Among the many archaeological structures dating back to the
Roman era, when Coimbra was the settlement of
Aeminium, are its well-preserved
aqueduct and
cryptoporticus. Similarly, buildings from the period when Coimbra was the capital of Portugal (from 1131 to 1255) still remain. During the late
Middle Ages, with its decline as the political centre of the
Kingdom of Portugal, Coimbra began to evolve into a major cultural centre. This was in large part helped by the establishment of the
first Portuguese university in 1290 in Lisbon and its relocation to Coimbra in 1308, making it the oldest academic institution in the
Portuguese-speaking world. Apart from attracting many European and
international students, the university is visited by many tourists for its monuments and history. Its historical buildings were classified as a
World Heritage site by
UNESCO in 2013: "Coimbra offers an outstanding example of an integrated university city with a specific urban typology as well as its own ceremonial and cultural traditions that have been kept alive through the ages." (Full article...)
Portugal's wars against guerrilla fighters seeking independence in its
400-year-old African territories began
in 1961 with Angola. In Mozambique, the conflict erupted in 1964 as a result of unrest and frustration amongst many indigenous
Mozambican populations, who perceived foreign rule as exploitation and mistreatment, which served only to further Portuguese economic interests in the region. Many Mozambicans also resented Portugal's policies towards indigenous people, which resulted in discrimination and limited access to Portuguese-style education and skilled employment. (Full article...)
Image 5The arrival of the Portuguese in Japan, the first Europeans to reach it, initiating the Nanban ("southern barbarian") period of active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West. (from History of Portugal)
Image 9A bride and her groom in the carnival of Lazarim, Portugal (from Culture of Portugal)
Image 10Map of Spain and Portugal showing the conquest of Hispania from 220 B.C. to 19 B.C. and provincial borders. It is based on other maps; the territorial advances and provincial borders are illustrative. (from History of Portugal)
Image 34The frontispiece of the 1826 Portuguese Constitution featuring King-Emperor
Pedro IV and his daughter Queen
Maria II (from History of Portugal)
Image 35Portuguese colonies in Africa by the time of the Colonial War. (from History of Portugal)
This is a
Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
Colonial era Map of the Jaffna kingdom c. 1619
The Portuguese conquest of the
Jaffna kingdom occurred after
Portuguese traders arrived at the rival
Kotte kingdom in the southwest of modern
Sri Lanka in 1505. Many kings of Jaffna, such as
Cankili I, initially confronted the Portuguese in their attempts at converting the locals to
Roman Catholicism, but eventually made peace with them.
By 1591, the king of Jaffna
Ethirimanna Cinkam was installed by the Portuguese. Although he was nominally a client, he resisted missionary activities and helped the interior
Kandyan kingdom in its quest to get military help from
South India. Eventually, a usurper named
Cankili II resisted Portuguese overlordship only to find himself ousted and hanged by
Phillippe de Oliveira in 1619. The subsequent rule by the Portuguese saw the population convert to Roman Catholicism. The population also decreased due to excessive taxation, as most people fled the core areas of the former kingdom. (Full article...)
He has been one of the
revolving door cases at the EU, which received the most media attention because only two months after the cooling off period, Barroso accepted a position as "senior adviser " and "non-executive chairman" of
Goldman Sachs International. and became subject of an ethics inquiry. (Full article...)
...that Viagens Abreu is the oldest
travel agency in the world and was established in Porto in 1840 by Mr. Bernardo Abreu and is still family owned five generations later?
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