July 10, 1940:
Pierre Laval induces Parliament to vote complete powers (constituent, legislative, executive and judicial) to Marshal
Philippe Pétain who becomes
Head of state of the
French State (État français).
July 21, 1940: Minister of Justice
Raphaël Alibert creates a board to review 500,000 naturalizations accorded since 1927. Withdrawal of nationality for 15,000 people, 40% of whom were Jews.
July 1940: Germans expel more than 20,000
Alsace-Lorraine Jews to the southern zone.
September 27, 1940: Ordinance on the
status of Jews in the
Occupied Zone. A census of Jews ("the
Tulard file") and obligatory sign "Juif" meaning "Jew" on shops owned by Jews.
September 27, 1940: A Vichy law allows any foreigner "redundant to the French economy" to be interned among "groups of foreign workers".
October 3, 1940: first
law on the status of Jews. French Jewish citizens are excluded from civil service, army, education, the press, radio and film. "Surplus" Jews are excluded from the professions. Article 9: This law is applicable to Algeria, to the
colonies, protectorates and mandated
territories.
October 4, 1940: prefects can detain foreigners of Jewish extraction in special camps or to assign residence.
October 7, 1940: repeal of the 1871
Crémieux Decree; French nationality is removed from Jews from
Algeria.
May 14, 1941: the
green ticket roundup (rafle du billet vert) organized by the
Prefecture of Police with the agreement of the general delegation of the French government in the occupied zone and upon demand by the occupying authorities: 3,747 Jewish foreigners, (out of 6,494 summoned by the prefecture) were crammed into the
Pithiviers and
Beaune-la-Rolande internment camps under French administration.[1][full citation needed]
June 2, 1941:
Second law on the status of Jews Law of 2 June 194, the second
law concerning Jews. Compared to the first one, an increasingly stringent definition of who is a Jew, additional professional work restrictions, quotas in University (3%) and the liberal professions (2%). Jews were obligated to take part in a census in the Zone libre. Article 11 of the Statute: "This law is applicable to Algeria, the colonies, protectorates and territories under mandate. This law authorizes prefects to perform
administrative detention of Jews of French nationality."[2][page needed].
July 21, 1941:
Aryanization of Jewish companies in the Zone libre.
August 1941: Occupied zone: internment of 3,200 foreign and 1,000 French Jews in various camps including
Drancy.
November 29, 1941: creation of the UGIF (Union générale des israélites de France), facilitating the tracking and classification of Jews in France. Created by decree under pressure by Nazi Germany.
December 1941: Occupied zone: 740 French Jews, members of the liberal and intellectual professions, interned in
Compiègne.
1942
January 1942:
Wannsee Conference: Nazi officials define the practical arrangements for the "
Final Solution", that is to say, the complete extermination of
European Jewry, including children.
May 20, 1942: Occupied zone: Compulsory wearing of
yellow Jewish star badge. (effective June 7).
July 2, 1942:
Oberg-
Bousquet agreement for collaboration between French and German police, in the presence of
Reinhard Heydrich, Himmler's deputy.
July 16–17, 1942:
Roundup of the Vel d'Hiv: arrest of 13,152 "stateless" Jews (3,031 men, 5,802 women and 4,051 children).
July 19, 1942: failed
Roundup of Nancy [
fr], after Jews were warned overnight to flee by Nancy Police Commissioner for Foreign Affairs Édouard Vigneron.
26–28 August 1942 Zone libre: series of roundups resulting in the deportation of 7,000 people.
1943
January 1943:
Roundup of Marseille: destruction of the
Old Port and roundups by French authorities. Nearly 2,000 Marseilles Jews arrested and deported. Le Petit Marseillais of January 30, 1943 wrote: "Note that the evacuation operations in the Northern district of the Old Port were carried out exclusively by French police and that no incidents were reported.[3][page needed] The Opera district, where many
Sephardic families lived, was emptied of its inhabitants.
Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Bédarida, François (1993). La France des années noires, tome 2 : De l'Occupation à la Libération [The black years in France: from occupation to liberation]. Vol. 2. Le Seuil.
ISBN2020183056.
Joseph Billig [
fr], Le Commissariat général aux questions juives (1940-1944), [The general commission for Jewish affairs 1940044], éditions du Centre, Paris, 3 vol., 1955–1960.
Tal Bruttmann [
fr], Au bureau des affaires juives. L’administration française et l’application de la législation antisémite (1940-1944), [At the Jewish affairs bureau. French administration and the application of antisemitic legislation 1940-44], La Découverte, Paris, 2006.
Tal Bruttmann [
fr] (ed.), Persécutions et spoliations des Juifs pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, [Persecution and plundering of Jews during the second world war], Presses universitaires de Grenoble, Grenoble, 2004.
Laurent Douzou [
fr], Voler les juifs. Lyon, 1940-1944, [Robbing the Jews], Hachette, 2002.
Renée Dray-Bensousan, Les Juifs à Marseille (1940-1944), [Marseille Jews 1940-44], Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2004.
Jean-Marc Dreyfus, Pillages sur ordonnances. Aryanisation et restitution des banques en France, 1940-1953, [Legal plunder. Aryanization and the reestablishment of French banking, 1940-1953], Fayard, Paris, 2003.
Michaël Iancu, Spoliations déportations, résistance des Juifs à Montpellier et dans l’Hérault (1940-1944), [Plunder, deportation, resistance of Montpelier Jews and in the Hérault], éditions Alain Barthélémy, Avignon, 2000.
Laurent Joly, Vichy dans la « solution finale ». Histoire du Commissariat général aux questions juives, 1941-1944, [Vichy and the "final solution". History of the general commission for Jewish affairs, 1941-44], Grasset, Paris, 2006.
André Kaspi [
fr], Les Juifs pendant l’Occupation, [Jews during the occupation], Points Seuil, Paris, 1997.
Beate Klarsfeld,
Serge Klarsfeld, (ed.), Le mémorial de la déportation des juifs de France, [Memorial to the deportation of the Jews of France], Paris, 1978.
Serge Klarsfeld, Vichy-Auschwitz, la « solution finale » de la question juive en France, [Vichy-Auschwitz, the "final solution" of the Jewish question in France], Fayard, Paris, 3rd ed. 2001.
Florent Le bot, La fabrique réactionnaire. Antisémitisme, spoliations et corporatisme dans le cuir, 1930-1950, [Reactionary factories. Antisemitism, plunder and corporatism in leather manufacturing], Presses de Sciences Po, Paris, 2007.
Jean Laloum, Les Juifs dans la banlieue parisienne des années 20 aux années 50, [Jews of the Parisian banlieue in the 1920s to 1950s], CNRS éditions, Paris, 1998.
Renée Poznanski, Les Juifs en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, [Jews in France during the second world war], Hachette, Paris, 1997 ; 1st ed. 1994.
Simon Schwarzfuchs [
fr], Aux prises avec Vichy, Histoire politique des Juifs de France, 1940-1944 [Coping with Vichy, political history of French Jewry, 1940-1944], éditions Calmann-Lévy, Paris, 1998.
Philippe Verheyde, Les mauvais comptes de Vichy. L’aryanisation des entreprises juives, [Vichy's bad accounts. The aryanization of Jewish businesses], Perrin, Paris, 1999.
Richard H. Weisberg, Vichy, la justice et les juifs, éd. des archives contemporaines, Amsterdam, 1998 ; 1st ed. New York, 1996.