From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of named
alloys grouped alphabetically by base
metal . Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.
Alloys by base metal
Aluminium
AA-8000 : used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the
National Electrical Code , replacing AA-1350.
[1]
Al–Li (2.45%
lithium ): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
Alnico (
nickel ,
cobalt ): used for permanent magnets
Aluminium–Scandium (
scandium )
Birmabright (
magnesium ,
manganese ): used in car bodies, mainly used by
Land Rover cars.
Devarda's alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent.
Duralumin (
copper )
Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper,
iron , nickel): used in aircraft pistons
Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
Magnalium (5-50%
magnesium ): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
Ni-Ti-Al (
Titanium 40%,
Aluminum 10%), also called Nital
Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium)
Aluminium also forms
complex metallic alloys , like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al3 Mn.
Beryllium
Bismuth
Chromium
Cobalt
Elgiloy (cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, manganese, carbon)
Megallium (
cobalt ,
chromium ,
molybdenum )
Stellite (
chromium ,
tungsten ,
carbon )
Ultimet (chromium,
nickel ,
iron , molybdenum, tungsten)
[3]
Vitallium (chromium, molybdenum)
Copper
Arsenical copper (
arsenic )
Beryllium copper (0.5-3% Beryllium, 99.5%-97% Copper)
[4] (
beryllium )j
Billon (
silver )
Brass (
zinc ) see also
Brass §Brass types for longer list
Bronze (
tin ,
aluminium or other
element )
Constantan (
nickel )
Copper hydride (
hydrogen )
Copper–tungsten (
tungsten )
Corinthian bronze (
gold ,
silver )
Cunife (
nickel ,
iron )
Cupronickel (
nickel )
CuSil (
silver )
Cymbal alloys (
tin )
Devarda's alloy (
aluminium ,
zinc )
Hepatizon (
gold ,
silver )
Manganin (
manganese ,
nickel )
Melchior (
nickel ); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
Nickel silver (
nickel )
Nordic gold (
aluminium ,
zinc ,
tin )
Shakudo (
gold )
Tellurium copper (
tellurium )
Tumbaga (
gold )
Gallium
Gold
See also notes below
[note 1]
Indium
Iron
Most iron alloys are
steels , with carbon as a major alloying element.
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
MN40, used in a foil for brazing
MN70, used in a foil for brazing
Mercury
Nickel
Alloy 230
[7]
Alnico (
aluminium ,
cobalt ); used in magnets
Alumel (
manganese ,
aluminium ,
silicon )
Brightray (20%
chromium ,
iron ,
rare earths ); originally for hard-facing valve seats
Chromel (
chromium )
Cupronickel (
bronze ,
copper )
Ferronickel (
iron )
German silver (
copper ,
zinc )
Hastelloy (
molybdenum ,
chromium , sometimes
tungsten )
Inconel (
chromium ,
iron )
Inconel 686 (
chromium ,
molybdenum ,
tungsten )
Monel metal (
copper ,
iron ,
manganese )
Nichrome (
chromium )
Nickel-carbon (
carbon )
Nicrosil (
chromium ,
silicon ,
magnesium )
Nimonic (
chromium ,
cobalt ,
titanium ), used in jet engine turbine blades
Nisil (
silicon )
Nitinol (
titanium ,
shape memory alloy )
Magnetically "soft" alloys
Platinum
Plutonium
Potassium
Rare earths
Rhodium
Silver
Titanium
Tin
Babbitt (
copper ,
antimony ,
lead ; used for bearing surfaces)
Britannium (
copper ,
antimony )
[8]
Pewter (
antimony ,
copper )
Queen's metal (
antimony ,
lead , and
bismuth )
Solder (
lead ,
antimony )
Terne (
lead )
White metal , (
copper or
lead ); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Uranium
Zinc
See also
Notes
^
The purity of
gold alloys is expressed in
karats , (UK: carats) which indicates the
ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by
mass ) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is
fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard[
citation needed ] is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).[
citation needed ] An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly[
citation needed ] and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine").
There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.[
citation needed ]
References
^ Hunter, Christel (2006).
Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations
Archived 2014-02-05 at the
Wayback Machine , IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
^ Hausner(1965)
Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties , University of California Press
^
"Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition" .
Haynes International . Archived from
the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016 .
^ Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972)
[1] , United States Department of the Interior
^
https://www.utoledo.edu/library/canaday/HTML_findingaids/MSS-202.html
^ Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th Edition 1936, American Society for Metals, ISBN: 978-0-87170-691-1
^ Mathias, Paul M. (15 March 1996).
"Molecular modeling in engineering design and materials development" . Fluid Phase Equilibria . 116 (1–2): 225–236.
doi :
10.1016/0378-3812(95)02891-9 . Retrieved 11 July 2022 .
^
"Retired Product" .