From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a timeline of Burmese or Myanmar history , comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in
Burma and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see
History of Burma . See also the
list of Burmese leaders .
15th century BCE
Year
Date
Event
1500s BCE
Earliest evidence of copper and bronze works, rice growing, domesticating chickens and pigs in Irrawaddy valley
14th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
13th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
12th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
10th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
9th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
8th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
7th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
6th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(March 2013 )
5th century BCE
Year
Date
Event
500 BCE
Iron-working settlements south of present-day
Mandalay
4th century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
3rd century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
2nd century BCE
1st century BCE
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
1st century
Year
Date
Event
70
Pyu city of
Halin in existence
2nd century
Year
Date
Event
200
The Pyu convert to Buddhism (to 400)
3rd century
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
4th century
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
5th century
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
6th century
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
7th century
8th century
This section is empty. You can help by
adding to it .
(January 2012 )
9th century
10th century
Year
Date
Event
c. 980
Earliest evidence of Pagan walls
984
Earliest evidence of
Burmese alphabet (according to an 18th-century recast stone inscription)
[1]
11th century
12th century
13th century
Year
Date
Event
1210
Kyaukse weir built
1211
18 August
Sithu II dies and
Htilominlo succeeds
1218
Htilominlo builds
Htilominlo Temple , the last of the great temples
1235
19 July
Kyaswa becomes king of Pagan
1256
6 May
Narathihapate placed on Pagan throne
1273
First mention of Mian (for Mranma) in Chinese
[3]
1277
April
The first Mongol invasion begins
1279
17 April
Thawun Gyi and
Thawun Nge found
Toungoo (Taungoo) as a frontier outpost
1283
22 September
Second Mongol campaign begins
1285
c. 11 January
Wareru seizes
governorship of Martaban (Mottama)
1286
3 March
Pagan and Mongol commands sign ceasefire agreement
June
Burmese embassy led by
Shin Ditha Pamauk leaves for Beijing
1287
January
The Pagan Empire acknowledges suzerainty of the Mongol Empire
30 January
Wareru declares independence and founds
Kingdom of Ramanya
1 July
King
Narathihapate is assassinated
1289
30 May
Kyawswa becomes king of Pagan
1293
Wareru receives recognition as a vassal of
Sukhothai
1296
Wareru and
Tarabya decisively defeat a major Pagan invasion
1297
20 March
Kyawswa receives recognition by the Mongol Emperor as a Mongol vassal
[4]
17 December
Kyawswa overthrown and
Myinsaing Kingdom founded
[4]
1298
June/July
Ramanya receives recognition as a tributary of the
Mongols
[4]
1299
8 May
Saw Hnit placed as Myinsaing's puppet king of Pagan
14th century
Year
Date
Event
1301
15 January
Last Mongol invasion begins
6 April
Mongol forces retreat from
Myinsaing
1303
4 April
Mongols evacuate
Tagaung , retreat to
Yunnan
[5]
1307
c. 14 January
Wareru is assassinated and
Hkun Law succeeds the Martaban throne
1310
13 April
Athinkhaya dies
1311
10 April
Saw O becomes king of Martaban
1313
7 February
Thihathu founds
Pinya Kingdom
1315
15 May
Sagaing secession begins
1316
26 March
Saw Yun 's completes fortification of capital
Sagaing
1323
by 28 September
Saw Zein become king of Martaban
1327
5 February
Tarabya I becomes king of Sagaing
1330
Martaban defeats Sukhothai; throws off nominal allegiance to Sukhothai
1340
1 September
Uzana I abdicates Pinya throne
1344
29 March
Kyawswa I becomes undisputed ruler of Pinya
1350
12 December
Kyawswa II becomes king of Pinya
1352
23 February
Thihapate becomes king of Sagaing
1356
Massive Shan raids into Upper Burma begin (to 1368)
1359
19 March
Kyawswa II dies and
Narathu succeeds Pinya throne
1362
Binnya U raises the height of the
Shwedagon Pagoda to 66 feet
1364
c. February
Byattaba seizes Martaban; Binnya U sets up camp at Donwun
April
Maw forces sack
Sagaing
May
Maw forces sack
Pinya
September
Thado Minbya takes over Pinya
1365
26 February
Thado Minbya founds
Ava Kingdom
1367
5 September
Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava
1369
Byattaba drives Binnya U out to
Pegu (Bago)
1370
Shan state of
Kale becomes tributary of Ava
1373
North Arakan asks for a Burmese regent
1383
by 28 October
Princess
Maha Dewi becomes regent of Hanthawaddy Pegu
1384
4 January
Razadarit becomes king of Pegu
1385
Forty Years' War between Ava and Hanthawaddy Pegu begins
1389
Razadarit consolidates all three
Mon -speaking regions in Lower Burma
1400
April
Tarabya becomes king of Ava
25 November
Minkhaung I becomes king of Ava
15th century
Year
Date
Event
1406
Arakan vassal to Ava or Hanthawaddy Pegu (To Ava: 1406–1407, 1412–1413; To Pegu 1407–1412; 1413–1422/(1430?) (to 1430)
Ava conquers Shan States of
Mohnyin ,
Mogaung ,
Hsipaw
1415
13 March
Minye Kyawswa killed in action
1430
16 November
Min Saw Mon founds city of
Mrauk-U
[6]
1437
Mrauk-U conquers
Thandwe , unifying the entire Arakan coast for the first time
1459
Mrauk-U conquers
Chittagong
1446
Chinese invade Upper Burma, demanding surrender of a runaway Shan chief. His dead body was given up. Chinese records say events occurred in 1448–1449
1450
Binnya Kyan increases the height of the Shwedagon Pagoda to 302 feet
Rise of early
Burmese vernacular literature
1480
Multiple rebellions by its vassals against Ava's rule. Prome, Yamethin and Mohnyin break away (to 1490)
1482
Thado Minsaw successfully breaks away from Ava, founds
Prome Kingdom
1485
Mingyi Nyo becomes ruler of Toungoo; stays loyal to Ava
16th century
17th century
Year
Date
Event
1603
De Brito at
Syriam declares independence from Arakan, repels Arakanese attacks (to 1605)
1609
Portuguese mercenary Tibao captures
Sandwip in East Bengal, northernmost Arakanese territory
1613
29 March
Anaukpetlun captures Portuguese Syriam
1614
December
Anaukpetlun
recaptures the Tenasserim coast down to Tavoy, and all of Lan Na
1617
Min Khamaung recovers Sandwip. Beginning of Arakanese raids on
Dakha
1619
English East India Company sends a representative to Pegu
1625
Arakanese sack Dakha
1627
English and
Dutch East India companies open branches in Burma
1635
Capital moved to Ava from Pegu
1638
Thalun 's revenue inquest
1660
Arakanese use coined currency
1658
Yongli Emperor of Ming China given refuge at Sagaing
1659–1661
Renegade Ming forces occupy near Shan states and attack Ava
1662
15 January
Surrender of the Yongli Emperor to
Qing forces
Siamese invasion of Lan Na and Tenasserim repelled (to 1664)
1666
January
Mogul Empire defeats Arakan and captures Chittagong Province
1677
English and Dutch East India companies close branches in Burma
1683
Dutch East India Company closes its branch in Arakan
1688
French East India Company opens a branch in Syriam
18th century
Year
Date
Event
1709
English open a branch in Syriam
1724
Meiteis raid Upper Burma (to 1749)
1727
October
Lan Na revolts; defeats Ava's attacks (1727–1728) and (1731–1732)
1735
China annexes northern Shan States (present-day Kachin State, northern Shan State, and trans-Salween Shan State)
1740
29 November
The Mon of Lower Burma break away, found
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Restored Hanthawaddy gradually pushes upcountry and captures Ava, ending the Tougnoo dynasty. The Siamese move up their control up the Tenasserim coast, taking Tavoy and then Martaban by 1751 (to March 1752)
1752
29 February
Alaungpaya founds the
Konbaung dynasty
23 March
Toungoo dynasty falls
20 April
Konbaung-Hanthawaddy War begins
1753
26 April
English seize
Negrais
1755
5 May
Alaungpaya captures
Dagon , having conquered the Irrawaddy delta in April
1756
25 July
Alaungpaya captures French-defended Syriam.
Alaungpaya sends a punitive expedition to Manipur
1757
6 May
Pegu captured; end of Restored Hanthawaddy
1758
November
Konbaung armies overrun Manipur, reassert Burmese authority in northern Shan States which had been annexed by the Chinese in the 1730s (to 1759)
1759
6 October
English driven out at Negrais
1760
May
Burmese invasion of Siam falls short; regains the Tenasserim coast to Tavoy
1763
January
Lanna rebellion put down
1765
January–March
Burmese armies capture Laotian states of
Luang Prabang and
Vientiane
March
Hsinbyushin puts down a rebellion in Manipur
23 July
Capital moved to Ava
23 August
Start of
Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67)
December
Start of
Chinese invasions (1765–69) of Burma
1767
7 April
Burmese armies sack
Ayutthaya ; end of
Ayutthaya Kingdom
1768
January–March
Burmese armies withdrawn from Siam and redeployed to the Chinese front. Burmese defenses against the Chinese invasions held. Siam recaptures all of its territories (except Tenasserim) (to 1770)
1769
22 December
End of Sino-Burmese War
1770
January
Rebellion in Manipur put down
1775
15 January
Lan Na (Chiang Mai) revolts, seeks and receives Siamese help.
April
Hsinbyushin raises the Shwedagon Pagoda to its present height
November
Another
Burmese invasion of Siam fails; Southern Lan Na becomes Siamese vassal (to 1776)
1778
December
Laotian states (Luang Prabang and Vientiane) stop paying tribute, switch sides to Siam
1783
13 May
Capital moved to
Amarapura
1785
2 January
Konbaung armies capture
Mrauk U , ending five centuries of Arakanese independence
Bodawpaya's
invasion of Siam fails; Lan Na now firmly in Siamese camp (to 1786)
1787
Defeats
Siamese invasion of Tenasserim
1790
Resumes diplomatic relationship with China
1792
Defeats another
Siamese invasion of Tenasserim
1797
Burmese invasion of Lan Na and Luang Prabang fails
19th century
20th century
Year
Date
Event
1920
First Rangoon University strike [
citation needed ]
1921
The
Dyarchy reforms begin
1930
Nationalist and leftist
Dobama Asiayone founded
Peasants' rebellion (to 1932)
1936
Second Rangoon University strike [
citation needed ]
1937
Burma is separated from British India and becomes a separate colony
1938
Third Rangoon University strike and nationwide strikes[
citation needed ]
1941
Burma Independence Army formed with
Japanese help
1942
Japanese occupation of Burma . Thai occupation of Kengtung (to 1945)
1945
Return of British rule
1947
12 February
Panglong Agreement signed by
Shan ,
Kachin ,
Chin and Burman leaders to gain independence from the British
[7]
19 July
Aung San and most of his cabinet assassinated.
U Nu and his
AFPFL party prepare to take power from the British by finishing Burma's first constitution
[8]
24 September
1947 Constitution guarantees the Federated Shan States (later Shan and Kayah states), Kachin State, and Karen State, the right to secede after a period of ten years after independence
1948
4 January
Burma
gains independence from the United Kingdom with
U Nu as Prime Minister
[9]
1949
Insurgencies begin
1950
Burmese Army repels
Nationalist Chinese invasion of
Shan State (to 1961)
1958
Caretaker government, led by army Chief of Staff General
Ne Win , formed following a split in the ruling AFPFL party. (Caretaker Gov. rule until 1960)
1960
U Nu's party faction wins decisive victory in
1960 elections , but his promotion of Buddhism as the state religion and his tolerance of separatism angers the military.
1961
U Thant becomes 3rd
Secretary-General of the United Nations . Yangon hosts
Second Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1962
2 March
Democratically elected government of
U Nu is
overthrown by Ne Win, who abolishes the federal system and inaugurates "the
Burmese Way to Socialism " – nationalising the economy, forming a single-party state with the
BSPP as the sole political party, and banning independent newspapers
7 July
Government
guns down student protesters
1969
Yangon hosts
Fifth Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
1974
Ne Win proclaims a new
constitution . Chin Special Division becomes
Chin State ;
Mon State is created out of
Tenasserim Division . Government
guns down student protesters following U Thant's death
1985
Repeated demonetization of higher denomination
kyat notes; Intensification of economic hardship on general populace (to 1987)
1988
Nationwide uprising brings down Ne Win's government. Military crushes protests, forms a
ruling junta , promises elections
1989
Junta changes the English spellings of geographic names, including the
country's name (to Myanmar)
1990
National League for Democracy wins 82% of the seats in the
general election . Junta refuses to hand over power, jails NLD leader
Aung San Suu Kyi
Western nations and Japan begin
economic sanctions against Myanmar
1991
Aung San Suu Kyi is awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize
1997
Myanmar is admitted to
ASEAN
21st century
See also
Notes
^ (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 143): The calendar was reset in year 640 CE. The starting epochal date of the Burmese calendar was 22 March 638. Year 2 of the Burmese calendar began on 21 March 640 per (Eade 1989: 39).
References
Bibliography
Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005). The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
ISBN
9780824828868 .
Charney, Michael W. (2006). Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885 . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
Hall, D.G.E. (1960). Burma (3rd ed.). Hutchinson University Library.
ISBN
978-1-4067-3503-1 .
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 . London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Htin Aung, Maung (1967).
A History of Burma . New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
Kala, U (1720). Maha Yazawin Gyi (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Kyaw Thet (1962). History of Burma (in Burmese). Yangon: Yangon University Press.
Myat Soe, ed. (1964). Myanma Swezon Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 9 (1 ed.). Yangon:
Sarpay Beikman .
Myint-U, Thant (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps—Histories of Burma . Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
ISBN
978-0-374-16342-6 .
Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2004 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". Journal of Burma Research Society . XLII (II).
Timeline of Asian history
Sovereign states States with limited recognition
Dependencies and other territories