This article about Russian Federation durning reforms, and constitutional amendments of 1990-1993, that begins with declaration of sovereignty. You may be looking for
Russian SFSR before that reforms, or for modern
Russia. For other uses see
Russia (disambiguation)
19 -
21 August 1991 in
Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, is the so-called
August Putsch. President of Russia
Yeltsin serves to protect the President of the USSR
Gorbachev.
6 November 1991, a decree of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin
CPSU and
CP RSFSR have been banned in the territory of the RSFSR.[8]
8 December1991 and
Viskuly under Brest (Belarus), President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the heads of
BSSR and
Ukrainian SSR was signed «Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States» (known in
media as
Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and 14 articles, that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of
international law and geopolitical realities. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed on the formation of
Commonwealth of Independent States
12 December agreement was ratified by
Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (the Russian parliament ratified the document by an overwhelming majority: «for» - 188 votes, «against» - 6 votes, «abstain» - 7)
On the same day the
Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the
Treaty on the Creation of the USSR but withdrew and Russian deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this act is the subject of formal discussions, as well as by the Constitution (Basic Law) of Russia
1978 and he had no right to do so.
25 December1991 by special law RSFSR was renamed to Russian Federation [1]. The Act came into force on the date of adoption, but was originally published by
January 61992 a (
Rossiyskaya Gazeta).</ref>. According to law, during the
1992 and were allowed to use the name of the RSFSR in the official business (forms, seals and stamps). Follow the laws became known as the laws of the Russian Federation (the order of numbering was maintained).
21 April1992 and was amended in the constitution. The Act came into force following the publication of
Russian newspaper16 May1992
Name «Russian Federation» as a reduction of the RSFSR and was used in Soviet times [9] (such as the Transcaucasian Federation for
TSFSR).
On
31 March1992 all federal subjects of the Russian Federation, with the exception of
Tatarstan and
Chechnya ( «
Ichkeria»), and
Ingushetia, signed the «Treaty on the Delimitation of reference and powers between the federal bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and the governments of sovereign republics within the Russian Federation». This was necessary to resolve the conflict between the national legislation and the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Republic within the Russian Federation. Special protocol to the treaty stipulated that the republic should be represented in a chamber of the supreme legislative body of Russia no less than 50 percent of seats.
On the same day signed «the Treaty on the Delimitation of reference and powers between the federal bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and the authorities territories, regions, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russian Federation» and the «Treaty on the Delimitation of reference and powers between the federal bodies of state authorities of the Russian Federation and the authorities, autonomous region, autonomous regions within the Russian Federation ».
All three instruments together referred to as Federal Treaty[10]. It would be approved by the
Congress of People's Deputies of Russia10 April1992 a «of a Federal Treaty». Law of the Russian Federation on
21 April1992 and the number 2708-I «On amendments and additions the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic» Federal contract provision was included in the constitution. These provisions introduced the basic principles of federalism in Russia. <! - Fixed until its asymmetrical nature. If the idea of asymmetric federation is important, then it must be such as to formulate a clearer ->
C 26 July to 7 August 1993 was carried out confiscation
currency reform in which a Russia were seized banknotes of
State Bank of USSR. The reform also faced the task of separation
monetary systems of Russia and other countries,
Commonwealth of Independent States, using the ruble as a means of payment in the domestic monetary circulation.
December 11992 and - in Moscow, opened the seventh Congress of People's Deputies, throughout his work and leadership of the MPs criticized the Supreme Soviet of the Government of
Yegor Gaidar
10 December1992 a - President Boris Yeltsin made at the Congress, had sharply criticized his work, invited to discuss the idea of the all-Russian referendum and tried to disrupt his meeting with the meeting notice of their supporters from among the MPs
12 December1992 a - the Congress of People's Deputies passed a resolution on the stabilization of the constitutional order, which set to
11 April1993 and the referendum on the main provisions of the Constitution
14 December1992 and - on the basis of multi-voting Chairman of the Council of Ministers - the Government appointed the
Viktor Chernomyrdin
12 March1993 a - the Congress of People's Deputies repealed ordinance «on the stabilization of the constitutional system»
20 March1993 a - President Boris Yeltsin made a television address to the nation, which announced the suspension of the Constitution and the introduction of «special order management», but as it turned out, only a few days actually signed was a completely different ordinance
26 March1993 and - in Moscow, met the Ninth Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies
28 March1993 a - the Congress of People's Deputies rejected the draft decree on the appointment of early elections, and President of People's Deputies and voted on the impeachment of Yeltsin from office of the President (at the same time voted on the dismissal of the chairman of Supreme Soviet
Ruslan Khasbulatov). Attempting impeachment failed because at that time came this text decree does not contain gross violations of the Constitution. During the impeachment vote of 617 deputies in the 689 (ie, 2 / 3 of the 1033 registered members), against - 268.
Do you trust the President of the Russian Federation
B. Yeltsin? ('58, 7% for the ')
Do you approve of the socio-economic policies undertaken by the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation since 1992?('53, 0% for the ')
Do you think it is necessary to hold early elections, President of the Russian Federation?('49, 5% for the ')
Do you think it is necessary to hold early elections of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation?('67, 2% for the ')
In the referendum was attended 64.05% of the voters.
5 May, 1993 All-Russian Central Referendum Commission established its legality on the basis of the district committees and in accordance with Art. 35 of the Law «On Referendum Russia» All-Russian referendum April 25, 1993 he was recognized as completed.
Its Official results were as follows: On the first and second issues of decision taken because of them more than half of the citizens who took part in the referendum. On the third and fourth issues are not taken the decision because they had voted, less than half of citizens eligible to participate in the referendum (in accordance with prevailing legislation, to decide on the latter two issues, it was necessary to gain a majority vote of thetotalnumber of voters) .
It should be noted that the results were very controversial. For example, in the voting lists had been made 107 310 174 party, and ballot papers issued nearly half - 69 222 858 [11]. Specific results of the April 1993 referendum, he is also not quite clear: vote Boris Yeltsin, added the executive power or clarity of objectives in the economic program. However, conflicting results of the referendum was interpreted by Yeltsin and his entourage in their favor. However, despite the legal uncertainty for third and fourth issues, the victory of Yeltsin's team in the battle for the minds of citizens, directly followed by the results of the vote.
30 April1993 and - in the
The News issued a presidential draft new Constitution of the Russian Federation (significantly different from the actual version of December)
May 11993 and - in the Moscow demonstration opposing President, dispersed
OMON om. There were casualties, including one OMON'ovets (Vladimir Tolokneev)
May 201993 and - the President has announced the convening of the Constitutional Council in Moscow
5 June1993 and - the Constitutional Council has started
September 11993 and - the President of the decree number 1328 temporarily suspended from his duties as Vice-President
Alexander Rutskoi, who recently has made a tough criticism of President and Government, «in connection with ongoing investigation, as well as in the absence of instructions to Vice-President ». Acted Constitution and legislation of the possibility of dismissal of the Vice-President, the President did not contain. Accusations of corruption at a later date is not confirmed (signed Rutskoi compromising on his documents was false).
September 3 - Supreme Soviet has decided to send a petition to the Constitutional Court to verify compliance with the Basic Law of the Russian Federation Presidential Decree of 1 September, in part, on temporary suspension from his duties as vice-president Alexander Rutskoi. According to the parliamentarians, issuing this decree, Boris Yeltsin invaded the authority of the judicial bodies of state power. Prior to the determination of the case in the Constitutional Court to the decree suspended.
Article 1216 Constitution of the Russian Federation - Russia, 1978(as amended on 10 December 1992): The powers of the President of Russian Federation cannot be used to change national and state organization of Russian Federation, to dissolve or to interfere with the functioning of any elected organs of state power. In this case, his powers cease immediately.
23 September1993 a - President Boris Yeltsin announces early presidential elections in June
1994 and (later this decision was revoked). There was an attack on the headquarters of the armed forces of the CIS, the two victims. The media and supporters accuse the president of the deputies of the Supreme Council of the incident. A X (Extraordinary) Congress of People's Deputies, which, in compliance with all legal procedures and with the required quorum, the Supreme Council Approves Ordinance to end presidential term of Yeltsin and moving them to the vice president Rutskoi, and Yeltsin's action qualifies as an attempt to
«coup attempt».
30 September1993 and - the President forms the Central Electoral Commission for elections to the State Duma and appoints its chairman
Nikolai Ryabov
3-4 October
1993 - after the capture by the Supreme Soviet of the Moscow City Hall in the
Novy Arbat, attempted armed seizure of
Ostankino television center in, the president enters a state of emergency in Moscow,
the White House stormed with the use of armor, which, combined with the lack of action forces [12], resulting in numerous casualties, including among random people. The head of the Supreme Soviet, vice-president and several other leaders of the Anti-Yeltsin coalition arrested and placed in
SIZO Lefortovo.
October 71993 and - the President takes an order «On legal regulation in the phase of constitutional reform», which in effect assumes the powers of the legislature. President of the Constitutional Court V. Zorkin threatened prosecution on charges «towards the legality of the constitutional coup» forced to resign (while retaining the judge). The judges, under pressure from President entourage are forced to step down the power to review regulations of the authorities and international treaties. (The new Constitution has been included for the complete replacement of Constitutional Court judges, but at the last moment, mistakenly, that provision of the published draft fell)
October 9 - The President terminates the powers of the Soviets at all levels.