From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
enzyme phosphoketolase (
EC
4.1.2.9 )
catalyzes the
chemical reactions
D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate
⇌
{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2 O (
EC
4.1.2.9 )
[1]
D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate
⇌
{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2 O (
EC 4.1.2.22 )
[2]
D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + phosphate
⇌
{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
acetyl phosphate + D-ribose 5-phosphate + H2 O
[3]
Phosphoketolase is considered a
promiscuous enzyme because it was demonstrated to use 3 different
sugar phosphates as substrates. In a recent genetic study, more than 150 putative phosphoketolase genes exhibiting varying
catalytic properties were found in 650 analyzed bacterial genomes.
[4]
This enzyme belongs to the family of
lyases , specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. It participates in 3
metabolic pathways :
pentose phosphate pathway ,
methane metabolism , and
carbon fixation . It employs one
cofactor ,
thiamin diphosphate . Phosphoketolase was previously used for
biotechnological purposes
[5]
[6]
[7] as it enables the construction of synthetic pathways that allow complete carbon conservation without the generation of
reducing power .
[8]
References
^ Glenn, Katie; Smith, Kerry S. (2015-01-20).
"Allosteric Regulation of Lactobacillus plantarum Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Fructose 6-Phosphate Phosphoketolase (Xfp)" . Journal of Bacteriology . 197 (7): 1157–1163.
doi :
10.1128/jb.02380-14 .
ISSN
0021-9193 .
PMC
4352667 .
PMID
25605308 .
^ Racker, E. (1962), [29d] Fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase from Acetobacter xylinum , Methods in Enzymology, vol. 5, Elsevier, pp. 276–280,
doi :
10.1016/s0076-6879(62)05219-2 ,
ISBN
9780121818050
^ Krüsemann, Jan L.; Lindner, Steffen N.; Dempfle, Marian; Widmer, Julian; Arrivault, Stephanie; Debacker, Marine; He, Hai; Kubis, Armin; Chayot, Romain (2018).
"Artificial pathway emergence in central metabolism from three recursive phosphoketolase reactions" . The FEBS Journal . 285 (23): 4367–4377.
doi :
10.1111/febs.14682 .
ISSN
1742-4658 .
PMID
30347514 .
^ Sánchez, Borja; Zúñiga, Manuel; González-Candelas, Fernando; de los Reyes-Gavilán, Clara G.; Margolles, Abelardo (2010). "Bacterial and Eukaryotic Phosphoketolases: Phylogeny, Distribution and Evolution". Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology . 18 (1): 37–51.
doi :
10.1159/000274310 .
ISSN
1464-1801 .
PMID
20068356 .
^ Sonderegger, M.; Schumperli, M.; Sauer, U. (2004-05-01).
"Metabolic Engineering of a Phosphoketolase Pathway for Pentose Catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" . Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 70 (5): 2892–2897.
Bibcode :
2004ApEnM..70.2892S .
doi :
10.1128/aem.70.5.2892-2897.2004 .
ISSN
0099-2240 .
PMC
404438 .
PMID
15128548 .
^ Anfelt, Josefine; Kaczmarzyk, Danuta; Shabestary, Kiyan; Renberg, Björn; Rockberg, Johan; Nielsen, Jens; Uhlén, Mathias; Hudson, Elton P. (2015-10-16).
"Genetic and nutrient modulation of acetyl-CoA levels in Synechocystis for n-butanol production" . Microbial Cell Factories . 14 (1): 167.
doi :
10.1186/s12934-015-0355-9 .
ISSN
1475-2859 .
PMC
4609045 .
PMID
26474754 .
^ Meadows, Adam L.; Hawkins, Kristy M.; Tsegaye, Yoseph; Antipov, Eugene; Kim, Youngnyun; Raetz, Lauren; Dahl, Robert H.; Tai, Anna; Mahatdejkul-Meadows, Tina (September 2016). "Rewriting yeast central carbon metabolism for industrial isoprenoid production". Nature . 537 (7622): 694–697.
Bibcode :
2016Natur.537..694M .
doi :
10.1038/nature19769 .
ISSN
0028-0836 .
PMID
27654918 .
^ Bogorad, Igor W.; Lin, Tzu-Shyang; Liao, James C. (2013-09-29). "Synthetic non-oxidative glycolysis enables complete carbon conservation". Nature . 502 (7473): 693–697.
Bibcode :
2013Natur.502..693B .
doi :
10.1038/nature12575 .
ISSN
0028-0836 .
PMID
24077099 .
Activity Regulation Classification Kinetics Types