid dynasty (889–929)
Part of the
Sallarid Kingdom (919–1062)
Shaddadids (951–1199)
Part of the
Rawadid Emirate (955–1071)
Hasanwayhid dynasty (959–1015)
Part of the
Great Seljuk Sultanate
Part of the
Kingdom of Georgia (1130–1238)
Atabegs of Azerbaijan (1091–1225)
Ahmadilis (1122–1225)
Part of the
Khwarazmian Kingdom/Sultanate (1225–1231)
Part of the
Mongol Empire (1231–1256)
Part of the
Ilkhanate (1256–1336)
Part of the
Chobanid Kingdom (1336–1357) Part of the
Kara Koyunlu (1357–1468) Part of the
Aq Qoyunlu (1468–1501) Part of the
Safavid Empire(1501–1578) Part of the
Ottoman Empire (1578–1603)
Elisu Sultanate (1604–1844) Part of the
Safavid Empire(1578–1723) Divided between the Ottoman Empire and the
Russian Empire (1724–1730) Part of the
Safavid Empire (1730–1736) Part of the
Afsharid Empire (1736–1747)
Khanates of the Caucasus (1747–1801) Part of the
Qajar Empire (1796–1813) Part of the
Russian Empire (1805–1917)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918)
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1922)
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
[5] (1936–1991) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–present)
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (1923–1991)
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (1991–2017)
Republic of Artsakh (2017–2023)
|
Bahrain
|
Dilmun civilization (4th millennium BC – 6th century BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (6th century BC – 3rd century BC)
Part of the
Parthian Empire (130 BC – 3rd century BC)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (3rd century AD – 899)
Part of the
Qarmatian Republic (899–976)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (976–1076)
Part of the
Uyunid Emirate (1076–1235)
Kingdom of Ormus (1200s–1622)
Ruled by the
Usfurid dynasty (1253–mid 1400s)
Ruled by the
Jarwanid dynasty (1300s–1400s)
Part of the
Jabrid Emirate (mid-1400s–1521)
Part of the
Portuguese Empire (1521–1602)
Part of the
Safavid Empire (1602–1717)
Part of the
Omani Empire (1717–1783)
In union with other states in the
Bani Utbah Confederation (1783–1861)
Sheikhdom of Bahrain and its Dependencies (1783–1971; since 1820 part of the
Trucial States under British protection, being part of the
British Empire)
State of Bahrain (1971–2002)
Kingdom of Bahrain (2002–present)
|
Bangladesh
|
Pundravardhana (1280 – 345 BC)
Vanga Kingdom (1100 – 340 BC)
Part of the
Kingdom of Magadha (340–319 BC)
Part of the
Maurya Empire (319–185 BC)
Part of
Kingdom of Samatata (232 BC – 800 AD)
Part of the
Shunga Kingdom (185 BC–73 BC)
Part of the
Kanva Kingdom (73 BC – 26 BC)
Bengal was divided between various kingdoms. (26 BC – 358 AD)
Part of the
Gupta Empire (358–590)
Part of
Kingdom of Kamarupa under the
Varman dynasty (350–655)
Jaintia Kingdom (500–1835)
Gauda Kingdom (590–626)
Bengal was divided between various kingdoms, like
Vanga and
Samatata (Both ruled by the
Khadga dynasty) (c. 650–c. 750)
Mallabhum kingdom (695–1946)
Pala Kingdom (c. 750–c. 1070)
Sena Kingdom (c.1070–1204)
Kingdom of Taraf (1200–1610)
Deva Kingdom (1204–1297)
Part of the
Delhi Sultanate (1235–1352)
Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
Bengal Subah (or Province of Bengal), part of the
Mughal Empire (1576–1757)
Ruled by the
Nawabs (Viceroys), (1717–1880) (nominally subordinate to the
Mughal Empire until 1757, and to the
British Empire after 1757 [The Nawabs lost ruling power after the
Battle of Plassey in 1757])
Bengal Presidency, part of the
Company rule in India (1757–1858) (part of the
British Empire)
Bengal Presidency, part of the
Indian Empire (1858–1947) (Part of the
British Empire)
East Bengal,
federated state of the
Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956), a
monarchical state in
personal union with the
United Kingdom
Federated state of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1956–1971) (as
East Pakistan)
[6]
People's Republic of Bangladesh (1971–present)
|
Bhutan
|
Kingdom of Bumthang (7th century–1616)
Kingdom of Bhutan (1616–present)
|
Brunei
|
Part of the
Kingdom of Srivijaya (c. 1000 AD – 1276 AD)
Part of the
Kingdom of Singhasari (1276–1294)
Part of the
Majapahit Kingdom (1294–1368)
Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)
Protectorate of Brunei (1888–1942) (
British protectorate, part of the
British Empire)
Occupied by the
Empire of Japan (1942–1945)
Protectorate of Brunei (1945–1984) (
British protectorate, part of the
British Empire)
Brunei Darussalam (official English full name; full name in
Malay Negara Brunei Darussalam, which means "Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace") (1984–present)
|
Cambodia
|
Kingdom of Funan (c.50/68 AD–550 AD)
Kingdom of Chenla (550–802)
Angkor Empire (802–1431)
Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863) and
Kingdom of Siam (1782–1867)
French Protectorate of Cambodia (1863–1953) (member of
French Indochina, a collection of Southeast Asian protectorates within the
French Empire 1887–1953)
French Indochina (1887–1946) (federation of colonial possessions of the
French Empire) Occupied by the
Empire of Japan (1945)
Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1982)
People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989)
Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (1982–1990, de jure government of Cambodia)
State of Cambodia (1989–1993) and
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1992–1993)
National Government of Cambodia (1990–1993)
Kingdom of Cambodia (1993–present)
|
Greater China
|
Mainland China
Xia Kingdom (semi-mythological; c. 2070–c. 1600 BC) (first
royal dynasty)
Shang Kingdom (c. 1600–c. 1046 BC)
Zhou Kingdom (c. 1046–221 BC)
Spring and Autumn period (771 BC-473 BC) (During this period, the power was decentralized and the power of the king of Zhou was just nominal. This period was marked by battles and annexations between some 170 small feudal states)
Divided in
Warring States (475 BC-221 BC) (As in the Spring and Autumn Period, the king of Zhou continued to play only a symbolic role. In fact, some feudal leaders had proclaimed themselves kings and proclaimed themselves independent of the king of Zhou.)
Qin Empire (221 BC-206 BC) (first
imperial dynasty) (Ying Zheng, king of Qin, after achieving the unification of the Chinese states, proclaimed himself the First Emperor of Qin,
Qin Shihuang).
Han Empire (206 BC-220 AD)
Kingdom of Minyue (334 BC–111 BC) (conquered by Han)
Kingdom of Nanyue (204 BC–111 BC) (conquered by Han)
Dian Kingdom (279 BCE–109 BCE) (conquered by Han)
Dong'ou (191–138 BC)
Cheng dynasty (25–36)
Divided in
Three Kingdoms (220–280) (The term "Three Kingdoms" is something of a misnomer, since each state was headed not by a king, but by an emperor who claimed suzerainty over all China)
Jin Empire (266–420) Divided in
North and South dynasties (386–590)
Sui Empire (581–618)
Tang Empire (618–907)
Yan dynasty (756–763) Divided in
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–960) (Five imperial dynasties in the north and ten kingdoms in the south. Some of the kings in the south claimed the title of emperor, such as the ones of
Former Shu and
Later Shu). Divided in
Great Liao Empire (907–1125),
Song Empire (960–1279) and
Great Jin Empire (1115–1234)
[7] Part of the
Mongol Empire (1206–1368)
Eastern Liao (1213–1269)
Eastern Xia (1215–1233)
Four Great Native Chiefdoms of Guizhou:
Luoshi Kingdom,
Mu'ege,
Chiefdom of Bozhou,
Chiefdom of Shuidong and
Chiefdom of Sizhou
Great Yuan Empire (ruled by a dynasty of descendants of
Genghis Khan)
[8] (1271–1368)
Western Xia Empire (1038–1227) (conquered by the Mongol Empire and inherited by the Yuan dynasty)
Dali Kingdom (937–1253) and
Dachanghe (902–928) (the successor state of
Nanzhao) (937–1253) (conquered by the Mongol Empire and inherited by the Yuan dynasty)
Great Ming Empire (1368–1644)
Shun dynasty (1644–1646)
Southern Ming (1644–1662)
Great Qing Empire, known internationally as Chinese Empire or China (short name)
[9]
[10] (1636–1912) (The
dynasty originated in
Manchuria and already conquered
Inner Mongolia in 1636 before the conquest of the territories under the
Ming dynasty in 1644)
Dzungar Khanate (1634–1755)(conquered by the Qing, that in the process annexed
Tibet in 1720,
Qinghai in 1723 and
Xinjiang in 1755 to China during the conquest)
Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
Republic of China (
Beiyang government 1912–1928) (
Nationalist government 1925–1948) (
Retreated to Taiwan
since 1949, still
holds partial control of
Fujian) (In 1946 the Republic of China recognized the independence of
Mongolia, that was
de facto independent since the collapse of the
Qing dynasty.
Tibet, that was in a similar situation than Mongolia, was never recognized as an independent country)
Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937)
People's Republic of China (1949–present,
state with limited recognition until 1971)(In 1997 the
United Kingdom returned
Hong Kong to the Chinese sovereignty, in 1999
Portugal also returned
Macau to the Chinese sovereignty)
Xinjiang
Uyghur Khaganate (744–840)
Jushi Kingdom
Shule Kingdom (200 BC – 790)
Kingdom of Khotan (56–1006)
Kingdom of Kucha (111–648)
Shanshan
Tuyuhun (284–670)
Qocho Kingdom (843 – 14th century)
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (894–1036)
Yarkent Khanate (1514–1705)
First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934)
Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949)
Tibet
Zhangzhung (500 BC – 625 AD)
Tibetan Empire (618–842)
Xiliangfu (906–1016)
Era of Fragmentation (842–1253)
Kingdom of Lingtsang (11th century–1959)
Kingdom of Powo (1330–1928)
Phagmodrupa dynasty (1354–1618)
Kingdom of Derge (15th century–1956)
Kingdom of Chakla (1407–1950)
Rinpungpa (1435–1565)
Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh (1460–1842)
Tsangpa dynasty (1565–1642)
Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717)
Ganden Phodrang (1642–1959)
Island of Taiwan
Kingdom of Middag (17th century) (coalition of
Taiwanese indigenous tribes; limited historical records)
Dutch Formosa (1624–1662) (first non-indigenous regime on the
island of Taiwan)
Spanish Formosa (1626–1642) (initially coexisted with Dutch Formosa, then annexed by Dutch Formosa)
Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683) (successor to Dutch Formosa; first
ethnic-Chinese regime in Taiwan)
Qing Taiwan (1683–1895) (dependency of the
Chinese Empire; 'Taiwan Prefecture' 1684–1887; 'Taiwan Province' 1887–1895)
Republic of Formosa (1895) (
proto-state; existed for approximately five months)
Japanese Taiwan (1895–1952) (dependency of the
Empire of Japan until 1945 de facto)
Republic of China (1945–present) (province of the
Republic of China,
state with limited recognition from 1971)
|
Cyprus
|
Part of the
New Kingdom of Assyria (911–669 BC)
Part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia (626–545 BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (545–321 BC)
Part of the
Empire of Alexander the Great (321–305 BC)
Part of the
Ptolemaic Kingdom (305–31 BC)
Cyprus, province of the
Roman Empire (31 BC-668 AD)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (668–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–965)
Theme of Cyprus, part of the
Eastern Roman Empire (965–1192)
Kingdom of Cyprus (1192–1489)
Part of the
Republic of Venice (1489–1571)
Eyalet of Cyprus (1571–1670) (
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Sanjak (county/district) of the
Eyalet of the Archipelago (1670–1703) (
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire) Cyprus,
fief of the
Grand Vizier of the
Ottoman Empire (1703–1745)
Eyalet of Cyprus (1745–1748) (
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Sanjak (county/district) of the
Eyalet of the Archipelago (1748–1867) (
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Sanjak (county/district) of the
Vilayet of the Archipelago (1867–1912) (
Vilayet (Province) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Crown Colony of Cyprus (1914–1960) (part of the
British Empire)
Republic of Cyprus (1960–present)
Provisional Turkish Cypriot Administration (1967–1974)
Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration (1974–1975)
Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (1975–1983)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1983–present)
|
Egypt
|
Information related to the
Sinai Peninsula:
18th–20th Dynasties of
Ancient Egypt, as the
New Kingdom of Egypt (1516–1190 BC)
25th Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the Nubian Dynasty, Part of the
Kingdom of Kush, (715 BC–656 BC)
26th Dynasty of
Late Period of Ancient Egypt, reunified the country (664–525 BC)
First Egyptian Satrapy, part of the
Achaemenid Empire as the
27th Dynasty (525–404 BC)
28th–30th Dynasties of
Late Period of Ancient Egypt (404–343 BC)
Second Egyptian Satrapy, part of the
Achaemenid Empire as the
31st Dynasty (343–332 BC)
Part of the
Macedonian Empire (
Argead dynasty) (332–323 BC)
Ptolemaic Kingdom (332–30 BC)
Part of the
Nabatean Kingdom (3rd century BC–106 AD)
Province of Egypt (30 BC-324 AD) (part of the
Roman Empire)
Province of Egypt (324–641) (part of the
Eastern Roman Empire)
Province of Egypt (619–629) (part of the
Sasanian Empire)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (641–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–868)
Tulunid Emirate of Egypt, the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt since the Ptolemaic dynasty (868–905)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (868–935)
Ikhshidid State of Egypt, Syria and Hejaz, autonomous state within the
Abbasid Caliphate (935–969)
Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (969–973)
Center of the
Fatimid Caliphate, second independent dynasty of Egypt in the
Middle Ages (973–1171)
Center of the
Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt, after the death of
Saladin), third independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (1171–1174)
Part of the
Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1174–1218)
Center of the
Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1218–1250)
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (two independent dynasties:
Baḥrī and
Burjī dynasties) (1250–1517)
Eyalet of Egypt,
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire (1517–1867) (the
Muhammad Ali dynasty became the hereditary governors [Wali] of the eyalet in 1805)
Occupied by the
First French Empire (1798–1801)
Khedivate of Egypt, a
de jure
Ottoman autonomous viceroyalty (the viceroys [khedives] was from the
Muhammad Ali dynasty)(
Occupied by the
British Empire from 1882 to 1922)(1867–1914)
Sultanate of Egypt (
Muhammad Ali dynasty), part of the
British Empire (
British protectorate) (1914–1922)
Kingdom of Egypt (
Muhammad Ali dynasty) (1922–1953)
Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)
United Arab Republic (In union with
Syria) (1958–1966)
Sinai Peninsula is part of the
State of Israel (1966–1982)
Sinai Peninsula is returned to the
Arab Republic of Egypt (1982–present)
|
Georgia
|
Colchis (13th century BC – 131 AD)
Kingdom of Iberia (302 BC–580 AD)
Kingdom of Lazica (131 AD-697)
Kingdom of Abkhazia (778–1008)
Principality of Iberia (588–888)
Emirate of Tbilisi (736–1122)
Kingdom of Hereti (893-1020s)
Kingdom of the Iberians (888–1008)
Kingdom of Kakheti (1014–1104)
Kingdom of Georgia, later the Georgian Empire (1008–1490)
Kingdom of Imereti (1455–1810)
Kingdom of Kakheti (1465–1762)
Kingdom of Kartli (1478–1762)
Samtskhe Atabegate (1266–1625)
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1800)
Principality of Abkhazia (1463–1810)
Principality of Guria (1460s–1810)
Principality of Mingrelia (1557–1803) Part of the
Russian Empire (1800–1917) (Georgian participation from 1800, conquest ended in 1810)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918)
Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1922) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union in 1922)
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Republic of Georgia (1990–1995) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union to 1991)
Georgia (1995–present)
Principality of Abkhazia (1463–1810)
Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (1921–1931)
Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1931–1991)
Republic of Abkhazia (1991–present)
Kingdom of Alania
South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (1922–1991)
Republic of South Ossetia (1991–present)
|
India
|
Indus Valley civilisation (c.3300 BC–c.1300 BC)
Inhabited by the
Cemetery H culture (1700 BC-1500 BC)
Indian Subcontinent was divided in
Janapadas (1500 BC-600 BC)
Indian Subcontinent was divided in 16 states called
Mahajanapadas (14 kingdoms and 2 oligarchic republics) (c.600 BC-345 BC)
Nanda Kingdom (5th or 4th century–322 BC) (it emerged when the Nanda dynasty dethroned the Shaishunaga dynasty in the
Magadha Kingdom, one of the 16 Mahajanapadas, who then sought to conquer and unify today's northern India)
Maurya Empire (322–185 BC)(The empire was founded when Chandragupta Maurya dethroned the last king of the Nanda dynasty, putting the Maurya dynasty in the power and continuing the military conquests in the Indian subcontinent. Political unity in verified historiography was first achieved by
Chandragupta Maurya)
Ancient Tamil Kingdoms:
Pandya dynasty (4th or 3rd century BC – 1618)
Chola dynasty (300s BC – 1280)
Chera dynasty (300 BC – 1528)
Ay kingdom (1st century – 10th century)
Pallava Empire (275–897)
Kalabhra dynasty (3rd century – 6th century)
Mushika dynasty
After the collapse of the Maurya Empire, India was divided between
various middle kingdoms (230 BC–1206 AD):
Yaudheya (5th century BC – 4th century AD)
Shunga Empire (185 to 78 BC)
Satavahana dynasty (Late 2nd century BC – Early 3rd century AD)
Kuninda Kingdom (2nd century BC – 3rd century AD)
Arjunayanas (2nd century BC – 6th century)
Mahameghavahana dynasty (2nd or 1st century BC – 4th century AD)
Chutu dynasty (125–345)
Mitra dynasty (150–50 BC)
Alupa dynasty (200–1444)
Abhira dynasty (203–315/370)
Andhra Ikshvaku (3rd–4th century)
Nagas of Padmavati (early 3rd–mid 4th century)
Vakataka Empire (250–500)
Gupta Empire (280–550)
Davaka kingdom (4th–6th century)
Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur (300s–1952),
Kadamba dynasty (345–540)
Western Ganga dynasty (350–1000)
Kamarupa (350–1140)
Traikutaka dynasty (388–456)
Sharabhapuriya dynasty (5th–6th century)
Vishnukundina dynasty (420–624)
Maitraka dynasty (475–776)
Eastern Ganga Empire (493–1947)
Kannauj Kingdom (510–606)
Nala dynasty (6th century)
Shailodbhava dynasty (6th–8th century)
Pushyabhuti dynasty (500–647)
Chalukya dynasty (543–753)
Kalachuri dynasty (550–625)
Panduvamshis (7th–8th century)
Kalachuris of Tripuri (7th century–1212)
Jethwa dynasty (620–1948)
Eastern Chalukyas (624–1189)
Karkota dynasty (625–855)
Mana dynasty (650–850)
Varman dynasty of Kannauj (mid 7th century–770)
Bhauma-Kara dynasty (8th–10th century),
Shilahara kingdom (8th–13th century)
Chavda dynasty (690–942)
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (730–1036)
Saindhava (735–920)
Pala Empire (750–1161)
Rashtrakuta dynasty (753–982)
Somavamshi dynasty (9th–12th century)
Kalachuris of Sarayupara (800–1080)
Kingdom of Chanda (807–1751)
Utpala dynasty (855–1003)
Western Chalukya Empire (973–1189)
Lohara dynasty (1003–1320)
Chindaka Naga (1023–1324)
Hoysala Empire (1026–1343)
Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya (11th–13th century)
Kalachuris of Ratnapura (11th–13th century)
Kakatiya dynasty (1163–1323)
Kalachuris of Kalyani (1164–1181)
Yadava dynasty (1187–1317)
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526), ruled a major part of the northern Indian subcontinent
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646), ruled a major part of the southern Indian subcontinent
Several sultanates declared independence from Delhi:
Madurai Sultanate (1335–1378)
Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)
Khandesh Sultanate (1382–1601)
Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)
Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)
Gujarat Sultanate (1407–1573)
Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636)
Berar Sultanate (1490–1572)
Sultanate of Bijapur (1490–1686)
Bidar Sultanate (1492–1619)
Golconda Sultanate (1518–1687)
There were other regional powers present, like the
Chero Kingdom,
Reddi Kingdom,
Rajput states,
Gajapati Kingdom,
Chutia Kingdom,
Sambuvarayar,
Nayakas of Keladi,
Kampili kingdom,
Madurai Nayak dynasty,
Nayakas of Chitradurga,
Oiniwar dynasty,
Musunuri Nayakas,
Venad (kingdom),
Zamorin,
Thanjavur Nayak kingdom,
Musunuri Nayakas,
Chudasama dynasty,
Chowta dynasty,
Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom,
Dimasa Kingdom,
Mushika dynasty,
Yajvapala dynasty,
Kamata Kingdom,
Karnat dynasty,
Ahom Kingdom,
Twipra Kingdom,
Bhoi dynasty,
Kolathunadu
Garha Kingdom, and the
Kingdom of Manipur (1200s–1300s)
Raj Darbhanga
Pratapgarh Kingdom
Nagpur kingdom
Portuguese India (1505–1961) (part of the
Portuguese Empire)
Mughal Empire (1526–1556 AD) or Hindustan (The Mughal Empire in its time period called the lands of its territory 'Hindustan'. The term 'Mughal' itself was never used to refer to the land, being an
exonym used by Arabs and Persians and later adopted by Europeans. As the empire expanded, so too did 'Hindustan'. In modern days (21st century), "Hindustan", alongside “Bharat” and “India”, is often used by Indians to refer to
modern India.
[11]
[12]
[13]).
Sur Empire (1540–1556)
Mughal Empire or Hindustan (1555–1717)
French India (1664–1962) (Part of the
French Empire)
India divided during the
Mughal Era (1717–1857):
Maratha Empire (later, the "Maratha Confederacy"),
Kingdom of Mysore,
Kingdom of Travancore,
Kingdom of Sikkim,
Sikh Kingdom,
Kingdom of Cochin,
Koch dynasty and many other states. However, the Mughal Emperor (in Maratha) continued to be the highest manifestation of sovereignty. The Muslim, Hindu (including Maratha), and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgements of the emperor as the sovereign of India.
[14]
Part of the
British Empire (1757–1858) as the
East India Company
Indian Empire (1858–1947) (part of the
British Empire) (India was divided into provinces [also called Presidencies] that were directly governed by the Crown and princely states which were nominally controlled by a prince loyal to the British Crown, which held de facto sovereignty [suzerainty] over the princely states, using the title
Emperor of India to signify its rule over India, as its imperial head of state.)
Union of India (1947–1950), a monarchy in
personal union with the
United Kingdom (a
federal state. Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union.)
Republic of India (1950–present) (a
federal state. Currently the Indian Union consists of 28 states and 8 union territories)
|
Indonesia
|
Kandis Kingdom (1st century BC −13th century)
Kingdom of
Salakanagara in
Java (130–362 AD)
Tarumanagara (450–669)
Samaskuta Kingdom (before 5th century)
Kantoli (5th century)
Kalingga Kingdom (6th–7th century)
Sunda Kingdom (669–1579) First Hindu Kingdom of
Kutai in
Kalimantan (4th century)
Srivijaya in c. 650–1377 (4th century–13th century)
Galuh Kingdom (669–1482)
Mataram Kingdom (716–1016)
Bali Kingdom (914–1908)
Kingdom of Luwu (between 10–14th–19th century
Kahuripan (1019–1045)
Kediri Kingdom (1042–1222)
Janggala (1045–1136)
Pannai Kingdom (11th–14th century)
Singhasari (1222–1292)
Majapahit Kingdom, united
Indonesia,
Singapore,
Malaysia and parts of
Philippines under the reign of Hayam Wuruk (1292–1478)
Negara Daha,
Negara Dipa,
Blambangan Kingdom (13th–18th century)
Pagaruyung Kingdom (1347–1833)
Segati Kingdom (15th–16th century)
Various
Islamic Kingdoms:
Sultanate of Cirebon,
Demak Sultanate (1475–1568),
Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1586),
Mataram Sultanate (1586–1755),
,
Banten Sultanate (1527–1813),
Yogyakarta Sultanate (1755–1950) and
Surakarta Sunanate (1745–present) in
Java;
Aru Kingdom (1225–1613),
Samudera Pasai Sultanate (1267–1524),
Malacca Sultanate (1400–1511),
Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (1496–1903),
Kalinyamat Sultanate (1529–1599)
Sultanate of Langkat (1568–1946),
Asahan Sultanate (1630–1946),
Sultanate of Deli (1632–1946),
Palembang Sultanate (1659–1823)
Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (1722–1949),
Sultanate of Serdang (1723–1946),
Lambri in
Sumatra;
Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1860),
Sultanate of Sambas (1609–1956),
Mempawah Kingdom (1740–1944)
Sultanate of Bulungan (1731–1964) in
Kalimantan,
Sultanate of Gowa (14th century–1945),
Kingdom of Tallo,
Sultanate of Buton,
Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow (1670–1950) in
Sulawesi, and
Sultanate of Ternate,
Sultanate of Tidore,
Sultanate of Jailolo,
Bima Sultanate,
Sultanate of Bacan and
Solor Watan Lema Confederation in
Moluccas (15th–19th century) and
Kingdom of Kaimana in
New Guinea
Princedoms in
West Timor:
Amanatun,
Amanuban,
Sonbai Besar,
Amarasi,
Sonbai and
Sonbai Kecil (17th–20th century
Kongsi republics (mid 18th century–1900) including
Lanfang Republic (1777–1884) (
Dutch East India Company in Indonesia (1603–1800) (Part of the
Dutch Empire)
Dutch East Indies (1800–1949) (Part of the
Dutch Empire)
United States of Indonesia (1949–1950) (independent state) and
Netherlands New Guinea (1949–1962) (an
overseas territory of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Republic of Indonesia (1950–present)
|
Iran
|
Elamite Civilization (3200 – 539 BC)
Marhasi (2550–2020 BC)
Kingdom of Mannaea (850–611)
Parsua (840–710)
Median Empire (678–550 BC)
Achaemenid Empire (549 BC-330 BC) (also called the First Persian Empire and known in its time period just as The Empire) Part of the Empire of
Alexander the Great(330–323 BC) Disputed between the
diadochi (323–315)
Atropatene (323 BC – 226) Part of the dominions of the
Antigonid dynasty (315–312) Part of the
Seleucid Empire (312 BC–63 BC)
Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD) (also known as Arsacid Empire)
Sasanian Empire (224–651) (officially known as the Empire of Iranians in its time period and also called Neo-Persian Empire by historians)
Qarinvand dynasty (550s–11th century)
Dabuyid dynasty (642–760)
Justanids (791–1004)
Masmughans of Damavand (651–971)
Bavand dynasty (651–1349) Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Baduspanids (665–1598) Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
Iranian Intermezzo or Persian Renaissance:
Sadakiyans (770–827),
Samanid Amirate (819–999),
Tahirid Emirate (821–873),
Saffarid Emirate (861–1003),
Alavids,
Sajid dynasty (889–929),
Ziyriad Kingdom (930–1090),
Buyid Emirate, later Buyid Empire (934–1062) and
Sallarid Kingdom (919–c.1062)
Banu Ilyas (932–968)
Ghaznavid Sultanate (998–1042)
Kakuyid Emirate (1008–1141)
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1037–1194) (Occidental center of the empire from 1118 until 1153)
Nizari Ismaili state (1090–1273)
Hazaraspids (1115–1424)
Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319)
Salghurids (1148–1282)
Khorshidi dynasty (1184–1597) Part of the
Khwarazmian Kingdom (1188–1231) Part of the
Mongol Empire (1231–1256) Part of the
Ilkhanate (1231–1335) Iran divided after the fall of the Ilkhanate:
Injuids (1335–1357),
Muzaffarid Kingdom (1335–1393),
Chobanid dynasty (1335–1357), part of
Jalayirid Sultanate (1336–1432),
Sarbadars (1337–1381),
Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504),
Marashiyan Dynasty (1359–1596)
Part of the
Timurid Emirate (1381–1506)
Kara Koyunlu (1375–1468)
Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1501)
Safavid Empire (1501–1736) (known in its time period as The Expansive Realm of Iran and The State of Iran) (Occupied by the
Hotak Emirate between 1722 and 1729)
Afsharid Empire (1736–1796) (known in its time period as Guarded Domains of Iran)
Zand State of Iran (1751–1794)
Sublime State of Persia (1785–1925)
Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979) (renamed from "Imperial State of Persia" in 1935)
Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)
|
Iraq
|
Sumer Civilization (the first Civilization in the world) (c.4000 BC)
Lullubi Kingdom (3100–675 BC)
Early Dynastic Period (2900–2300 BC)
Akkadian Empire (c.2300 BC)
Simurrum Kingdom (2000–1500 BC)
Neo-Sumerian Kingdom (c.2100 BC)
Old Kingdom of Assyria
Old Kingdom of Babylonia (c.1894–1595 BC)
Kassite Empire)
Middle Kingdom of Assyria (1363–912 BC)
New Kingdom of Assyria (911–609 BC)
New Kingdom of Babylonia (626–539 BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (539–330 BC)
Part of the Empire of
Alexander the Great (330–323 BC)
Divided in the satraps of Mesopothamia and Babylonia (323–318 BC)
Part of the
Antigonid Empire (318–310 BC)
Part of the
Seleucid Empire (310–128 BC)
Adiabene (164 BC – 379)
Kingdom of Hatra (2nd century–241)
Characene Frequently a vassal state of the
Parthian Empire (141 BC–222 AD)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (224–637)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (637–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
Partially part of the
Buyid dynasty (945–1055)
Partially part of the
Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004)
Mazyadid Emirate (961–1160)
Uqaylid dynasty(990–1096)
Annazid dynasty (990/991–1117)
Part of the
Seljuk Empire (1055–1194)
Partially part of the
Zengid dynasty (1127–1250)
Partially part of the
Ayyubid dynasty (1185–1258)
Partially part of the
Mongol Empire (1234–1258)
Partially part of
Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
Partially part of the
Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
Partially part of the
Artuqids (1335–1394)
Part of the
Timurid Empire (1370–1507)
Partially part of the
Qara Qoyunlu (1374–1468)
Part of the
Aq Qoyunlu (149–1509)
Part of the
Safavid Empire (1509–1534)
Part of the
Ottomon Empire (1534–1918)
Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration (1920–1932)
Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958)
Hashemite Arab Federation (1958) (a
dual monarchy under a
confederation composed of
Iraq and
Jordan)
Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
Iraqi Republic (1968–1992)
Republic of Iraq (1992–2003)
Republic of Iraq/
Coalition Provisional Authority (under US occupation) (2003–2004)
Republic of Iraq (2004–present) (a
federal state composed of
nineteen governorates)
|
Israel
|
Inhabited by the
Amorites, that established
city-states in the region in c.2000 BC (3500-BC-1503 BC) Part of the
Middle Kingdom of Egypt (1503 BC-c.1200 BC)
Twelve Tribes of Israel (c.1200 BC-1047 BC)
Philistia (
confederation of
city-states) (1175 BC–604 BC)
Kingdom of Israel (c. 1047 BCE–930 BC) Divided between
Kingdom of Israel (referred to by historians as the Northern Kingdom or as the Kingdom of Samaria),
Kingdom of Judah and
Philistia (930 BC–c. 720 BC) Northern regions became part of the
New Kingdom of Assyria (conquered the Kingdom of Samaria), in the South there is the
Kingdom of Judah and
Philistia (c. 720 BC-604 BC) Northern regions became part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia, in the South there is the
Kingdom of Judah (604 BC- 587/586 BC) Part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia (587/586 BC-539 BC) Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (539 BC-332 BC) Part of the
Empire of Alexander the Great (332 BC-323 BC) Part of the domains of
Laomedon of Mytilene (323 BC-319 BC) Part of the domains of
Ptolemy I Soter (319 BC-315 BC) Part of the domains of
Antigonus I Monophthalmus (315 BC-306 BC) Part of the
Antigonid Kingdom (306 BC-301 BC) Part of the
Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (301 BC–c.200 BC) Part of the
Seleucid Empire (c.200 BC-140 BC)
Hasmonean Kingdom of Judaea (140 BCE–37 BCE)
Herodian Kingdom of Judea (37 BC–6 BC)
Judea, province of the
Roman Empire (6 BC–135 CE)
Palaestina, province of the
Roman Empire and later of the
Eastern Roman Empire (135–390) Divided between
Palaestina Prima and
Palestina Secunda, provinces of the
Eastern Roman Empire (390–614) Part of the
Sassanian Empire (614–628) Divided between
Palaestina Prima and
Palestina Secunda, provinces of the
Eastern Roman Empire (628–636) Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (636–661)
Jund Filastin, military district of
Bilad al-Sham, region of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Jund Filastin, military district of
Bilad al-Sham, region of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–868)
Tulunid Emirate (868–905) (Vassal of the
Abbasid Caliphate)
Jund Filastin, military district of
Bilad al-Sham, region of the
Abbasid Caliphate (905–939)
Ikhshidid State (939–969) (Vassal of the
Abbasid Caliphate) Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (969–1011)
Jarrahids (1011–1030) Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (1011–1071) Part of the
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1171–1098) Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (1098–1071)
Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291) Part of the
Part of the
Ayyubid Sultanate (1187–1260) Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1516) Divided in the
sanjaks (counties/districts) of
Jerusalem,
Gaza,
Safad,
Nablus,
Lajjun, parts of the
Eyalet (State) of
Damascus (1516–1841) (Part of the
Ottoman Empire) Divided in
Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (1841–1917) (placed directly under the Ottoman central government in
Constantinople),
Nablus Sanjak, Nasra Sanjak and
Acre Sanjak, the later two was parts of the
Sidon Eyalet (State) (1856–1864),
Syria Vilayet (Province) (1864–1888) and
Beirut Vilayet (Province) (1888–1917) (Parts of the
Ottoman Empire)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948) (Part of the
British Empire)
State of Israel (1948–present)
|
Japan
|
Since 40,000 BC humans have been settled crossing through the Korean-Japanese bridge,
[15]
Jōmon era (14,000 – 1000/800 BC):
Japan was inhabited by a diverse
hunter-gatherer and early agriculturalist population, the Jomon culture.
Yayoi era (1000/800 BC-300 AD): Archaeological evidence supports the idea that during this time, an influx of agriculturalists (Yayoi people) from the Korean peninsula came to Japan, mixing with the native hunter-gatherer population (Jōmon people). Gradually small states was established in Japan.
Yamatai (1st century – 3rd century)
Kofun era (300–578) (Era when the
Kingdom of Yamato merged all the Japanese states into one in c. 400 AD).
Asuka era (538–710):
Buddhism is introduced in Kingdom of Yamato, later the Empire of Japan.(
Empress Suiko was the first ruler in Japan to use the title of Tenshi (“Emperor”, 天子) in verified history. The oldest documented use of the title Tennō (“Heavenly Emperor”, 天皇) is dated back to the reign of
Emperor Tenmu and
Empress Jitō in the 7th century)
Nara era (710–794): A fixed capital city was established to the Empire of Japan, in
Heijō-kyō (present-day
Nara). (Before this period the capital was customarily moved after the death of an emperor)
Heian era (794–1185): the capital of the Empire of Japan was moved to
Heian-kyō (modern
Kyoto)
Kamakura period (1185–1333): the
Kamakura shogunate (a
military dictatorship) is established by the first
shōgun,
Minamoto no Yoritomo. (The
Minamoto and
Hojo clans dominated the politics of Japan The
Emperor of Japan became a
figurehead. Two capital cities: civil capital in
Heian-kyō (modern
Kyoto) and military capital in
Kamakura)
Kenmu Restoration (1333–1336): the Imperial House restored its absolute power
Ashikaga period (1336–1568):
Ashikaga shogunate (a
military dictatorship), established by
Ashikaga Takauji from the
Ashikaga clan. (The
Emperor of Japan became a
figurehead again. Capital city in
Kyoto. After the
Ōnin War in 1467, Japan enters in a state of constant civil war known as the
Sengoku period)
Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568–1603): Japan's central government collapsed after 100 years of constant
civil wars.
Oda Nobunaga,
Toyotomi Hideyoshi and
Tokugawa Ieyasu unified the country and re-established a central government. (The period is named after Nobunaga's
Azuchi Castle and Hideyoshi's
Momoyama Castle)
Ryukyu Kingdom (1429–1879) (successor state of
Hokuzan,
Chūzan and
Nanzan
Edo period (1603–1868):
Tokugawa shogunate (a
military dictatorship) established by
Tokugawa Ieyasu from the
Tokugawa clan. (The
Emperor of Japan was a
figurehead. Two capital cities: civil capital in
Heian-kyō (modern
Kyoto) and military capital in
Edo (modern
Tokyo))
Empire of Great Japan (1868–1945): The
Emperor of Japan was restored to nominal supreme power (Capital city in
Kyoto, later in
Tokyo.
Mainland Japan became the
metropole of a
colonial empire.
Meiji,
Taisho, and
early Shōwa periods.)
Allied-occupation of Japan with the
United States and the
United Kingdom in the post-war period. (1945–1952)
Japan (official English full name; Japanese referred to as Nihon-koku, literally translated as "State of Japan").(The
Emperor of Japan is again a
figurehead.
Late Shōwa,
Heisei and
Reiwa periods).(1947–present)
|
Jordan
|
What is now
Jordan has been inhabited by
humans since the
Paleolithic period.
Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the
Bronze Age:
Ammon,
Moab and
Edom. (13th century – 719 BC)
Part of the
Middle Kingdom of Assyria (c.719–607 BC)
Ammon,
Moab and
Edom (607–596 BC)
Part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia (596–539 BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (539–330 BC)
Nabatean Kingdom (330 BC-107 AD)
Arabia Petraea, Province of the
Roman Empire (107–269)
Part of the
Palmyrene Empire (269–273)
Arabia Petraea, Province of the
Roman Empire (273–286)
Part of the
Eastern Roman Empire (286–614)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (614–625)
Part of the
Eastern Roman Empire (625–636)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (636–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–868)
Divided between the
Tulunid Emirate and the
Abbasid Caliphate (868–905)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (868–969)
Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (969–971)
Part of the territory of the
Jarrahids (971–1109)
Part of the
Burid Emirate (1109–1118)
Divided between the
Kingdom of Jerusalem and the
Burid Emirate (1118–1154)
Divided between the
Kingdom of Jerusalem and the
Zengid Emirate (1154–1174)
Divided between the
Kingdom of Jerusalem and the
Ayyubid Sultanate (1174–1187)
Part of the
Ayyubid Sultanate (1187–1250)
Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1516)
Part of the
Damascus Eyalet (1516–1856) (
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Part of the
Syria Vilayet (1856–1917) (
Vilayet (Province) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Emirate of Transjordan (1921–1946)
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1946–1958)
Hashemite Arab Federation (1958) (a
dual monarchy under a
confederation composed of
Iraq and
Jordan)
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1958–present)
|
Kazakhstan
|
Massagetae (c. 8th century BC – c. 3rd century BC)
Kangju (1st century BCE (?)–5th century CE)
Yueban (160–490)
Afrighids (305–995) Part of the
First Turkic Khaganate (580–603) Part of the
Western Turkic Khaganate (603–659)
Kangar Union (659–750)
Türgesh Khaganate (699–766)
Oghuz Yabgu State (766–1005) Part of the
Kimek–Kipchak confederation (880–1200) Part of the
Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1212) Part of the
Khazar Khaganate (c. 650–969) Part of the
Cuman–Kipchak Confederation (c.1000–1241) Part of the
Mongol Empire (1241–1260) Eastern center of the
Golden Horde (1260s–1428) Part of the
Uzbek Khanate (1428–1446) Center of the
Uzbek Khanate (1446–1456)
Kazakh Khanate (1456–1847) Part of the
Russian Empire (1735/1860–1917)
Alash Autonomy (1917–1920)(
Unrecognized state)
Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936),
federated state of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1919–1936) (itself a
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Republic of Kazakhstan
[5] (1991–present)
|
Korea, North
|
Divided in several
city-states (c.800 BC)
Gojoseon, first a confederation of Korean city-states, later in the 4th century BC became a kingdom (Unknown-108 BC)
Buyeo (2nd century BC – 494 AD)
Proto–Three Kingdoms period (108 BC-57 BC) – Korea was divided in several states:
Goguryeo,
Okjeo,
Eastern Buyeo,
Nangnang Kingdom
Eastern Ye in the north of the peninsula. There was also the
Four Commanderies of Han, part of the Chinese
Han Empire
Kingdom of Goguryeo (c.37 BC-668 AD)
Unified Silla (668–935)
Little Goguryeo (669–820)
Kingdom of Balhae (698–926)
Jeongan (938–986)
Kingdom of Goryeo (918–1392) (Unified the Korean states, the
exonym Korea originated from the word Goryeo)
Kingdom of Great Joseon (1392–1897)
Korean Empire (1897–1910)
Japanese Korea (1910–1952, government abolished in 1945) (Part of the
Japanese Empire)
People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946) (provisional government in
Seoul, cooperated by the
Soviet Union to be used as basis for modern North Korean politics)
Soviet Civil Authority (1945–1948)
Provisional People's Committee for North Korea (1946–1948)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–present)
|
Korea, South
|
Jin (confederation of Korean city-states) (300s BC–100s BC)
Proto–Three Kingdoms period – Korea was divided in several states:
Samhan (collective name of the
Byeonhan,
Jinhan, and
Mahan confederacies) in the south of the peninsula.
Kingdom of
Silla (57 BC-668 AD) Kingdom of
Baekje (18 BC-660 AD)
Gaya confederacy (42–562)
Tamna (?–1404)
Usan (?–512)
Unified Silla (668–935)
Kingdom of Baekje (892–936)
Kingdom of Taebong (901–918) (Changed name from Goryeo to Majin and later to Taebong)
Kingdom of Goryeo (918–1392) (Unified the Korean states, the
exonym Korea originated from the word Goryeo)
Kingdom of Great Joseon (1392–1897)
Korean Empire (1897–1910)
Japanese Korea (1910–1952, government abolished de in 1945) (Part of the
Japanese Empire) and
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea exile in
China (1919–1948)
People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946) (provisional government in
Seoul, outlawed the South by the
United States in 1945)
United States Army Military Government in Korea (1945–1948)
Republic of Korea (1948–present)
|
Kuwait
|
In 1613, the town of Kuwait was founded in the present-day location of
Kuwait City. (1613–1670) (Part of the
Eyalet (State) of
Lahsa, Eyalet of the
Ottoman Empire)
Part of the
Bani Khalid Emirate (1670–1752)
Sheikhdom of Kuwait, independent state (1752–1871)
Sheikhdom of Kuwait,
de facto part of the
Basra Vilayet (1871–1899) (
Vilayet (Province) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Sheikhdom of Kuwait, part of the
British Empire as a
protectorate (not recognized by the Ottomans) (1889–1913)
Sheikhdom of Kuwait, autonomous
kaza (district) of the
Ottoman Empire (1913–1919) (via the
Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913)
Sheikhdom of Kuwait, part of the
British Empire as a protectorate (1919–1961)
State of Kuwait (1961–1990)
Republic of Kuwait (1990) (
puppet state of
Ba'athist Iraq)
Kuwait Governorate (1990–1991) (
governorate of
Ba'athist Iraq)
State of Kuwait (1990–present)
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
Part of the territory of the
Hephthalites (497–571) Part of the
First Turkic Khaganate (571–603)
Western Turkic Khaganate (603–657) Part of the
Protectorate General to Pacify the West (657–757) (
protectorate of the
Tang Empire)
Karluk Yabghu (756–940) Part of the
Uyghur Khaganate (791–840) Center of the
Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1130) Part of the
Kara-Khanid Khanate (1130–1137)
Kara Khitai, also known as Western Liao Empire or Great Liao Empire (1137–1218) Part of the
Chagatai Khanate (c.1300–1347) Part of
Moghulistan (1347–1380), also known as Eastern Chagatai Khanate Divided between the
Timurid Emirate and the
Moghulistan (1380–1507) Divided between the
Uzbek Khanate and the
Moghulistan (1507–1513) Divided between the
Khanate of Bukhara and the
Yarkent Khanate (1513–1705) Divided between the
Khanate of Bukhara and the
Dzungar Khanate (1705–1710) Part of the
Dzungar Khanate (1710–1758) Part of the
Qing Empire (1758–1865) Part of the
Russian Empire (1865–1867) Part of the
Russian Turkestan (1867–1917) (
Krai (Territory) of the
Russian Empire) Part of the
Turkestan Autonomy (1917–1918)(
Unrecognized state) Part of the
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924),
federated state of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (itself a
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1924–1926),
federated state of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (itself a
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936),
federated state of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (itself a
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union)
Kyrgyz Republic (the name "Republic of Kyrgyzstan" adopted in 1991, changed to current in 1993) (1991–present)
|
Laos
|
Mueang city-states (c.700s–1354)
Muang Phuan (13th century–1893)
Kingdom of Lan Xang (1354–1707) Divided in
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707–1949),
Kingdom of Champasak (1713–1904), and
Kingdom of Vientiane (1707–1828) (
Luang Phrabang and
Vientiane became
vassals to the
Burmese Monarchy from 1765 until 1779, later all the three kingdoms became vassals to the
Kingdom of Siam from 1779 to 1893)
French Protectorate of Laos (1893–1953) (constituent of
French Indochina, federation of colonial possessions of the
French Empire)
Kingdom of Laos (1947–1975) (French protectorate 1947–1953)
Laos People's Democratic Republic (1975–present)
|
Lebanon
|
Amurru kingdom (c. 2000 BC–c. 1200 BC)
Ancient Phoenicia (1200 BC–858 BC): Lebanon was divided into many states, like
Tyre,
Sidon, Arwad,
Berytus,
Byblos
Part of the
New Kingdom of Assyria (858 BC–608 BC)
Part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia (605 BC–538 BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (538 BC–332 BC)
Part of the Empire of
Alexander the Great (332 BC–323 BC)
Part of the Satrap of
Laomedon of Mytilene (323 BC– 320 BC)
Part of the
Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (320 BC–314 BC)
Part of the kingdom of
Antigonus I Monophthalmus (314 BC–301 BC)
Part of the
Seleucid Empire (301 BC–63 BC)
Part of the
Roman Republic (and later
Roman Empire) (63 BC–270)
Part of the
Palmyrene Empire (270–273)
Part of the
Roman Empire (273–395)
Part of the
Eastern Roman Empire (395–611)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (611–626)
Part of the
Eastern Roman Empire (626–637)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (637–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–876)
Part of the
Tulunid Emirate (876–905)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (905–935)
Ikhshidid State (935–969), autonomous state within the
Abbasid Caliphate
Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (969–1071)
Banu Ammar (1065–1109)
Part of the
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1071–1109)
County of Tripoli (1109–1289)
Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate (1289–1516)
Divided between the Eyalets of
Sidon and
Tripoli (1516–1864) (
Eyalets (States) of the
Ottoman Empire) Divided between the
Beirut Vilayet and the
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate (1864–1917) (
Vilayet (Province) and
Mutasarrifate (autonomous district under direct control of the central government) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
State of Greater Lebanon (1920–1943) (constituent of the
French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, a
League of Nations Mandate territory administered by
France)
Lebanese Republic (1943–present)
|
Malaysia
|
Peninsular Malaysia:
Peninsular Malaysia was divided in many states like
Gangga Negara,
Langkasuka,
Chi Tu,
Pan Pan,
Kedah,
Melayu Kingdom, etc. (c.100–687)
Part of the
Srivijaya Kingdom (687–1090)
Part of the
Dharmasraya (1090–1250)
Peninsular Malaysia was divided in many states like
Kedah Sultanate,
Samudera Pasai Sultanate,
Langkasuka,
Pahang Tua, etc. (1250–1287)
Part of the
Kingdom of Singhasari (1287–1293)
Peninsular Malaysia was divided in many states like
Kedah Sultanate,
Samudera Pasai Sultanate,
Langkasuka,
Pahang Tua, etc. (1293–1355)
Part of the
Majapahit Kingdom (1355–1380)
Peninsular Malaysia was divided in many states like
Kedah Sultanate,
Samudera Pasai Sultanate,
Langkasuka,
Pahang Tua, etc. (1380–1392)
Part of the
Majapahit Kingdom (1392–1402)
Divided between the
Majapahit Kingdom and the independent
Malacca Sultanate (1402-c.1467)
Divided between the
Kedah Sultanate,
Malacca Sultanate,
Pahang Sultanate and the
Majapahit Kingdom (c.1467–1499)
Patani Kingdom (1457–1957)
Divided between the
Kedah Sultanate and the
Malacca Sultanate (1499–1511)
Portuguese Malacca (1511–1641) (Part of the
Portuguese Empire)
Divided between the
Johor Sultanate and the
Perak Sultanate (1528–c.1620)
Occupied by the
Aceh Sultanate (1620–1636)
Divided in many states like the
Johor Sultanate, the
Perak Sultanate, the
Selangor Sultanate,
Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman, etc. (1636–1826)
Dutch Malacca (1641–1824) (Part of the
Dutch Empire)
British Malacca (1826–1957):
Straits Settlements,
Federated Malay States and
Unfederated Malay States (Part of the
British Empire)
Malayan Union (1946–1948), a
federal state and a monarchy in
personal union with the
United Kingdom
Federation of Malaya (1948–1963) (
federal state)
Malaysian Borneo:
Part of the
Srivijaya Kingdom (c.900 AD–1276 AD)
Part of the
Kingdom of Singhasari (1276–1294)
Part of the
Majapahit Kingdom (1294–1368)
Part of the
Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1568)
Divided between the
Sultanate of Brunei and the
Sultanate of Sulu (1568–1888)
Sultanate of Sarawak (1599–1641)
British Borneo (1841–1963) (Part of the
British Empire)
Malaysia
Malaysia (1963–present) (a
federal state composed of 13 states and 3 federal territories) (The
Federation of Malaya gained independence in 1957; in 1963 it added territories of
Sabah,
Sarawak and
Singapore, and changed its name to Malaysia (a
federal state).
Singapore became independent in 1965.
|
Maldives
|
Sultanate of Maldive Islands (since 1153; Huraa Dynasty 1774–1953; 1954–1968)
Republic of Maldive Islands (1953–1954;1968–1969)
Republic of Maldives (1969–present)
|
Mongolia
|
Inhabited by the
Xiongnu (c.200 BC-93? AD)
Xianbei state (93?–234) Part of the
Rouran Khaganate (330–555) Part of the
First Turkic Khaganate (552–603) Part of the
Eastern Turkic Khaganate (603–628)
Xueyantuo (628–646)
Protectorate General to Pacify the North,
protectorate of the
Tang Empire Part of the
Second Turkic Khaganate (682–744)
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate (693–1207)
Tatar confederation (8th century – 1202)
Uyghur Khaganate (744–840)
Great Liao Empire, (916–1125) also known as Khitan Empire Divided in severall
Mongol tribes and clans, including
Khamag Mongol (1125–1206)
Mongol Empire (1206–1271) and
Great Yuan Empire (1271–1368)
Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1438),
rump state that originated from the
Great Yuan (In its historical period the state was known and referred to as the Great Yuan, was the continuation of the Yuan Empire in its northern regions)
Four Oirats (1438–1478)
Northern Yuan dynasty (1478–1634)
Qing rule in Mongolia (1635–1911) (
Inner Mongolia was conquered by the Qing in 1635, however
Outer Mongolia resisted and only surrendered to the Qing decades later in 1691)
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924) (partly interrupted by the
Chinese Occupation of Mongolia 1919–1921 and
Soviet Occupation of Mongolia 1921–1924) Internationally was an
unrecognised state, being recognized only by the
Russian Empire,
Russian Republic,
Russian SFSR and
USSR)
Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992) (Before 1946, internationally was an
Unrecognised state, being recognized only by the
USSR. The
Republic of China only recognized the independency of Mongolia in 1946, being followed by other nations)
Mongolia (official English full name; Mongolian referred to as Mongol Uls, literally translated as "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia") (1992–present)
|
Myanmar
|
Thaton Kingdom (300s BC–1057) Divided in many
Pyu city-states (c.200 BC-c. 1050 AD)
Bagan Kingdom (849–1297)(In c.1060, unified all city states in what is today Myanmar Divided in severall states, for example:
Shan States (1204–(1215–1959)
Hanthawaddy Kingdom (1287–1539; 1550–52), Arakan (1287–1785)
Myinsaing Kingdom (1297–1313),
Pinya Kingdom (1313–1365),
Sagaing Kingdom (1315–1365),
Kingdom of Ava (1364–1555),
Kingdom of Mrauk U (1429–1785),
Prome Kingdom (1482–1542)
Toungoo Kingdom (1510–1752)(Reunified all the states in what is today Myanmar)
Konbaung Kingdom of Burma (1752–1885) (The
exonym Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century) Part of the
Indian Empire (1858–1937) (Part of the
British Empire)
Crown Colony of Burma (1937–1947) (Part of the
British Empire)
Union of Burma (1948–1962)
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988)
Union of Myanmar (1988–2011)
Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present)
|
Nepal
|
Licchavi (kingdom) (400–750)
Nepal Mandala (????-1768) (
confederation of three states)
Chaubisi Rajya (????–1768) (
confederation of 24 states, among them the
Gorkha Kingdom (
Unified the states of the
Chaubisi Rajya and founded the
Kingdom of Nepal))
Baise Rajya (????-1810) (
confederation of 22 states)
Malla dynasty (Nepal) (1201–1769)
Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008)(From 1768 until 1810 gradually annexed the states of the
Baise Rajya in 1810)
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–present) (a
federal state composed of 7 provinces)
|
Oman
|
Imamate of Oman (751–1696)
Nabhanid Kingdom of Oman (1154–1624)
Imamate of Oman,
metropole of the
Omani Empire (1696–1856)
Imamate of Oman (1856–1892) (constituent of
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman,
sovereign state)
Imamate of Oman (1892–1970) (constituent of
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman,
protectorate of the
British Empire)
Sultanate of Oman (1970–present)
|
Pakistan
|
Indus Valley civilisation (c.3300 BC–c.1300 BC)
Inhabited by the
Indo-Aryans (c.1300 BC-516 BC)
Gandhāra kingdom (1200–535 BC)
Sindhu-Sauvīra (1000 – 518 BC)
Pauravas (350–100 BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (516 BC-330 BC)
Ror Kingdom (450 BC–489 AD)
Part of the Empire of
Alexander the Great (326–323 BC)
Divided in the
satraps of
Gandhara,
Sindh,
Punjab,
Gedrosia (323 BC-321 BC)
Divided between the
Maurya Empire and the
satraps of
Gandhara and
Gedrosia (321 BC-303 BC)
Part of the
Maurya Empire (303 BC-181 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom (200 BC – 10 AD)
Patalene (181 – 70 BC)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom (150 BC – 140 AD)
Part of the
Indo-Scythian satraps (
Apracha,
Gandhara,
Taxila, the
Northern Satraps and the
Western Satraps) (35 BC – 12 AD)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom (or Suren Kingdom) (19–50)
Western Satraps (35–415)
Kushan Empire (50–240)
Part of the
Sasanian Empire (230–651)
Part of the
Gupta Empire (400–502)
Alchon Huns Monarchy (458–542)
Rai Kingdom of Sindh (489–632)
Aulikara Empire (529–545)
Taank Kingdom (550–700)
Patola Shahis (6th–8th century)
Brahman Kingdom of Sindh (632–712)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (674–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–854)
Hindu Shahi Monarchy (854–1026)
Habbari Emirate (854–1011)
Emirate of Multan (855–1010)
Partially part of the
Saffarid Emirate (977–999)
Ghaznavid Sultanate (977–1186)
Soomra Sultanate of Sindh (1026–1356)
Ghurid Sultanate (1173–1215)
Part of the
Ghurid Kingdom (1186–1206)
Maqpon Kingdom (1190–1840)
Partially part of the
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) Partially part of the
Khwarazmian Kingdom (1206–1231)
Partially part of the
Mongol Empire (1231–1264)
Partially part of the
Ilkhanate (1264–1335)
Samma Sultanate of Sindh (1335–1524)
Langah Sultanate (1445–1540)
Shah Mir dynasty 1339–1561
Arghun Sultanate of Sindh (1520–1554)
Partially part of the
Mughal Empire (1526–1752)
Partially part of the
Sur Empire (1540–1556)
Tarkhan Sultanate of Sindh (1554–1591)
Partially part of the
Safavid Empire (1638–1709)
Partially part of the
Hotak Emirate (1709–1738)
Partially part of the
Afsharid Iran (1738–1748)
Part of the
Durrani Empire (1747–1823)
Kalhora Nawabs of Sindh (1701–1783)
Partially part of the
Maratha Empire (1752–1757)
Talpur Kings of Sindh (1783–1843)
Partially part of the
Sikh Empire (1799–1849)
Part of the
East India Company (1839–1858)
Part of the
Indian Empire (1858–1947)(Part of the
British Empire)
Pakistan, a
federal
monarchy in
personal union with the
United Kingdom (1947–1956)
Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1956–present) (a
federal state composed of 4 provinces, 2 administrative territories and 1 federal territory)
|
Palestine
|
Inhabited by the
Amorites, that established
city-states in the region in c.2000 BC (3500-BC-1503 BC) Part of the
Middle Kingdom of Egypt (1503 BC-c.1200 BC)
Twelve Tribes of Israel (c.1200 BC-1047 BC)
Philistia (
confederation of
city-states) (1175 BC–604 BC)
Kingdom of Israel (c. 1047 BCE–930 BC) Divided between
Kingdom of Israel (referred to by historians as the Northern Kingdom or as the Kingdom of Samaria),
Kingdom of Judah and
Philistia (930 BC–c. 720 BC) Northern regions became part of the
New Kingdom of Assyria (conquered the Kingdom of Samaria), in the South there is the
Kingdom of Judah and
Philistia (c. 720 BC-604 BC) Northern regions became part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia, in the South there is the
Kingdom of Judah (604 BC- 587/586 BC) Part of the
New Kingdom of Babylonia (587/586 BC-539 BC) Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (539 BC-332 BC) Part of the
Empire of Alexander the Great (332 BC-323 BC) Part of the domains of
Laomedon of Mytilene (323 BC-319 BC) Part of the domains of
Ptolemy I Soter (319 BC-315 BC) Part of the domains of
Antigonus I Monophthalmus (315 BC-306 BC) Part of the
Antigonid Kingdom (306 BC-301 BC) Part of the
Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (301 BC–c.200 BC) Part of the
Seleucid Empire (c.200 BC-140 BC)
Hasmonean Kingdom of Judaea (140 BCE–37 BCE)
Herodian Kingdom of Judea (37 BC–6 BC)
Judea, province of the
Roman Empire (6 BC–135 CE)
Palaestina, province of the
Roman Empire and later of the
Eastern Roman Empire (135–390) Divided between
Palaestina Prima and
Palestina Secunda, provinces of the
Eastern Roman Empire (390–614) Part of the
Sassanian Empire (614–628) Divided between
Palaestina Prima and
Palestina Secunda, provinces of the
Eastern Roman Empire (628–636) Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (636–661)
Jund Filastin, military district of
Bilad al-Sham, region of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Jund Filastin, military district of
Bilad al-Sham, region of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–868)
Tulunid Emirate (868–905) (Vassal of the
Abbasid Caliphate)
Jund Filastin, military district of
Bilad al-Sham, region of the
Abbasid Caliphate (905–939)
Ikhshidid State (939–969) (Vassal of the
Abbasid Caliphate) Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (969–1011)
Jarrahids (1011–1030) Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (1011–1071) Part of the
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1171–1098) Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate (1098–1071)
Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291) Part of the
Part of the
Ayyubid Sultanate (1187–1260) Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1516) Divided in the
sanjaks (counties/districts) of
Jerusalem,
Gaza,
Safad,
Nablus,
Lajjun, parts of the
Eyalet (State) of
Damascus (1516–1841) (Part of the
Ottoman Empire) Divided in
Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (1841–1917) (placed directly under the Ottoman central government in
Constantinople),
Nablus Sanjak, Nasra Sanjak and
Acre Sanjak, the later two was parts of the
Sidon Eyalet (State) (1856–1864),
Syria Vilayet (Province) (1864–1888) and
Beirut Vilayet (Province) (1888–1917) (Parts of the
Ottoman Empire)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948) (Part of the
British Empire)
All-Palestine Government (1948–1959), later
Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt (1959–1967) and
Jordanian annexation of the West Bank (1948–1967)
Palestinian Liberation Organization (1964–present)
Israeli Military Governorate (1967–1981)
Israeli Civil Administration (1981–1994)
Palestinian National Authority (1994–2013)
State of Palestine (2013–present) (claimed to be independent since 1988; an UN observer since 2013)
|
Philippines
|
The Philippines was divided in
several states (c.900s–1565), for example:
Tondo polity,
Butuan, (
Lupah Sug,
Confederation of Madya-as,
Kingdom of Ma-i,
Maynila,
Kingdom of Cebu, the
Sultanate of Sulu,
Sultanate of Maguindanao, and many others. The
Bruneian Empire occupied
Palawan and parts of
Mindanao.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png)
Captaincy General of the Philippines (1565–1821), part of the
Viceroyalty of New Spain (Part of the
Spanish Empire and briefly
occupied by the British between 1762–1764)
Captaincy General of the Philippines, following the independence of Mexico, all control was transferred to
Madrid (Part of the
Spanish Empire)
United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands (1898–1902) and
First Philippine Republic (1899–1901) (
not recognized by the United States)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png)
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (1901–1935) (
unincorporated territory of the
United States)
Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1946) (
unincorporated territory of the United States with Commonwealth status) and
Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945) (puppet state of the
Japanese Empire)
Republic of the Philippines (1946–present)
|
Qatar
|
Dilmun civilization (c. 4th millennium BC- c. 538 BC)
Part of the
Sassanian Empire (230 AD-628 AD)
Part of the
Islamic Medina (628–632)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–889)
Part of the
Qarmatian Republic (889–1076)
Part of the
Uyunid Emirate (1076–1253)
Ruled by the
Usfurid dynasty (1253–1400)
Part of the
Jabrid Emirate (1400–1521)
Part of the
Lahsa Eyalet (
Eyalet (State) of the
Ottoman Empire) (1550–1669)
Part of the
Bani Khalid Emirate (1669–1796)
Part of the
Emirate of Diriyah (1796–1815)
Divided between the
Sheikdom of Bahrain and its dependencies and the
Emirate of Diriyah (1815–1818)
Part of the
Sheikdom of Bahrain and its dependencies (1818–1850)
Part of the
Emirate of Nejd (1850–1853)
Divided between the
Sheikdom of Bahrain and its dependencies and the
Emirate of Nejd (1853–1867)
Divided between the
Sheikdom of Qatar and the
Emirate of Nejd (1867–1872)
Part of the
Vilayet of Baghdad (
Vilayet (Province) of the
Ottoman Empire) (1872–1916)
Protectorate of Qatar (1916–1971) (Part of the
British Empire)
State of Qatar (1971–present)
|
Russia
[16]
|
Information relative only to
Siberia (Asian part of Russia):
The steppes of
Siberia were occupied by several nomadic peoples, including the
Khitan people, various
Finnic,
Turkic and
Mongol peoples.
Khazar Khaganate (650–969)
Volga Bulgaria (late 9th century – 1240s)
Mongol Empire (1206–1368) (the Mongol Empire conquered larger parts of the area)
Golden Horde (1368–1468)
Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)
Nogai Horde (1440s–1634)
Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)
Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598)
Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771)
Tsardom of Russia (1580 [in Asia]–1721)
Jaxa (1665–1674)
Russian Empire (1721–1917) (a
unitary state)
Russian Republic (1917) (a
federal state)
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) (a
federated state of the
Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991, and a
federal state itself)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991) ( a
federal state)
Russian Federation (1991–present) (a
federal state, currently have 85 federal subjects. Two federal subjects are not internationally recognized as part of Russia.)
Caucasus states:
Circassia (6th century–1864)
Sarir (500?–12th century)
Shamkhalate of Tarki (8th century–1867)
Avar Khanate (13th century–1864)
Simsim (1362–1395)
Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859)
|
Saudi Arabia
|
Dilmun civilization on the east of the Arabian Peninsula (3rd millennium–538 BC)
Kingdom of Thamud (8th century BC–5th century AD)
Lihyanite Kingdom (7th century–24 BC)
Kingdom of Gerrha (650 BC–300 AD)
Qedarite Confederation (9th–1st century BC)
Kingdom of Kinda (450–550) in the center of Arabian Peninsula.
By the late
Bronze Age, a historically recorded people and land (
Midian and the
Midianites) in the north-western portion of Saudi Arabia are well-documented in the
Bible.
[17]
Shortly before the advent of
Islam, apart from urban trading settlements (such as
Mecca and
Medina), much of what was to become Saudi Arabia was populated by nomadic pastoral tribal societies. The east coast was a territory of the
Sassanid Empire
Lakhmid Kingdom (c.300–602)
Muhammad, Prophet of Islam, united all the
tribes of Arabia under the banner of Islam and created a single Arab Muslim religious polity in the Arabian Peninsula. (622–632)
Rashidun Caliphate (632–656), with capital city in
Mecca
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (656–661), (capital city transferred to
Kufa, located in modern
Iraq) Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–945)
Qarmatians established a religious-utopian republic in
Eastern Arabia (899–1076) Western Arabia was part of the
Buyid Empire (945–968) The
Sharifate of Mecca or Emirate of Mecca is established (c. 968). Most of the remainder of what became Saudi Arabia (except the Eastern coast) reverted to traditional tribal rule.
Sharifate of Mecca, part of the
Ayyubid dynasty which conquered what is now Hejaz (1171–1260)
Uyunid Emirate (1076–1253) rules coastal areas in
Eastern Arabia
Usfurids rules coastal areas in
Eastern Arabia (1253–c.1400)
Kingdom of Ormus (1200s–1622) rules coastal areas in
Eastern Arabia
Jabrid Emirate (1400–c.1521) rules coastal areas in
Eastern Arabia.
Sharifate of Mecca, part of the
Mamluk Sultanate which inherited Hejaz from the Ayyubids (1260–1517)
Sharifate of Mecca or Emirate of Mecca (1517–1803),
Habesh Eyalet (1554–1802; 1813–1872),
Lahsa Eyalet (1560–1670), Shariffate/Emirate (Principality) and
Eyalets (word translated to States in modern Turkish, but at the time considered equivalent to Duchies by the Europeans) of the
Ottoman Empire (1517–1804)
Bani Khalid Emirate in
Eastern Arabia (1670–1790)
Emirate of Diriyah (First Saudi State) (1744–1818)
Sharifate of Mecca or Emirate of Meca (1814–1916) (part of the
Ottoman Empire) Part of the
Egypt Eyalet (1818–1824) (part of the
Ottoman Empire)
Emirate of Nejd (Second Saudi State) (1824–1891)
Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921) and
Hejaz Vilayet (1872–1916)
Emirate of Riyadh (1902–1913)
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1913–1921)
Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1926),
Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925),
Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1906–1934),
Principality of Najran (1633–1934) and the
Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1916–1923)
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, a
dual monarchy (1926–1932)
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932–present)
|
Singapore
|
Kingdom of Singapura (1299–1398) Part of the
Majapahit Kingdom (1398–1409) Part of the
Malacca Sultanate (1409–1511) Part of the
Johor Sultanate (1528–1819)
Crown Colony of Singapore (1819–1826) (part of the
British Empire)
Straits Settlements (1826–1946) (part of the
British Empire)
Colony of Singapore (1946–1963) (part of the
British Empire)
State of Singapore (1963–1965) (
state of
Malaysia)
Republic of Singapore (1965–present)
|
Sri Lanka
|
Unified (543 BC–1597)
Sinhala Kingdom (543 BC–1597)
-
Kingdom of Tambapanni (543 BC–437 BC)
-
Principality of Maya Rata (504 BC–1153 AD)
Anuradhapura Kingdom (437 BC–1017 AD)
-
Kingdom of Ruhuna (200 BC–1153 AD)
-
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa (1055–1232)
-
Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1232–1341)
-
Vanni chieftaincies (13th century–1782)
-
Kingdom of Gampola (1341–1371)
Kingdom of Kotte (1371–1597) (Divided after the
Vijayabā Kollaya)
Divided Amongst
Unified (1815–present)
|
Syria
|
Eblaite Kingdom (c. 3000–1600 BC)
Mariote Kingdom (c.2900–1760 BC)
Armi Kingdom (?–2290 BC)
Eblaite Kingdom,
Armi and
Mariote Kingdom, part of the
Akkadian Kingdom (c.2290–c.2266 BC)(2230–2218 BC)
Kingdom of Qatna (2000–1788 BC)
Amurru kingdom (2000–1200 BC)
Yamhad (1810–1517 BC)
Partially part of the
Old Assyrian Kingdom (c.1788 BC–c.1776 BC)
Kingdom of Babylonia (c.1750–1502 BC)
Part of the
Kingdom of Mitanni (c.1600–1260 BC)
Partially part of the
New Kingdom of Egypt (c.1448–1274 BC) and (616–605 BC)
Partially part of the
Hittite Empire (c.1365–1200 BC)
Part of the
Middle Assyrian Kingdom (c.1363–912 BC)
Divided into many
Syro-Hittite states (c.1200–738 BC)
Kingdom of Aram-Damascus (12th century BC–732 BC)
Part of the
New Assyrian Kingdom (c.911–609 BC)
Aramean states (Aram and Hamath) (c.870–840 BC)
Part of the
New Assyrian Kingdom (840 BC–824 BC)
Partially part of the
Kingdom of Urartu (824–717 BC)
Part of the
New Babylonian Kingdom (608–539 BC)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (539 BC–331 BC)
Part of the
Empire of Alexander the Great (331 BC–323 BC)
Part of the
Satrap of
Laomedon of Mytilene (323 BC–305 BC)
Part of the kingdom of
Antigonus I Monophthalmus (305 BC–301 BC)
Part of the
Seleucid Empire (301–85 BC)
Kingdom of Osroene (127–85 BC)
Part of the
Kingdom of Armenia (85–70 BC)
Part of the
Roman Empire (as the Province of
Syria) (69 BC – 395 AD)
Emesene dynasty (46 BC–72 AD)
Kingdom of Palmyra (69–39 BC)
Tanukhids (196–1100)
Palmyrene Empire (270–273)
Ghassanids Kingdom (220–638), vassal of the
Roman Empire
Salihids (4th–6th century BC)
Part of the
Byzantine Empire (395–613) and (627–637)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (613–627)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (637–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–890) and (905–990)
Part of the
Tulunid Emirate (868–905)
Hamdanid Emirate (890–1004)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate and
Hamdanid Emirate (905–945)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate and the
Hamdanid Emirates of Aleppo and Al-Jazira (945–990)
Divided in many states, ruled by different dynasties like the
Hamdanids, the
Numayrids, the
Marwanids, the
Uqaylids (990–1002)
Western regions are Part of the
Fatimid Caliphate. Eastern regions are divided in many states, ruled by different dynasties like the
Numayrids, the
Marwanids, the
Uqaylids (1002–1024)
Divided in many states, ruled by different dynasties like the
Mirdasids, the
Numayrids, the
Marwanids, the
Uqaylids (1024–1082)
Part of the
Seljuk Empire (1082–1121)
1098:
Crusader states established in Syria:
Principality of Antioch (1098–1268) and
County of Edessa (1098–1144)
Crusader states (
Antioch and
Edessa) and the
Artuqid Beylik in the East. In the West the
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1121–1129)
Crusader states (
Antioch and, until 1144,
Edessa) and the
Zengid Emirate (1129–1160)
Principality of Antioch and the Emirates of Mosul and Aleppo, ruled by the
Zengid dynasty (1160–1183)
Principality of Antioch and the
Ayyubid Sultanate (1183–1250)
Principality of Antioch and the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (1250–1264)
Principality of Antioch, the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the West. The
Ilkhanate in the East (1264–1268)
Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the West and of the
Ilkhanate in the East (1268–1340)
Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the West and of the
Artuqid Beylik in the East (1340–1395)
Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the West and of the
Timurid Empire in the East (1395–1405)
1405–1510: Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the West and of the
Aq Qoyunlu in the East
1510–1516: Part of the
Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in the West and of the
Safavid Empire in the East
Divided in
Rakka Eyalet,
Damascus Eyalet,
Tripoli Eyalet and
Aleppo Eyalet (1534–1864) (
Eyalets (States) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Divided in
Aleppo Vilayet,
Beirut Vilayet and
Syria Vilayet (1864–1917) (
Vilayets (Provinces) of the
Ottoman Empire)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Alawite State (1920–1936) and
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
Jabal Druze State (1921–1936) and
State of Aleppo (1920–1924) and
State of Damascus (1920–1924), later
State of Syria (1924–1930)
Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946)
Syrian Republic (1946–1958)
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)
Syrian Arab Republic (opposition) (
2011–present)
Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (2013–present)
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Tajikistan
|
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (520 BC-329 BC)
Part of the
Kushan Empire (110–230)
Part of the
Hephtalites domains (353–570)
Principality of Ushrusana (660–893)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (760–819)
Part of the
Samanid Amirate (819–999)
Divided between the
Kara-Khanid Khanate and the
Ghaznavid Sultanate (999–1089)
Divided between the
Seljuk Sultanate and the
Ghaznavid Sultanate (1089–1139)
Divided between the
Qara Khitai and the
Ghaznavid Sultanate (1089–1152)
Divided between the
Qara Khitai and the
Ghurid Sultanate (1152–1193)
Divided between the
Khwarazmian Sultanate and the
Ghurid Sultanate (1193–1205)
Part of the
Khwarazmian Sultanate (1205–1221)
Part of the
Mongol Empire (1221–1256)
Part of the
Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
Part of the
Mihrabanid Kingdom (1335–1382)
Part of the
Timurid Emirate (1382–1470)
Divided between the
Timurid Emirate and the
Uzbek Khanate (1470–1500)
Part of the
Uzbek Khanate (1500–1506)
Part of the
Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1785)
Part of the
Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1867)
Part of the
Russian Turkestan (1867–1920) (
Krai of the
Russian Empire,
Russian Republic and
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) Part of the
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1924) (
autonomous republic of
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, itself a
federated state of the
Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991)
Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1929) (
autonomous Soviet socialist republic of the
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic,
federated state of the
Soviet Union from 1924 to 1991)
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (
federated state of the
Soviet Union from 1924 to 1991)
Republic of Tajikistan (1991–present)
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Thailand
|
Dvaravati Kingdom (7th–11th century) Regional states:
Hariphunchai (629–1292),
Kingdom of Hiran (638–1292),
Kingdom of Lavo (648–1388) (conquered by Ayutthaya Siam),
Phayao Kingdom (1094–1338) (conquered by Lan Na),
Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438) (conquered by Ayutthaya Siam),
Lan Na Kingdom (1292–1775) (successor state of the Kingdom of Hiran) (joined Thonburi Siam in 1775),
Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (13th century–1782) (joined Rattanakosin Siam in 1782)
Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam (1350–1767) (Foreigners started to use the
exonym Siam to refer to the country during this era), occupied by the
Toungoo dynasty of Myanmar from 1564–1593
Thonburi Kingdom of Siam (1767–1782)
Kingdom of Chiang Mai (1802–1899)
Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (1782–1932)
Kingdom of Thailand (1932–present) (officially named Siam until 1939 and from 1946 to 1948)
|
Timor-Leste (East Timor)
|
Wehali (unknown-1358)
Wehali, part of the
Majapahit Kingdom (1358–1490)
Wehali (1490–1702, from 1515 within the Portuguese sphere of influence)
Portuguese Timor (1702–1975) (Part of the
Portuguese Empire)
Timor Timur (1975–1999) (created during the
Indonesian occupation of East Timor)
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (1999–2002)
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (2002–present)
|
Turkey
|
Information relative to
Anatolia:
The territory that today is Turkey was inhabited by
Hattian and
Hurrian tribes (c.3500 BCE–2550 BCE)
The territory that today is Turkey was inhabited by
Hattian,
Hurrian,
Kaskians and
Anatolian tribes (c.2550 BCE–2000 BCE)
The territory that today is Turkey was inhabited by
Hattian,
Hittite,
Hurrian,
Luwian and
Anatolian tribes (c.2000 BCE–1600 BCE)
Kingdom of Hattusa (also called the Hittite Empire) (1650–1190)
Assuwa, a
confederation (or league) of 22 ancient Anatolian states, was formed some time before 1400 BC, when it was defeated by the Kingdom of Hattusa.
Troy was one of the members of the confederation (1600 BCE-1400 BCE)
Kizzuwatna (1600 –1220 BC)
Arzawa (a "kingdom" or a federation of local powers,
Troy was one of the members) (1400 BCE–1325 BCE)
Kingdom of Lydia (1200 BCE–546 BCE)
Divided in many states, like
Lycia,
Isuwa,
Phrygia,
Lycaonia,
Lukka,
Tabal,
Pala,
Hubushkia,
Pamphylia,
Paphlagonia,
Purushanda,
Kingdom of Cilicia
Diauehi, and
Mushki. Around 900 BCE the
Greeks began to establish colonies on the coast. Those colonies will exist until c.300 BCE (1178 BCE–608 BCE)
Eastern regions falls under the rule of the
Assyrian Empire and
Kingdom of Ararat (707 BCE–609 BCE)
Kingdom of Lydia conquers all the west of Anatolia. The eastern regions part of the
Median Empire (609 BCE–550 BCE)
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (550–334 BC)
Part of the
Empire of
Alexander the Great (334–306 BC)
Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC – 17 AD)
Antigonid Kingdom (306 BC–301 BC)
Seleucid Empire (301 BC–131 BC)
Kingdom of Pergamon (282–129 BC)
Kingdom of Pontus (281 – 62 AD)
Galatia (280 – 64 BC)
Kingdom of Sophene (3rd century BC–95 BC)
Commagene (163 BC – 72 AD)
Western region of Anatolia part of the
Roman Republic. (131 BC–64 BC)
Part of the
Roman Republic (64 – 27 BC)
Part of the
Roman Empire (27 BC – 395 AD)
Part of the Eastern Roman Empire (called
Byzantine Empire by historians, but in its time period was known simply as Roman Empire), that in the 660s replaced the Ancient Roman provinces by the
themes (395–1204)
Marwanid dynasty (983/900 – 1085)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Sultanate of Rum and
Anatolian beyliks (1077–1308), part of the
Great Seljuk Sultanate (Rum means Rome in Turkish)
Divided in
Latin Empire,
Empire of Nicaea,
Empire of Trebizond,
Principality of Bitlis,
Kurdish emirates, the
Sultanate of Rum(The Empire of Nicaea is considered the legitimate continuation of the Byzantine Empire because it managed to retake Constantinople.)
Beylik of Karaman (1250–1487) Part of the Eastern Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire (1261–1453)
Part of the
Ottoman Empire (officially The Sublime Ottoman State) (1299–1920) (Ottoman Beylik (Principality) from 1299 until 1363, Ottoman Sultanate (Kingdom) from 1363 until 1453, in addition to the
temporal power as a sultan, the heads of the
House of Osman also had spiritual power as Caliphs of Islam from 1517 to 1924)
Ottoman Empire, (1920–1923) occupied by
Greece,
Italy,
France,
United Kingdom and
Armenia (
Treaty of Sèvres) (Republican Turks, led by General
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk initiate the
Turkish War of Independence to expel foreign occupation troops and at the same time wage a civil war against Turkish monarchists, seen as collaborationists by the republicans).
Republic of Turkey (1923–present) (The President
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (
temporal power) abolished the monarchic
Ottoman Caliphate and
Shaykh al-Islām offices and replaced it by the
Presidency of Religious Affairs (spiritual power) to be the highest spiritual authority to Sunni Muslims in Turkey)
|
Turkmenistan
|
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (540 BC- 333 BC)
Part of the
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (256–120 BC)
Part of the
Seleucid Empire (c. 200–187 BC)
Part of the
Parthian Empire (187 BC-220 AD)
Part of the
Kushan Empire (30–220)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (230–643)
Partially part of the
Hephthalites (359–570)
Kingdom of Guzgan (7th–11th century)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (643–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–822)
Part of the
Samanid Empire (819–999)
Divided between the
Samanid Amirate and the
Tahirid Emirate (822–865)
Part of the
Saffarid Emirate (865–1041)
Part of the
Ghaznavid Sultanate (999–1037)
Divided between the
Ghaznavid Sultanate and the
Saffarid Emirate (1037–1041)
Part of the
Great Sejulk Sultanate (1041–1194)
Part of the
Khwarazmian Kingdom (1194–1231)
Part of the
Mongol Empire (1231–1264)
Part of the
Ilkhanate (1264–1335)
Partially part of the
Kartid Kingdom (1335–1382)
Part of the
Timurid Emirate (1382–1500)
Part of the
Uzbek Khanate (1494–1511)
Khanate of Khiva (1511–1874)
Russian Turkestan (1867–1918) (
Krai of the
Russian Empire)
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924) (
autonomous republic of
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, itself a
federated state of the
Soviet Union),
Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925),
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (
federated state of the
Soviet Union 1922–1991)
Turkmenistan (1991–present)
|
United Arab Emirates
|
Magan (civilization) (2300 – 550 BC) (Part of the State of Medina (628–632)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–870)
Part of the
Qarmatian Republic (899–1077)
Wajihid Emirate (926–965)
Part of the
Great Seljuk Empire (1046–1158)
Part of the
Nabhanid Kingdom of Oman (1155–1622)
Part of the
Uyunid State (1076–1253)
Part of the
Kingdom of Ormus (1307–1487)
Part of
Emirate of Diriyah (1727–1818)
Trucial States (1820–1971) (
British protectorate, part of the
British Empire)
United Arab Emirates (1971–present) (a
federal state composed of 7
emirates)
|
Uzbekistan
|
Part of the
Achaemenid Empire (c.530 BCE-330 BCE)
Sogdian city-states (5th century BC–11th century AD)
Part of the
Macedonian Empire (330 BCE-323 BCE)
Part of the
Seleucid Empire (305 BCE-256 BCE)
Part of the
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (256 BCE-c.145 BCE)
Kangju (c.100 BCE (?) – c.400s CE)
Part of the
Kushan Empire (30–230)
Part of the
Sassanid Empire (230–359)
Part of the
Hephthalite domains (c.440-c.566)
Part of the
First Turkic Khaganate (c.566–580)
Part of the
Western Turkic Khaganate (580–657)
Part of the
Protectorate General to Pacify the West, protectorate of the
Tang Empire (657–756)
Principality of Khuttal (676–765)
Principality of Farghana (712–819)
Samanid Amirate, dependency of the
Abbasid Caliphate (819–900)
Samanid Amirate (900–999)
Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1212)
Great Seljuk Sultanate (1087–1137)
Part of the
Qara Khitai Empire, also known as Great Liao Empire(1137–1218)
Part of the
Mongol Empire (1218–1226)
Part of the
Chagatai Khanate (1226–1370)
Timurid Emirate (1370–1437)
Uzbek Khanate (1437–1506)
Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1785)
Khanate of Kokand (1709–1876)
Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1873)
Part of the
Russian Empire as
Emirate of Bukhara (1873–1917)
Emirate of Bukhara (1917–1920)
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1924)
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991) (
federated state of the
Soviet Union 1922–1991)
Republic of Uzbekistan (1991–present)
|
Vietnam
|
Kingdom of Xích Quỷ (2879–2524 BC) (semi-mythical)
Kingdom of Văn Lang (524–258 BC)
Kingdom of Âu Lạc (257 BCE–180 BCE)
Kingdom of Nanyue (
Nanyue Empire during the reigns of
Zhao Tuo and
Zhao Mo) (204 BC–111 BC)
Vietnam under Chinese rule (111 BC – 40 AD)
Kingdom of Lĩnh Nam (
Trưng sisters rebelion) (40–43) (not recognized by the
Han Empire)
Vietnam under Chinese rule (43–544)
Kingdom of Champa (192–1832)
Empire of Vạn Xuân (544–602)
Vietnam under Chinese rule (602–939)
Principality of Tĩnh Hải, independent principality (939–967)
Đại Việt Empire (968–1400)
Cobra Kingdom (11th century–1432)
Đại Ngu Empire (1400–1407)
Vietnam under Chinese rule
Đại Việt Empire (1427–1804)
Sip Song Chau Tai (17th century–1954)
Principality of Hà Tiên (1707–1832)
Empire of Vietnam, under the
Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1887) still nominally enthroned until 1945
French Indochina (1887–1940; 1945–1946) (federation of colonial possessions of the
French Empire, Vietnamese constituents below)
-
Colony of Cochinchina (1862–1949)
-
Annam Protectorate (1884–1949)
-
Tonkin Protectorate (1884–1949)
Occupied by the
Empire of Great Japan (1940–1944)
State of Vietnam (1949–1955) (provisional government, official successor of French Indochina)
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (1945–1976)
Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1955–1975)
Republic of South Vietnam (1976) (existed from 1969 as Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, an underground opposition to
South Vietnam, later a transitional government)
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)
|
Yemen
|
Kingdom of Saba (c.1200 BCE – 275 CE)
Kingdom of Ḥaḑramawt (c.800 BCE – 300 CE)
Kingdom of Awsan (800 BCE – 500 BCE)
Kingdom of Ma'in (800 BCE – 100 BCE)
Kingdom of Qatabān (c.400 BCE – 200 CE)
Kingdom of Ḥimyar (c.200 BCE – 525 CE)
Part of the
Kingdom of Aksum (525–570)
Part of the
Sassanian Empire (570–630)
Part of the
State of Medina (630–632)
Part of the
Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Part of the
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the
Abbasid Caliphate (750–819)
Ziyadid Emirate, autonomous state within the
Abbasid Caliphate (819–945)
Yu'firids (847–997)
Ziyadid Emirate, independent state (945–1018)
Divided in many Yemeni states as the
Najahid Emirate (1022/1050–1158),
Sulayhid Sultanate (1047–1138),
Sulaymanids (1063–1174),
Zurayids (1083–1174) and the
Mahdids (1159–1174)
Part of the
Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1174–1229)
Rasulid Sultanate of Yemen (1229–1454)
Kathiri State of Seiyun, independent state (1395–1654), conquered by the Zaidi Imamate
Mahra Sultanate, independent state (1432–1658), conquered by the Zaidi Imamate
Tahirid Sultanate of Yemen (1454–1517)
Yemen Eyalet (1517–1636) (
eyalet of the
Ottoman Empire)
Zaidi Imamate (1597–1686) (gradually expelled the Ottomans from the territory of modern Yemen by 1636) and some small states in its orbit
Kathiri State of Seiyun, independent state (1686–1886), regained independence
Mahra Sultanate, independent state (1686–1872), regained independence
Divided in severall states, including the
Zaidi Imamate,
Kathiri State of Seiyun,
Mahra Sultanate,
Alawi Sheikhdom,
Beda Sultanate,
Emirate of Beihan,
Fadhli Sultanate, etc (1686–1849)
Yemen Eyalet (1849–1872) (
eyalet of the
Ottoman Empire) in the north, the south continued divided in small states
Yemen Vilayet (1872–1918) (
vilayet of the
Ottoman Empire) in the north
Aden Protectorate (1872–1963), part of the
British Empire in the south (Self-ruling sultanates, emirates and sheikdoms under British protection)
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962) in the north
Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) (1962–1990)
Federation of South Arabia (1963–1967) in the south
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) (1967–1990) (1967–1970 named People's Republic of Southern Yemen)
Republic of Yemen (1990–present)
Democratic Republic of Yemen (1994)
Republic of Yemen (
Supreme Political Council) (2014–present,
Houthi government)
Southern Transitional Council (2018–present)
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