From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of the events of 1868 in science
The year 1868 in
science and
technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
Chemistry
Medicine
Paleontology
Technology
Awards
Births
January 9 –
S. P. L. Sørensen (died
1939 ), Danish
chemist .
January 31 –
Theodore William Richards (died
1928 ), American chemist, recipient of
Nobel Prize in Chemistry .
February 7 –
Aleen Cust (died
1937 ), Anglo-Irish
veterinary surgeon .
March 15 –
Grace Chisholm Young (died
1944 ), English
mathematician .
March 22 –
Robert Andrews Millikan (died
1953 ), American
physicist , recipient of
Nobel Prize in Physics .
[19]
April 4
April 5 –
Percy Furnivall (died
1938 ), English
surgeon .
April 8 –
Herbert Spencer Jennings (died
1947 ), American
zoologist .
April 14 –
Annie S. D. Maunder , née Russell (died
1947 ), Irish
astronomer .
April 28 –
Georgy Voronoy (died
1908 ), Ukrainian mathematician.
April 30 –
J. B. Christopherson (died 1955), English
physician .
May 2 –
Robert W. Wood (died
1955 ), American optical physicist.
June 6 –
Robert Falcon Scott (died
1912 ), English
explorer .
June 7 –
John Sealy Townsend (died
1957 ), Irish mathematical physicist.
[21]
June 14 –
Karl Landsteiner (died
1943 ), Austrian
physiologist .
July 4 –
Henrietta Swan Leavitt (died
1921 ), American astronomer.
[22]
October 23 –
Frederick W. Lanchester (died
1946 ), English
automotive engineer .
November 8 –
Felix Hausdorff (died
1942 ), German mathematician.
November 14 –
Karl Landsteiner (died
1943 ), Austrian-born physiologist, recipient of
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .
[23]
November 15 –
Emil Racoviță (died
1947 ), Romanian biologist,
speleologist and explorer.
November 17 –
Korbinian Brodmann (died
1918 ), German
neurologist .
December 5 –
Arnold Sommerfeld (died
1951 ), German theoretical physicist.
[24]
December 9 –
Fritz Haber (died
1934 ), German chemist.
[25]
Deaths
February 10 – Sir
David Brewster , Scottish physicist (born
1781 )
[26]
February 11 –
Léon Foucault (born
1819 ), French physicist.
[27]
February 24 –
John Herapath (born
1790 ), English physicist.
May 22 –
Julius Plücker (born
1801 ), German mathematician and physicist.
June 25 –
Alexander Mitchell (born
1780 ), Irish engineer and
inventor of the
screw-pile lighthouse .
June 29 –
Sir John Lillie , British army officer, entrepreneur and inventor (born
1790 )
July 15 –
William T. G. Morton (born
1819 ), American dentist.
August 29 –
Christian Friedrich Schönbein , German chemist and inventor of the fuel cell (born
1799 )
[28]
September 26 –
August Ferdinand Möbius (born
1790 ), German mathematician and astronomer
[29]
December 25 –
Linus Yale, Jr. (born
1821 ), American engineer and inventor.
[30]
December 31 –
James David Forbes (born
1809 ), Scottish-born physicist, glaciologist and seismologist.
References
^
"The Great French Wine Blight" . Wine Tidings . 96 . July–August 1986. Archived from
the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-01 .
^ Published in Transactions 26 (3) (1870): 497.
^
"Roland Trimen, 1840-1916" .
Proceedings of the Royal Society B . 91 (641): xviii–xxvii. 1920.
doi :
10.1098/rspb.1920.0020 .
JSTOR
80995 .
^
Ley, Willy (1959).
Exotic Zoology . New York: Viking Press.
^ Martin, Megan (2005).
"Smith, Maria Ann (1799–1870)" .
Australian Dictionary of Biography . Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 2012-01-27 .
^ Kochhar, R. K. (1991). "French astronomers in India during the 17th –19th centuries". Journal of the British Astronomical Association . 101 (2): 95–100.
Bibcode :
1991JBAA..101...95K .
^ Hampel, Clifford A. (1968). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 256–268.
ISBN
0-442-15598-0 .
^ Coe, Brian (1978). Colour Photography: the first hundred years 1840-1940 . London: Ash & Grant.
ISBN
0-904069-24-9 .
^ Enerson, Ole Daniel.
"Jean-Martin Charcot" .
Whonamedit? .
Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-11 .
^ Charcot, J.-M. (1868). "Histologie de la sclerose en plaques". Gazette des Hopitaux . 41 . Paris: 554–55.
^ Killian, Gustvan (1911).
"The history of bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy" . The Laryngoscope . 21 (9): 891–7.
doi :
10.1288/00005537-191109000-00001 .
S2CID
73388145 .
^ Modlin, Irvin M.; Kidd, Mark; Lye, Kevin D. (2004).
"From the Lumen to the Laparoscope" .
Archives of Surgery . 139 (10): 1110–26.
doi :
10.1001/archsurg.139.10.1110 .
PMID
15492154 . Retrieved 2011-10-17 .
^ Elewaut, A.; Cremer, M. (2002).
"The History of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — The European Perspective" . In Classen, Meinhard; Tytgat, Guido N.J.; Lightdale, Charles J. (eds.). Gastroenterological endoscopy . Stuttgart: Thieme. p. 17.
ISBN
978-1-58890-013-5 . Retrieved 2010-09-06 .
^ Vilardell, F. (2006).
"Rigid gastroscopes" . Digestive endoscopy in the second millennium: from the Lichtleiter to echoendoscopy . Stuttgart: Thieme. pp. 32–5.
ISBN
978-3-13-139671-6 . Retrieved 2010-09-06 .
^
US79265 .
^ No 79985.
^ Maxwell, James Clerk (1868). "On Governors". Proceedings of the Royal Society . 16 (100). London: 270–283.
doi :
10.1098/rspl.1867.0055 .
JSTOR
112510 .
^
"Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 23 July 2020 .
^
"Robert A. Millikan - Biographical" . www.nobelprize.org .
^ Lamb, Gregory M. (July 5, 2005).
"Before computers, there were these humans..." Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved January 1, 2020 .
^ Von Engel, A. (1957). "John Sealy Edward Townsend. 1868-1957".
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 3 : 256–272.
doi :
10.1098/rsbm.1957.0018 .
^ Todd, Deborah; Angelo, Joseph (2003). A to Z of Scientists in Space and Astronomy . New York: Facts of File. p. 200.
ISBN
978-0-81604-639-3 .
^ Rous, P. (1947). "Karl Landsteiner. 1868–1943". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society . 5 (15): 294–324.
doi :
10.1098/rsbm.1947.0002 .
JSTOR
769085 .
S2CID
161789667 .
^ Born, Max, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, 1868–1951 , Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society Volume 8, Number 21, pp. 274–296 (1952)
^ Goran, Morris (1967).
The Story of Fritz Haber . University of Oklahoma Press. p. 38.
ISBN
978-0-8061-0756-1 . Retrieved 30 April 2021 .
^ Gordon, Margaret Maria (1881).
The home life of sir David Brewster . D. Douglas. pp.
231 –236. Retrieved 18 September 2011 .
^ John Guy Porter; Patrick Moore (1967).
Yearbook of Astronomy . W. W. Norton. p. 47.
^ Partington, J. R. (1964). History of Chemistry . London: Macmillan Education, Limited. p. 190.
ISBN
9781349005543 .
^ Franceschetti, Donald (1999). Biographical encyclopedia of mathematicians . New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 377.
ISBN
9780761470717 .
^ Day, Lance (1996). Biographical dictionary of the history of technology . London New York: Routledge. p. 1345.
ISBN
9781134650194 .