Country/Region
|
Official language
|
Regional language
|
Minority language
|
National language
|
Widely spoken
|
Abkhazia
[a]
|
|
|
Georgian
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Afghanistan
[1]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Albania
[2]
|
Albanian
|
|
|
|
Italian
|
Algeria
[3]
|
|
|
|
|
French
|
Andorra
|
Catalan
[4]
|
|
|
|
|
Angola
[5]
|
Portuguese
|
|
|
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
English
[6]
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina
|
None (
Spanish has
de facto status)
|
|
|
|
|
Armenia
|
Armenian
|
|
|
Armenian (state language)
[9]
|
Russian
|
Australia
|
None (
English has de facto status)
|
|
|
|
|
Austria
[10]
[11]
|
German
|
|
|
German (state language)
|
English
|
Azerbaijan
|
Azerbaijani
|
|
|
Azerbaijani (state language)
[12]
|
Russian
|
Bahamas
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Bahrain
|
Arabic
|
|
English
|
|
|
Bangladesh
|
Bengali
|
|
|
Bengali
|
|
Barbados
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Belarus
|
|
|
|
Belarusian
|
|
Belgium
|
|
|
|
|
English
|
Belize
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Benin
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Bhutan
|
Dzongkha
|
|
|
|
|
Bolivia
[14]
|
|
|
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
None (
Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian all have de facto status)
|
|
|
|
|
Botswana
|
English
|
|
|
Tswana
|
|
Brazil
|
Portuguese
[16]
|
- German (in
Pomerode
[17])
-
East Pomeranian (in
Pancas,
[18]
[19]
Santa Maria de Jetibá,
[20]
[21]
Domingos Martins,
[22]
Itarana,
[23]
[24]
Laranja da Terra,
[22]
Vila Pavão
[22] and
Canguçu
[22])
-
Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (in Antônio Carlos,
Santa Catarina,
[25] and in
Santa Maria do Herval,
Rio Grande do Sul
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29])
-
Talian (in
Bento Gonçalves,
[30]
[31]
[32]
Caxias do Sul,
[33]
Flores da Cunha
[34]
[35]
[36]
Nova Roma do Sul
[37]
[38] and
Serafina Corréa
[39])
-
Nheengatu,
Baniwa,
Tucano (in
São Gabriel de Cachoeira,
Amazonas)
[40]
[41]
-
Guaraní (in
Tacuru,
Mato Grosso do Sul)
[42]
|
|
Portuguese
|
|
Brunei
|
Malay
|
|
|
|
|
Bulgaria
|
Bulgarian
|
|
|
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Burundi
[43]
[44]
|
|
|
|
Kirundi
|
Swahili
|
Cambodia
|
Khmer
|
|
|
|
|
Cameroon
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada
|
|
|
- Chipewyan
- Cree
- Gwich'in
- Inuinnaqtun
- Inuktitut
- Inuvialuktun
- Mi'kmaq
- North Slavey
- South Slavey
- Tłı̨chǫ
|
|
|
Cape Verde
|
Portuguese
|
|
|
Cape Verdean Creole
|
|
Central African Republic
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chad
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chile
|
Spanish
|
Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories
[45]
|
|
|
|
China
|
Standard Chinese
|
|
|
|
Other
Sinitic languages
|
Christmas Island
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
|
|
|
|
|
Malay
|
Colombia
|
Spanish
|
Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories
[46]
|
|
|
|
Comoros
|
|
|
|
|
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Republic of the Congo
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cook Islands
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costa Rica
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Croatia
|
Croatian
|
|
|
- Italian (Istria County)
- Romani (non-territorial)
- Slovene (non-territorial)
|
English
|
Cuba
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Cyprus
|
|
|
|
|
English
|
Czech Republic
|
|
|
|
Czech
|
|
Denmark
|
Danish
|
|
German (in
Southern Jutland)
|
|
English
|
Djibouti
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dominica
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
East Timor
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ecuador
[52]
|
|
Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories
|
|
|
|
Egypt
|
Arabic
|
|
Coptic
|
Egyptian Arabic
|
|
El Salvador
|
Spanish
|
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
- French
- Portuguese
- Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Eritrea
|
Tigrinya
|
|
|
|
|
Estonia
|
Estonian
|
|
|
|
Russian
|
Eswatini
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethiopia
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiji
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finland
|
|
|
Sami (in
Enontekiö,
Inari,
Sodankylä,
Utsjoki)
|
|
English
|
France
|
French
[53]
|
|
|
|
Occitan language
|
Gabon
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Gambia
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Georgia
|
Georgian
|
|
|
|
Russian
|
Germany
|
German
[54]
|
|
- Danish
- Lower Sorbian
- North Frisian
- Romani
[55]
- Upper Sorbian
|
|
English
|
Ghana
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Greece
|
Greek
|
|
|
|
|
Grenada
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Guatemala
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Guinea
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
Portuguese
|
|
|
|
|
Guyana
|
English
|
|
|
|
Guyanese Creole
|
Haiti
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honduras
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Hungary
|
Hungarian
[56]
|
|
|
|
|
Iceland
|
|
|
|
|
|
India
|
|
-
22 official languages -
Assamese,
Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati,
Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam,
Meitei (
Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali,
Odia (
Oriya), Punjabi,
Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi,
Tamil,
Telugu, and
Urdu.
|
|
|
|
Indonesia
|
Indonesian
|
|
|
|
|
Iran
|
Persian
|
|
|
Persian
|
|
Iraq
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ireland
[61]
|
|
|
|
Irish
|
|
Israel
|
Hebrew
|
Arabic
|
English
|
|
|
Italy
|
Italian
|
|
|
|
Other
Italo-Dalmatian languages
|
Ivory Coast
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Jamaica
|
English
|
|
|
Jamaican Patois
|
|
Japan
|
None (
Japanese has de facto status)
|
|
|
Japanese
|
|
Jordan
|
Arabic
|
|
- Circassian
- Chechen
- Armenian
|
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
|
|
Kazakh
|
|
Kenya
|
|
|
|
Swahili
|
|
Kiribati
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Korea
|
Korean
|
|
|
|
|
South Korea
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kosovo
[a]
|
|
Turkish
|
|
- Albanian (nationwide)
- Serbian (Northern Kosovo)
|
|
Kuwait
|
Standard Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
|
|
|
Kyrgyz
|
|
Laos
|
Lao
|
|
|
|
|
Latvia
|
Latvian
[62]
[63]
|
|
|
|
Russian
|
Lebanon
|
Arabic
|
Arabic
|
Armenian
|
|
|
Lesotho
|
|
|
|
Sotho
|
|
Liberia
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Libya
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
German
|
|
|
|
|
Lithuania
|
Lithuanian
|
|
|
|
|
Luxembourg
|
|
|
|
Luxembourgish
|
|
Madagascar
|
|
|
|
Malagasy
|
|
Malawi
|
|
|
|
Chichewa
|
|
Malaysia
|
Malay
[f]
|
Regional/State dialects
|
|
Malay
|
|
Maldives
|
Dhivehi
|
|
|
Dhivehi
|
English
|
Mali
|
|
|
French
|
|
|
Malta
|
|
|
|
Maltese
|
|
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
[a]
|
Italian
|
|
|
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mauritania
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
French
|
Mauritius
|
English
Mauritian Creole (Also known as 'Morisien')
|
|
English
|
|
|
Mexico
|
None (Spanish has de facto status)
|
|
|
68 National languages
|
|
Federated States of Micronesia
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Moldova
|
Romanian
|
|
|
|
|
Monaco
[65]
|
French
|
|
|
|
Monégasque
|
Mongolia
|
Mongolian
|
|
|
|
|
Montenegro
|
Montenegrin
|
|
|
|
|
Morocco
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mozambique
|
Portuguese
|
|
|
|
|
Myanmar (Burma)
|
Burmese
|
|
|
|
English
|
Namibia
[66]
|
English
|
|
|
Afrikaans
|
|
Nauru
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nepal
|
Nepali
[67]
|
|
|
all languages spoken as the mother tongue in Nepal
[68]
|
|
Netherlands
|
Dutch
|
|
|
|
English
|
New Zealand
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nicaragua
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Niger
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Nigeria
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Niue
|
|
|
|
|
|
Norfolk Island
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Macedonia
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Cyprus
[a]
|
Turkish
|
|
|
|
|
Norway
|
|
|
|
|
English
|
Oman
|
Arabic
|
|
Shehri
|
|
|
Pakistan
|
|
|
|
Urdu
|
|
Palau
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palestine
[a]
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
Panama
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paraguay
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peru
|
Spanish
|
Quechua,
Aymara and another native languages are official wherever they predominate
|
|
|
|
Philippines
|
|
|
Arabic
[g] (optional language)
Spanish
[g] (optional language) (
+ over 100 more minority languages)
|
|
|
Poland
|
Polish
|
Kashubian (
Pomeranian Voivodeship)
|
|
|
English
|
Portugal
|
Portuguese
|
Mirandese (
Terra de Miranda)
|
|
|
English
|
Qatar
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
Romania
|
Romanian
|
|
- Armenian
- German
- Hungarian
- Romani
- Russian
- Serbian
- Slovak
- Tatar
- Turkish
- Ukrainian
|
|
|
Russia
|
Russian
|
(
33 languages)
|
|
|
|
Rwanda
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
[a]
|
|
|
|
Arabic
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Samoa
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Marino
|
Italian
|
|
|
|
|
São Tomé and Príncipe
|
Portuguese
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
- Indian Languages
- Filipino
- Bengali
|
Senegal
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Serbia
|
Serbian
|
|
(
15 languages)
|
|
|
Seychelles
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
English
|
|
|
Krio
|
|
Singapore
|
|
|
|
Malay
|
|
Slovakia
|
Slovak
|
|
- Bulgarian
- Czech
- German
- Hungarian
- Polish
- Romani
- Rusyn
- Serbian
- Ukrainian
|
|
|
Slovenia
|
Slovene
|
|
|
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Somalia
|
Somali, Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
Somaliland
[a]
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Africa
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Ossetia
[a]
|
|
Georgian
|
Georgian
|
|
|
South Sudan
|
English
|
|
|
|
|
Spain
|
Spanish
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
|
|
|
English
|
Sudan
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suriname
|
Dutch
|
|
|
Sranan Tongo
|
|
Sweden
|
Swedish
|
|
- Finnish (
Gällivare,
Haparanda,
Kiruna,
Pajala,
Övertorneå)
-
Meänkieli (Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneå)
- Sami (
Arjeplog, Gällivare,
Jokkmokk, Kiruna)
- Yiddish
- Romani
|
English
|
Switzerland
|
- French (Bern, Fribourg,
Geneva,
Jura,
Neuchâtel, Valais,
Vaud)
- German (
Aargau,
Appenzell Ausserrhoden,
Appenzell Innerrhoden,
Basel-Landschaft,
Basel-Stadt,
Bern,
Fribourg,
Glarus,
Graubünden,
Lucerne,
Nidwalden,
Obwalden,
Saint Gallen,
Schaffhausen,
Schwyz,
Solothurn,
Thurgau,
Uri,
Valais,
Zug,
Zürich)
- Italian (
Ticino, Graubünden)
-
Romansh (Graubünden)
|
|
|
|
|
Syria
|
Arabic
|
Kurdish
|
- Assyrian
- Western Neo-Aramaic
- Armenian
|
|
|
Taiwan
[a]
|
None (
Mandarin Chinese has de facto status)
|
|
|
|
|
Tajikistan
|
Tajik
|
|
|
Tajik
|
Russian
|
Tanzania
|
|
|
|
Swahili
|
|
Thailand
|
Central Thai
|
|
Sixty-two 'domestic' languages are officially recognized
|
|
Burmese
|
Togo
|
French
|
|
|
|
|
Tokelau
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonga
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transnistria
[a]
|
- Moldovan
- Russian
- Ukrainian
|
|
|
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
English
|
|
|
|
Trinidadian Creole
|
Tunisia
|
Arabic
|
|
|
Arabic
|
|
Turkey
|
Turkish
|
|
Kurdish
|
Turkish
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
Turkmen
|
|
|
Turkmen
|
Russian
|
Tuvalu
|
|
|
|
|
Uganda
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ukraine
|
Ukrainian
|
|
|
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
English
|
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies etc.
|
None (
English has de facto status)
|
|
|
|
|
United States
|
None (
English has de facto status)
|
(
28 languages)
|
|
Several
indigenous languages of recognized federal tribes
|
|
Uruguay
|
- None (Spanish has de facto status)
- Uruguayan Sign Language
|
|
|
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
Uzbek
|
|
|
|
Russian
|
Vanuatu
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vatican City
|
|
|
|
|
Swiss German
|
Venezuela
|
|
|
Native languages are official for indigenous peoples
|
|
|
Vietnam
|
Vietnamese
|
|
|
Vietnamese
|
|
Yemen
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
Zambia
|
English
|
|
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
|
|
|
|
|