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Chotscho : vol.1
http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/LFc-42/V-1/
Bezeklik grottoes, Toyuk grottoes
http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/LFc-42/V-1/page/0081.html.en
http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/LFc-42/V-1/page/0101.html.en
Most of the sources I have used the name Qocho or its variants such as Kocho or Khocho. I think a change to Qocho Kingdom might be more appropriate, and will do so if there are no objections.
Hzh (
talk ) 18:08, 14 May 2013 (UTC)
reply
Pages 8-10
http://www.zinbun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~takata/BerlinQieyun.pdf
http://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=dk12I01qTPUC&pg=PA180&dq=Turfan+chinese+speaking&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ihYwVKzzJpD8sATb_IDgDg&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Turfan%20chinese%20speaking&f=false
Reason for
Old Uyghur alphabet being vertical
Reason for writing vertically
Page 49
http://books.google.com/books?id=KHwPAAAAYAAJ&q=Bearing+in+mind+that+the+Syriac+script+was+horizontal+which+is+meant+that+the+language+was+written+from+left+to+right+there+arises+an+important+question.+Why+did+Turkic+Uigurs+when+adapting+the+Semitic+Syriac+script,+change+its+direction,+writing+their+own+language+vertically,+from+top+to+bottom?+According+to+earlier+and+recent+specialists,+this+was+done+by+rotating+the+script+by+ninety+degrees+counterclockwise+in+order+to+imitate+the+Chinese+script+which+was+very+prestigious+in+Central+Asia+at+that+time+(Zakharov,+1879:47-8;+Crossley,+1997:35-6).&dq=Bearing+in+mind+that+the+Syriac+script+was+horizontal+which+is+meant+that+the+language+was+written+from+left+to+right+there+arises+an+important+question.+Why+did+Turkic+Uigurs+when+adapting+the+Semitic+Syriac+script,+change+its+direction,+writing+their+own+language+vertically,+from+top+to+bottom?+According+to+earlier+and+recent+specialists,+this+was+done+by+rotating+the+script+by+ninety+degrees+counterclockwise+in+order+to+imitate+the+Chinese+script+which+was+very+prestigious+in+Central+Asia+at+that+time+(Zakharov,+1879:47-8;+Crossley,+1997:35-6).&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L2QwVLCSO8KyyATUuICABw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA
Rajmaan (
talk ) 20:34, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
reply
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/images/map-1215.jpg
The map lists Maoris as being present in New Zealand in 900CE. This is not correct. — Preceding
unsigned comment added by
82.47.120.16 (
talk ) 00:57, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
reply
I
added a tag {{
Self-contradictory }} . Here is a merge of sections
Qocho#Timeline (single startdate) and
Qocho#List of kings (idiquts) (startdate–enddate); some dates differ, some names differ in spelling, others totally.
843 Pangtele leadership
850–866: Pan Tekin
866 Pugu Jun khan
866–871: Boko Tekin
940–948: Irdimin Khan
948–985: Arslan (Zhihai) Khan
954 Ilig Bilgä Tengri rose to power.
981 Arslan Bilgä Tengri ilig rose to power.
984 Süngülüg Khagan new name of
996 Bügü Bilgä Tengri ilig succeeded Süngülüg Khagan.
1007 Alp Arsla Qutlugh Kül Bilgä Tengri Khan succeeded Bügü Bilgä Tengri ilig.
1024 Kül Bilgä Tengri Khan succeeded Alp Arsla Qutlugh Kül Bilgä Tengri Khan.
1068 Tengri Bügü il Bilgä Arslan Tengri Uighur Tärkän succeeded Kül Bilgä Tengri Khan.
1123 Bilgä rose to power.
1126–????: Bilge (Biliege) Tekin
????–????: Isen Tomur
Yur Temur succeeded Bilgä at some point
1208–1235: Baurchuq (Barchukh) Art Tekin
1229 Barčuq Art iduq-qut
1235–1245: Qusmayin
1242 Kesmez iduq-qut
1246 Salïndï Tigin iduq-qut
1246–1255: Salun Tekin
1253 Ögrünch Tigin iduq-qut
1255–1265: Oghrunzh Tekin
1257 Mamuraq Tigin iduq-qut
1265–1266: Mamuraq Tekin
1266 Qosqar Tigin iduq-qut
1266–1276: Qozhighar Tekin
1276–1318: Nolen Tekin
1280 Negüril Tigin iduq-qut
1318 Negüril Tigin iduq-qut died. The Kingdom of Qocho became part of the Chagatai Khanate.
1318–1327: Tomur Buqa
1322 Tämir Buqa iduq-qut rose to power.
1327–1331: Sunggi Tekin
1330 Senggi iduq-qut
1331–1335: Taypan (Taipingnu)
1332 Taipindu iduq-qut
1335–1353: Yuelutiemur
1352 Ching Timür iduq-qut last known ruler governor of the kingdom.
1353–????: Sangge
jnestorius (
talk ) 22:48, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
reply
The discrepancy seems to arise from two different sources. The timeline is based on this website:
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/uighurs.html , whereas the list of kings section is from the Uyghurlar. I don't have a copy of that so I can't check if it's correct.
Qiushufang (
talk ) 20:19, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
reply
This is from the Chinese wiki:
僕固俊,(Pugu Jun) ?864-874?
頡利·毗伽·天王 (il Bilga: Tngri ilig),約954
阿兒思蘭·毗伽·天王·孫古律可汗 (Arslan Bilga: Tngri ilig, Su:ngu:lu:g Qaghan),約981, 984
聖·毗伽·王天 (Bu:gu: Bilga: Tngri ilig),約996-1007
合·阿兒思蘭·骨咄祿·闕·毗伽·天汗 (Alp Arsla Qutlugh Ku:l Bilga: Tngri Qan),約1007-1019/24
闕·毗伽·王汗 (Ku:l Bilga: Tngrika:n),1019/24後
天聖國·毗伽·阿兒思蘭·天·回鶻·答兒罕 (Tngri Bu:gu: il Bilga: Arslan Tngri Uighur Ta:rka:n),1068後
畢勒哥 (Bilga:),約1123
月兒帖木兒,1229前
巴而朮·阿而忒·亦都護 (Barchuq-Art iduq-qut),1229-1241
怯失迷思 (Kesmez),1242-1246
撒憐丁·的斤 (Sali:ndi: Tigin),?-1253
玉古倫赤·的斤 (O:gru:nch Tigin),1253-1257
馬木剌·的斤 (Mamuraq Tigin),1257-1265
火赤哈兒·的斤 (Qosqar Tigin),1266-1280
紐林·的斤 (Negu:ril Tigin),1280-1318
French wiki:
843 Pangtele fonde le Royaume de Qocho.
(Lacune dans la chronologie)
Ilig Bilgä Tengri 954 - 981
Arslan Bilgä Tengri ilig 981 - 996
Bügü Bilgä Tengri ilig 996 - 1007
Alp Arsla Qutlugh Kül Bilgä Tengri Khan 1007 - 1024
Kül Bilgä Tengri Khan 1024 - 1068
Tengri Bügü il Bilgä Arslan Tengri Uighur Tärkän 1068 - ????
(Lacune dans la chronologie)
Bilgä 1123 - ????
Yur Temur ???? - ????
Barčuq Art iduq-qut ???? - 1242.
Kesmez iduq-qut 1242 - 1246
Salïndï Tigin iduq-qut 1246 - 1253.
Ögrünch Tigin iduq-qut 1253 - 1257
Mamuraq Tigin iduq-qut 1257 - 1266
Qosqar Tigin iduq-qut 1266 - 1280
Negüril Tigin iduq-qut 1280 - 1318
1318 : mort de Negüril Tigin iduq-qut, annexion par le Khanat de Djaghataï
Russian:
Пан Текин 850-866[51]
Баку Чин 866-871
Ирдимин-хан 940–948
Арслан-хан 948-985
Бильге Текин 1126-?
Баурчук Арт Текин (1208—1235)
Кусмайин 1235–1245
Салун Текин 1246–1255
Огрунж Текин 1255–1265
Мамурак Текин 1265–1266
Кожигар Текин 1266–1276
Нолен Текин 1276–1318
Томур Бука 1318–1327
Сунгги Текин 1327–1331
Тайпан (Тайпинну) 1331–1335
Юэлу Томур 1335–1353
Санге 1353 - ?
I have found a source for the list of idiquts given outside the timeline:
https://books.google.ca/books?id=XnIIbzweN7IC&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=Boko+Tekin&source=bl&ots=1IAplQh9Xv&sig=ACfU3U3yfYHt6HGjs1RaXrCyWFXcD3EN0A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcu9uxqJDsAhUNu54KHYv7DGQQ6AEwAHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Boko%20Tekin&f=false
To add to this article: explanation of the term "Kara-Khoja" or "Kara-Khoja Kingdom."
Kara-Khoja Kingdom redirects to this article, but nowhere in this article is this term explained.
173.88.246.138 (
talk ) 05:08, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
reply