Oregon has been home to many
indigenous nations for thousands of years. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early to mid-16th century. As early as 1564, the
Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the
Philippines, riding the
Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. In 1592,
Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as the
strait now bearing his name. The
Lewis and Clark Expedition traversed Oregon in the early 1800s, and the first permanent European settlements in Oregon were established by fur trappers and traders. In 1843, an autonomous government was formed in the
Oregon Country, and the
Oregon Territory was created in 1848. Oregon became the 33rd state of the U.S. on February 14, 1859.
Today, with 4.2 million people over 98,000 square miles (250,000 km2), Oregon is the
ninth largest and
27th most populous U.S. state. The capital,
Salem, is the third-most populous city in Oregon, with 175,535 residents.
Portland, with 652,503, ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities. The
Portland metropolitan area, which includes neighboring counties in Washington, is the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,512,859. Oregon is also one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S., marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as
high deserts and semi-arid
shrublands. At 11,249 feet (3,429 m),
Mount Hood is the state's highest point. Oregon's only national park,
Crater Lake National Park, comprises the
caldera surrounding
Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is also home to the single
largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae, a fungus that runs beneath 2,200 acres (8.9 km2) of the
Malheur National Forest. (Full article...)
The city of
Portland,
Oregon is ideal for growing roses outdoors due to its location within the
marine west coastclimate region, its warm, dry summers and rainy but mild winters, and its heavy clay soils. Portland has been known as the
"City of Roses", or "Rose City", since 1888, after Madame Caroline Testout, a large pink variety of
hybrid tea rose bred in France, was introduced to the city. Thousands of rose bushes were planted, eventually lining 20 miles (32 km) of Portland's streets in preparation for the
Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in 1905. The
Rose City Park neighborhood in northeast Portland was formed in 1907, the same year of the first annual
Portland Rose Festival. During
World War I, nursery owners in Portland began planning a large rose garden to protect European rose species from the war. The garden was established in
Washington Park as the
International Rose Test Garden in 1917. Today, the Portland Rose Festival occurs each June with a carnival, parades, and navy ships docked along the
Tom McCall Waterfront Park to promote the city. The International Rose Test Garden is currently one of the oldest public rose test gardens in the United States, covering 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) with over 8,000 rose plants and more than 550 different species. In 2003, Portland adopted the "City of Roses" as its official nickname.
Bill Hayward (1868–1947) was an
American athletic coach in Oregon. Born in
Michigan, he grew up in
Canada where he was an all-around athlete. He excelled at sprinting,
ice hockey,
rowing,
wrestling,
boxing, and played
lacrosse on one of the Ottawa Capitals' world championship teams of the 1890s. Hayward began coaching in 1898 as an assistant
track coach at
Princeton University. He then moved to the
University of California before becoming the head track coach at
Pacific University in
Forest Grove, Oregon where he coached
A. C. Gilbert. In 1903, he took the head job at Albany College (now
Lewis & Clark College) for one year before becoming the
University of Oregon's first permanent track coach. Hayward would stay as coach for 44 years, and during this time he was a coach for six
United StatesOlympics teams. At Oregon he coached four track world record holders, six American record holders and nine Olympians. In addition to his track coaching duties, he served as the
athletic trainer for Oregon's football team, and coached the men's basketball team from 1903 to 1913 and again in 1917-1918, compiling an overall record of 34-29. The track team's home facility is named
Hayward Field in his honor. Hayward was an inaugural inductee to both the
Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1980 and the University of Oregon Athletic Hall of Fame in 1992. In 2005, he was induced into the U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association Hall of Fame.
... that J. K. Gill(pictured) started a bookstore in
Portland, Oregon, in 1870 that grew to a chain of almost 40 stores before the company folded in 1999?
... that future state senator William T. Vinton was sent to jail for contempt of court when he refused to sign a city paving contract, but was later vindicated by an
Oregon Supreme Court decision?
... that the only remaining artifact in the
ghost town of Fremont, Oregon, is a
juniper stump notched with steps that women travelers used to mount horses in a modest fashion?
... that Gus C. Moser served five 4-year terms in the
Oregon State Senate, including two non-consecutive 2-year periods as senate president, to which post he was elected unanimously in 1917?
... that while George C. Brownell played no part in the
Oregon land fraud scandal, a published cartoon showed him as the "Pretty Moth" that flew too close to the land fraud limelight?
Too many Oregonians know the heartbreak of a jobless economic recovery. To create new, high-paying jobs, we need investment in Main Street as well as Wall Street.
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