The
region of Palestine has played an important part in world history. The
Canaanites,
Israelites,
Assyrians,
Babylonians,
Persians,
Greeks,
Romans and
Byzantines all left their mark on the land. In addition to its historical significance, Palestine holds profound religious importance for
Judaism,
Christianity and
Islam. Throughout history the region has experienced periods of coexistence and conflict between different religious and ethnic groups. Notably, during the Middle Ages, when Jewish communities faced
persecution, they found refuge and protection under
Muslim rule and the wider
Islamic world. The
Ottoman Empire, which
controlled Palestine from the 16th century until its
collapse at the end of
World War I, provided a sanctuary for Jews fleeing persecution in Europe. The end of the Ottoman rule marked a new chapter in Palestine's history. Following World War I, the British Empire assumed control of the region under the
League of Nations mandate. The
British Mandate for Palestine, established in 1920, brought significant changes to the political and social landscape of the area, setting the stage for
the conflicts and struggles that would follow.
Aramaic is a
Semitic language with a 3,000-year history. It has been the language of administration of empires and the language of divine worship. It is the original language of a large section of the
biblical books of
Daniel and
Ezra. It was probably the language of
Jesus, it is the main language of the
Talmud, and it is still spoken today as a first language by numerous small communities. Aramaic belongs to the
Afro-Asiaticlanguage family. Within this diverse family, Aramaic belongs to the
Semitic subfamily. Aramaic is a part of the Northwest Semitic group of languages, which also includes the
Canaanite languages (including
Hebrew).
A young woman from
Ramallah, c. 1898-1914. Until the 1940s, women of
Palestine wore elaborate handcrafted garments. The creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in their lives. A knowledgeable observer could determine a woman's village of origin and social status from her clothing. The circular band near this woman's forehead is a ring of coins made from a portion of her
dowry money, and indicates that she is unmarried.
Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Seas to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June war. The Palestinian revolution's basic concern is the uprooting of the Zionist entity from our land and liberating it.
Muhammad '
Izzat Darwaza (
Arabic: محمد عزت دروزة; 1888–1984) was a
Palestinian politician, historian, and educator from
Nablus. Early in his career, he worked as an
Ottoman bureaucrat in
Palestine and
Lebanon. Darwaza had long been a sympathizer of
Arab nationalism and became an activist of that cause following the
Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1916, joining the nationalist
al-Fatat society. As such, he campaigned for the union of
Greater Syria (modern-day
Levant) and vehemently opposed
Zionism and foreign mandates in Arab lands. From 1922 to 1927, he served as an educator and as the principal at the
an-Najah National School where he implemented a pro-Arab nationalist educational system, promoting the ideas of Arab independence and unity. Darwaza's particular brand of Arab nationalism was influenced by
Islam and his beliefs in Arab unity and the oneness of
Arabic culture. Later, Darwaza co-founded the nationalist
Istiqlal party in Palestine and was a principal organizer of anti-
British demonstrations. In 1937, he was exiled to
Damascus as a result of his activities and from there he helped support the
Arab revolt in the
British Mandate of Palestine. He was incarcerated in Damascus by
French authorities for his involvement in the revolt, and while in prison he began to study the
Qur'an and its interpretations. In 1945, after he was released, Darwaza eventually compiled his own
interpretation entitled al-Tafsir al-Hadith. In 1946, he joined the
Arab Higher Committee led by
Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, but resigned the next year after being disenfranchised by al-Husayni's methods. He left for Syria afterward and briefly aided in the unity talks between Syria and
Egypt in the mid-1950s. By the time of his death in 1984, Darwaza had written over thirty books and published numerous articles on the
Palestinian question, Arab history, and Islam.
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