From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[ citation needed] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev. [1]

C

English name Other names or former names
Spain Cテ。diz al-Qト‥is 窶 ルぺァリッリウ (Arabic *), Cadice (Italian *), Cadis (Catalan *, Valencian), Cテ。dis (Portuguese *), Cadix (French *), Cadiz (German *, Romanian *), Cテ。diz (Spanish *), Gテ。deiraホ鳶ャホエホオホケマ∃ア (Ancient Greek *), Gadir 窶 ラ潰沌ィ (Phoenician *), Gト電eiraホ鳶ョホエホオホケマ∃ア (Ionian Greek *), Jiト‥esトォ 窶 蜉逧譁ッ (Chinese *), Kadij 窶 爬歩ヲセ爬。爬ソ爬 (Bengali *), Kadisミ墟ーミエミクム (Russian *), Kadiseu / K'adisナュ 窶 ケエ粕侃 (Korean *), Kadisu 窶 繧ォ繝繧」繧ケ (Japanese *), Kadiz (Albanian, Basque *, Ladino *, Maltese), Kadizミ墟ーミエミクミキ (Serbian *), Kadizo (Esperanto *), Kadyks (Polish *), Gテdテゥ'ト孑 - 蝎カ蠕キ蟆 (Mandarin)
Italy Cagliari Cagliari (Dutch *, Italian *, Finnish *, Spanish *, Romanian *), Cテller (Aragonese *, Catalan *), Caralis (Latin *), Casteddu (Sardinian *), Kagliari (Ladino *), Kaljari (Albanian, Maltese), Kaljariミ墟ーム厰ームミク (Serbian *)
Spain Calahorra Calagorra (Aragonese *), Calagurris (Latin *), Calahorra (Dutch *, French *, Spanish *), Kalaoraミ墟ーミサミーミセムミー (Serbian *)
France Calais Kalト (Latvian *), Kaleミ墟ーミサミオ (Serbian *), Kales (Dutch alternate *)
France Cambrai Camaracum (Latin *), Cambrai (French *, German *), Cambraia (Portuguese), Camerick or Camericke (historical English *), Kambreミ墟ーミシミアムミオ (Serbian *), Kambryk or Kamerich (former German *), Kamerijk (Dutch *), Kimbrテゥ ( Picard *)
United Kingdom England Cambridge (England) Caergrawnt (Welsh *), Cantabrigia (Latin *), Cantabrテュgia or Cambrテュgia (Portuguese, rare *), Duroliponte or Durolipons (Roman Latin *), Jiト] qiテ。o 窶 蜉肴ゥ (Chinese *), Kト]gqiテ。o 窶 蠎キ讖 (former Chinese [2]), Kantavrigテュa 窶 ホ墅アホスマホアホイマ∃ケホウホッホア (Greek Katharevousa), Kテゥimbridz 窶 ホ墅ュホケホシママ∃ケマホカ (Greek *), Keimbeuriji / K'eimbナュriji 窶 シ桷ク誤ヲャァ (Korean), Kembridナセミ墟オミシミアムミクム (Serbian *), Kembridナセa (Latvian *), Kembridナセas (Lithuanian *), Kembriト捐 (Esperanto *), Kemburijji 窶 繧ア繝ウ繝悶Μ繝繧ク (Japanese *), Kergront (Cornish), Keymbrige 窶 ラァラ燮燮槞泰ィラ燮沌 (Hebrew *)
Romania Cテ「mpulung Moldovenesc Cテ「mpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian *), Dovhopilljaミ頒セミイミウミセミソム孟サミサム (Ukrainian), Hosszテコmezナ (Hungarian *), Kimpulung Moldovaneskミ墟クミシミソムσサムσスミウ ミ慴セミサミエミセミイミーミスミオムミコ (Serbian *)
United Kingdom England Canterbury Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh *), Cantorbテゥry (French *), Cantuaria (medieval Latin *), Cantuテ。ria (Portuguese *), Durovernum Cantiacorum (Roman Latin *), Kaenteoberi / K'aent'ナ獣eri 窶 コ被┣イヲャ (Korean), Kantaraborg (Icelandic *), Kヌ始tティbティilテゥi 窶 蝮守音雋晞峭 (Chinese *), Kenterberiミ墟オミスムひオムミアミオムミク (Serbian), Kenterberija (Latvian *), Kantelberg (Dutch *), Kergent (Cornish)
France Carcassonne Carcassona (Catalan *, Italian *, Occitan *, Portuguese *), Carcasona (Spanish *), Carcassonne (Finnish *, French *), Julia Carcaso or Carcaso (Latin *), Karkasonミ墟ームミコミームミセミス (Serbian *)
United Kingdom Wales Cardiff Caerdydd (Welsh *, Irish *, Scottish Gaelic), Cardife or Cardテュvio (Portuguese, rare *), Kト‥ifu 窶 繧ォ繝シ繝繧」繝 (Japanese *), Kadipeu / K'adip'ナュ 窶 ケエ粕売 (Korean), Kardifミ墟ームミエミクム (Serbian *), Kト〉difa (Latvian *), Kardip (Tagalog *), Ovicubium ( Vulgar Latin *)
United Kingdom England Carlisle Caerliwelydd (Welsh *), Cathair Luail (Irish, Scottish Gaelic *), Karlajlミ墟ームミサミーム侑サ (Serbian), Luguvalium (Latin), Lテケgヌ背ヌ四テャ - 鮖ソ蜿、逑ヲ蛻ゥ (Mandarin)
Czech Republic Carlsbad Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian *, Croatian *, Romanian *), Karlove Variミ墟ームミサミセミイミオ ミ漬ームミク (Serbian *), Karlovy Vary (Czech *, Turkish *), Karlowe Wary (Polish *), Karlsbad (Dutch *, German *, Swedish *), Karlsbト‥e (Latvian *), Kテ。rolyfテシrdナ (Hungarian)
United Kingdom Wales Carmarthen Caerfyrddin (Welsh), Carmarthen (English), Moridunum (Latin)
Spain Cartagena (Spain) al-Qartト)anna (Arabic), Cartagena (Catalan *, Dutch *, Portuguese *, Spanish *), Cartagina (Romanian *), Carthagティne (French *), Carthago Nova (Latin *), Kartagina (Polish *), Kartaト。ni (Maltese), Kartahenaミ墟ームムひームミオミスミー (Serbian *), Kartaxena (Azeri *), Karthayテゥniホ墅アマ∃クホアホウホュホスホキ (Greek *), QRT畝溂ク、DナT - 畝挺畝汝畝呆畝溟畝畝畝避畝 (Phoenician/Punic), Xトォn Jiト》テijトォ - 譁ー霑ヲ螟ェ蝓コ (Mandarin)
Italy Castelsardo Calteddu * or Caltheddu Saldhu (local dialect), Caltheddu ( Corsican), Castheddu Sardhu ( Sassarese *), Casteddu Sardu ( Sardinian *), Castel Aragonテゥs (former Catalan, 1448窶1767 *), Castelgenovese (former Italian, 1102窶1448 *), Castelsardo (Italian *), Castillo Aragonテゥs (former Spanish, 1448窶1767 *), Castrum Aragonense or Castrum Aragoniense (Latin, since 1448 *), Castrum Ianuae or Castrum Ianuense (older Latin, 1102窶1448), Emporiae (older Latin *),

Kastelsardoミ墟ームムひオミサムミームミエミセ (Serbian), Yテnwテゥibヌ姉 - 辯慕サエ蝣。/辯慕カュ蝣。 (Mandarin)

Italy Catania Catane (French *), Catテ「nia (Portuguese *), Katanja (Maltese *) Katanya (Turkish *), Katテ。niaホ墅アマホャホスホケホア (Greek *)
Slovenia Celje Celeia (Latin *), Celjeミヲミオム厰オ (Serbian *), Celje (Slovene *), Cille (Hungarian *), Cilli (older English *, German *), Kelea (Celtic)
Czech Republic ト憩skテゥ Budト嬲ovice Budweis (Dutch *, former English *, German *), ト憩skテゥ Budト嬲ovice (Czech *, Slovak *), ト憩ナ。ke Budjejoviceミァミオム威コミオ ミ帯σエム侑オム侑セミイミクムミオ (Serbian *), Cheseuki Budeyobiche / Ch'esナュk'i Pudeyobich'e 窶 イエ侃う カ魂囈ケイエ (Korean), Ches'ke-Budejovyceミァミオムム糊コミオ-ミ帯σエム頒ケミセミイム毛ミオ (Ukrainian), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish *)
Czech Republic ト憩skテス Tト崘。テュn ト憩skテス Tト崘。テュn (Czech *), ト憩ナ。ki Tjeナ。inミァミオム威コミク ミ「ム侑オム威クミス (Serbian *), Ches'ky-Teshynミァミオムム糊コム-ミ「ミオム威クミス (Ukrainian), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish *), Tschechisch-Teschen (German *)
Latvia Cト都is Cesis 窶 ミヲム采ム毛 (Belarusian *), Cト都is (Latvian *), [KNAB], Cesis 窶 ミヲミオムミクム (Serbian *) Cト耀ys (Lithuanian), [KNAB] Kes 窶 ミ墟オムム (archaic Russian *), Kト耀ys (archaic Lithuanian), [KNAB] Kieナ (Polish *), [KNAB] Tsesisミヲミオムミクム (Russian *), [KNAB] Tsesisミヲミオムム毛 (Ukrainian *), Wenden (German *), [KNAB] Venden ( Livonian), Venden 窶 ミ漬オミスミエミオミスム (archaic Russian), [KNAB] Venden 窶 ミ漬オミスミエミオミス (archaic Ukrainian), Vテオnnu (Estonian *) [KNAB]
Montenegro Cetinje Cettigne (Italian *), テetince (Turkish), Cetinjeミヲミオムひクム墟オ (Serbian *), Cetinje (Slovene), Cetynia (Polish *), Ketテュgniホ墅オマホッホウホスホキ (Greek *)
Greece Chalkida (Greece) Cテ。lcis or Cテ。lcida (Portuguese *), Calcide (Italian *), Chalkida (German *), Chalkテュdaホァホアホサホコホッホエホア (Modern Greek *), Chalcis (French *, Latin *), Chalkis (older German *), Chalkテュsホァホアホサホコホッマ (Ancient Greek, Greek Katharevousa *), Halkidaミ・ミーミサミコミクミエミー (Serbian *), Khalkis (Finnish), Negroponte (medieval Italian)
France Chambテゥry Chamberテュ (old Spanish), Chambテゥry (Dutch, French, German), Sciamberテャ (old Italian), ナamberiミィミーミシミアミオムミク (Serbian *)
Greece Chania Chaniテ。ホァホアホスホケホャ (Greek *), Hania (Finnish *, Romanian *), Hanjaミ・ミーム墟ー (Serbian *), Hanya (Turkish), Kudonija - 逗汝逗芋逗幤逗 (Mycenaean Greek), Kydonia - ホ墹ホエマ火スホッホア (Ancient Greek), La Canea (Catalan *, Italian *, Spanish *), La Canテゥe (French *),
Belgium Charleroi Charleroi (Dutch *, Finnish *, French *, German, Romanian *), Chテ「lerwティ (alternative Walloon), Karelskoning (alternative Dutch), Karloreト捐 (Esperanto *), Karolingen (former German), ナarleruト (Latvian *), ナarlroaミィミームミサムミセミー (Serbian *), Sharleroah 窶 ラゥラィラ慵ィラ勉碩 (Hebrew *), Sharururowa 窶 繧キ繝」繝ォ繝ォ繝ュ繝ッ (Japanese *), Tchテ・lerwティ (Walloon *)
Czech Republic Cheb Cheb (Czech *), Eger (German *), Hebミ・ミオミア (Serbian *)
Poland CheナNno CheナNno (Polish *), Culm (variant in German *), Helmno (Latvian *), Helmnoミ・ミオミサミシミスミセ (Serbian *), Khelmnoミ・ミオミサミシミスミセ (Russian *, Ukrainian *), Kulm (German *), Kulmas (Lithuanian *)
Germany Chemnitz Chemnitz (German *, Finnish *, Romanian *), Chemnicium (Latin *), Kamienica Saska (Polish, historical, obsolete *), Kamjenica (Sorbian), Kemnicミ墟オミシミスミクム (Serbian *), Saskテ。 Kamenice (Czech, old *), Karl-Marx-Stadt (German, 1953窶1990 *)
Ukraine Chernihiv Chernigovミァミオムミスミクミウミセミイ (Russian *), ト憩rnigovミァミオムミスミクミウミセミイ (Serbian *), Chernihivミァミオムミスム孟ウム孟イ (Ukrainian *), Czernihテウw (Polish), Tschernigow (obsolete German *), Tschernihiw (German *), Tナ。ernihiv (Finnish)
Ukraine Chernivtsi ト径rnaナュcyミァミームミスミーム樮ム (Belarusian *), Cernトブナ」i (Romanian *), ト憩rnivciミァミオムミスミクミイムミク (Serbian *), ト憩rnovice (Czech *, Slovak *), Chernivtsiミァミオムミスム孟イムム (Ukrainian *), Chernovitsyミァミオムミスミセミイミクムム (Russian, before 1944 *), Chernovtsiミァミオムミスミセミイムミク (Bulgarian *), Chernovtsyミァミオムミスミセミイムム (Russian *), Csernivci or Csernovic (Hungarian variants), Csernyivci (Hungarian *), Czerniowce (Polish *), Czernovicensia (Ecclesiastical Latin), Czernowitz (German *), Tchernivtsi (French *), Tjernivtsi (Swedish *), Tschernowitz (German variant *), Tナ。ernivtsi (Finnish), Tshernovits 窶 ラ俎ゥラ「ラィララ蹟クラ勉勉燮・ (Yiddish *), Tsjernivtsi (Norwegian [Nynorsk * and Bokmテ・l *]), Chernovitz 窶 ラヲ'ラィララ勉泰燮・ (Hebrew *)
Ukraine Chernobyl Cernobテ「l (Romanian variant *), テernobトアl (Azeri *), テernobil (Turkish *), Cernobil, ト憩rnobyl' * or ト経rnobyl' (Italian), Cernobテョl (Romanian *), ト憩rnobil (Slovene *), ト憩rnobiljミァミオムミスミセミアミクム (Serbian *), ト憩rnobyl (Czech *), ト憩rnobyトセ (Slovak *), Chernobil or Chernテウbil (Portuguese variants *), Chernobylミァミオムミスミセミアム巾サム (Russian *), Cherunobuiri 窶 繝√ぉ繝ォ繝弱ヶ繧、繝ェ (Japanese *), Choreunobil / Ch'orナュnobil 窶 エ壱・エクケ (Korean), Chornobylミァミセムミスミセミアミクミサム (Ukrainian *), Csernobil (Hungarian *), Czarnobyl (Polish *), Qiティト孑nuテイpテゥiト孑 窶 蛻辷セ隲セ雋晉粟 (Chinese *), Searnテウbail (Irish), Tchernobil or Tchernテウbil (Portuguese variants *), Tchernobyl (French *), Tjernobyl (Swedish *), Tschernobyl or Tschornobyl (German *), Tナ。ernobyl (Finnish), Tナ。ernobテオl (Estonian *)
Russia Chernyakhovsk ト憩rniachovskas (Lithuanian *), Cernihovsk (Romanian *), ト憩rnjahovskミァミオムム墟ームミセミイムミコ (Serbian), Chernyakhovsk (Russian *), Insterburg (German *), トョsrutis (Lithuanian *), Tナ。ernjahovsk (Finnish), Wystruト (Polish *)
United Kingdom England Chester Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer, Historically also known as Deverdoeu (Welsh *), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin *), ト憩sterミァミオムムひオム (Serbian)
Italy Chiusi Camars (Umbrian) Chiusi (Italian), Clevsin (Etruscan), Clusium (Latin), Klysion - ホ墅サマ済πケホソホス (Ancient Greek)
Moldova Chiネ冓nトブ Chiネ冓nトブ (Catalan *, Finnish *, French *, German *, Portuguese *, Romanian *), Chisinau (Dutch *, Finnish variant *, Portuguese variant *, Spanish *), Cテュsineテ。 (Irish), Keshenev 窶 ラァラ「ラゥラ「ララ「ラー (Yiddish *), Kichinev (French variant *), Kischinau (German variant *), Kischinew (German variant *), Kishinau 窶 繧ュ繧キ繝翫え (Japanese *), Kishinev (former English *), Kishinev 窶 ラァラ燮ゥラ燮ラ (Hebrew *), Kishinjovミ墟クム威クミスム岱イ (Russian *), Kトォナ。トォnト『 (Arabic), Kiナ。ineu (Bulgarian), Kiナ。inト孥 (Czech *), Kiナ殃nev (Turkish *), Kiナ。iナeva (Latvian *), Kiナ。iniovas (Lithuanian *), Kiナ。injev (Bosnian *, Croatian *, Finnish alternate, Slovene *), Kiナ。injevミ墟クム威クム墟オミイ (Serbian *), Kiナ。iナov (Slovak *), Kiナ殃nyov (Azeri), Kisinyov (Hungarian *), Kisjenナ (older Hungarian *), Kisnテウvioホ墅ケマπスマ湖イホケホソ (Greek), Kiszyniテウw (Polish *), Kyshynivミ墟クム威クミスム孟イ (Ukrainian *), Quichinau or Quixinau (Portuguese variants *), Quixineve (Portuguese, obsolete *)
Poland Chorzテウw Chorzテウw (Polish *), Hojナォfu 窶 繝帙ず繝・繝シ繝 (Japanese *), Hoナセaナュミ寅セミカミーム (Belarusian *), Hoナセovミ・ミセミカミセミイ (Serbian), Khozhivミ・ミセミカム孟イ (Ukrainian *), Khozhuvミ・ミセミカムσイ (Russian *), Kテカnigshテシtte (German *), Choナ冩v (Czech *), Krテウlewska Huta (Polish, until 1934 *)
Switzerland Chur Chur (Dutch, German), Coira (Italian *), Coire (French *), Cuira (Romansh *), Curia Raetorum (Latin *), Hurミ・ムτ (Serbian *)
Slovakia ト景erna nad Tisou ト景erna nad Tisou (Slovak *), Chierna-nad-Tisoyuミァム飯ミスミー-ミスミーミエ-ミ「ム毛ミセム (Ukrainian *), ト桂erna na Tisiミァム侑オムミスミー ミスミー ミ「ミクムミク (Serbian), Czerna nad Cisト (Polish *) Tiszacsernyナ (Hungarian)
Poland Cieszyn Cieszyn (Polish *), Teschen (Dutch *, German *), Tト崘。テュn (Czech *), Teナ。テュn (Slovak *), Tessium (Latin *), Tjeナ。inミ「ム侑オム威クミス (Serbian), Tseshinミヲミオム威クミス (Russian *, Ukrainian *)
France Clermont-Ferrand Augustonemetum (Latin *), Clarmont (Occitan *), Clermonte (Spanish *), Klermon Feranミ墟サミオムミシミセミス ミ、ミオムミーミス (Serbian *)
Germany Cleves Clテゥveris (Spanish *), Clティves (French *), Cleves (Portuguese *), Clivia (Latin), Kleef (Dutch *), Kleve (German *), Kleveミ墟サミオミイミオ (Serbian)
Romania Cluj-Napoca Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin *), Cluj (French *, Romanian *,informal), Cluj-Napoca (Dutch *, formal Romanian *), Kaloナ殼ar (Turkish *), Klausenburg (German *), Kluナセ (Czech *, Slovak *), Kluナシ (Polish *), Kluナセ-Napokaミ墟サムσカ-ミ斷ーミソミセミコミー (Serbian *), Kolozsvテ。r (Hungarian *), Keullujinapoka / K'ナュllujinap'ok'a 窶 エ」ィァx小ケエ (Korean *), Napoca (Classical Latin *)
Republic of Ireland Cobh An Cテウbh (Irish *), Kovミ墟セミイ (Serbian), Queenstown or Cove (former English *)
Germany Coblenz Coblenテァa (Portuguese *), Coblence (French *), Coblenza (Italian *, Spanish *), Confluentes (Latin *), Koblencミ墟セミアミサミオミスム (Serbian *), Koblencja (Polish *), Koblenz (Dutch *, Finnish *, German *, Romanian *, Slovene *), Koblenza (Maltese *), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish *)
Germany Coburg Cobourg (French *), Coburg (Dutch *, German *), Coburgo (Italian *, Portuguese *, Spanish), Koburgミ墟セミアムτミウ (Serbian), Kovoテコrgonホ墅ソホイホソマ済∃ウホソホス (Greek Katharevousa *)
Portugal Coimbra Coimbra (Finnish *, Italian *, Portuguese *, Romanian *, Spanish *), Coテッmbra (Catalan *) Coimbre (French *), Conimbriga (Latin *), Koimbeura / K'oimbナュra 窶 ス肥桷ク誤攵 (Korean), Koimbraミ墟セミクミシミアムミー (Serbian *), Qulumriya (Arabic)
United Kingdom England Colchester Camulodunum (Latin *), Camulodunon (British), Kolト稿sterミ墟セミサムミオムムひオム (Serbian)
Germany Cologne Cテカln (older German variant *), Cologne (French *), Colテイnia (Catalan *), Colonia (Italian *, Spanish *), Colテウnia (Portuguese *), CoナPnia (Venetian *), Colonia Agrippina (Latin *), Cwlen (Welsh *), Keln 窶 ラァラ慵 (Hebrew *), Kelnミ墟オミサミス (Macedonian *, Serbian *), Kel'nミ墟オミサム糊ス (Ukrainian *), Keln 窶 ラァラ「ラ慵 (Yiddish *), Kelnas (Lithuanian *), トカelne (Latvian *), Kティlテウng 遘鷹嚀 (Chinese *), Kerun 窶 繧ア繝ォ繝ウ (Japanese *), Keulen (Afrikaans *, Dutch *, West Frisian *), Kjol'nミ墫岱サム糊ス (Russian *), Koelleun / K'oellナュn 窶 セー・ク (Korean *), Kolテュn nad Rテスnem (Czech *), Kolテュn nad Rテスnom (Slovak *), Kテカlle ( Cologne Ripuarian dialect *, Kテカln (Azeri *, Estonian *, Finnish *, German *, Hungarian *, Icelandic *, Romanian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), K'olnミ墫糊セミサミス (Bulgarian *), Kolon 窶 爨歩・金、イ爭金、ィ (Marathi *), Kolon 窶 犹もク犹もク・犧 (Thai *), Kolonia (Basque *, Polish *), Kolonテュaホ墅ソホサマ火スホッホア (Greek *), Kolonja (Maltese), Kナォlナォniya 窶 ルル異ル異ル (Arabic *), Kテクln (Danish *, Norwegian *)
Romania Comトハeネ冲i Comトハeナ殳i (Romanian *), Komaneナ。tiミ墟セミシミーミスミオム尉ひク (Serbian *), Komテ。nfalva (Hungarian *)
Italy Como Cテエme (French *), Comum or Novum Comum (Latin *), Cum (Romansh), Komoミ墟セミシミセ (Serbian *)
Romania Constanネ嫗 Constanテァa (Brazilian Portuguese *), Constanネ嫗 (Finnish *, Romanian *), Konstanz or Konstanza (German *), Kanstancaミ墟ーミスムムひーミスムミー (Belarusian *), Konstanca (Hungarian *, Polish *, Slovak *), Konstancaミ墟セミスムムひーミスムミー (Russian *, Serbian *, Ukrainian *), Kテカstence (Turkish *), Kyustendzhaミ墫紗ムひオミスミエミカミー (Bulgarian *), Tomis (Latin *)
Denmark Copenhagen Beirbh (Scottish Gaelic, obsolete), Cテウbanhテ。van (Irish *), Copenaghen (Italian *), Copenhaga (Portuguese *, Romanian *), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese *, Catalan *, French *, Spanish *), Gト澱ト嬾hト“ト渡 窶 蜩・譛ャ蜩域ケ (Chinese *), Hafnia (Latin *), Kaufmannshafen (old German *), Kaupmannahテカfn (Icelandic *), Keappenhaven (alternate West Frisian *), Keypmannahavn (Faroese *), Kobenhaven (Slovene *), Kテクbenhavn (Danish *, Norwegian *), Kodaナ (Czech *, Slovak *), Kテカテカpenhamina (Finnish *), Kopenchテ。yiホ墅ソマホオホウマホャホウホキ (Greek *), Kopengagen (Russian *), Kopenhaagen (Estonian *), Kopenhag (Turkish *), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian *, Polish *), Kopenhagテォ (Albanian *), Kopenhagen (Azeri *, Croatian *, Dutch *, German *), Kopenhagenミ墟セミソミオミスムミーミウミオミス or Kupimore 窶 ミ墫σソミクミシミセムミオ (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Kopenhagen 窶 ラァラ勉、ララ蕃潰 (Hebrew *), Kopenhト“en 窶 繧ウ繝壹Φ繝上シ繧イ繝ウ (Japanese *), Kopenhagen / K'op'enhagen 窶 ス被慈葺イ (Korean), Kopenトァagen (Maltese), Kopenhト“ena (Latvian *), Kopenhago (Esperanto *), Kテカpenhamn (Swedish *), Koppenhテ。ga (Hungarian *), Kナォbinhトト。in (Arabic *)
Spain Cordova Cordoba (Dutch *, German *, Romanian *), Cテウrdoba (Spanish *, Finnish *), Corduba (Latin *), Cordoue (French *), Cテイrdova (Catalan *), Cordova (English, Interlingua, Italian *, former Romanian *), Cテウrdova (Portuguese *), Kordhoテコiホ墅ソマ∃エホソマ歳キ (Greek Katharevousa *), Kテウrdhovaホ墹狐∃エホソホイホア (Demotic Greek *), Kordoba 窶 ラァラ勉ィラ沌勉泰 (Hebrew *), Kordobaミ墟セムミエミセミアミー (Serbian *), Kordoba (Slovene *), Kordova or Qurtuba (Azeri *), Kordova (Latvian *, Ladino *), Kordowa (Polish *), Ladino alternate), Koreudoba / K'orナュdoba 窶 ス罷・エ巡ー (Korean), Korudoba 窶 繧ウ繝ォ繝峨ヰ (Japanese *), Qurtubah (Arabic)
Greece Corfu Corcira or Corfu (Portuguese *, Romanian *), Corcyra (Latin *), Corcyre (French alternate under Napoleonic rule *), Corfou (French *), Corfテケ (Italian *), Corfテコ (Catalan *, Irish, Spanish *), Kテゥrkiraホ墅ュマ∃コママ∃ア (Greek *), Kerkiraミ墟オムミコミクムミー (Russian *), Koreupu / Korナュp'u 窶 ス罷・エ尊 (Korean), Korfoe or Corfu (Dutch *), Korfu (Finnish *, German *, Hungarian *, Ladino, Polish *, Slovak *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Korfuミ墟セムムム (Bulgarian *), Korfテケ (Maltese), Krf (Croatian *, Slovene *), Krfミ墫ム (Macedonian *, Serbian *), Korfuz (Albanian *)
Greece Corinth Corint (Catalan *, Romanian *), Corinthe (French *), Corinthus (Latin *), Corintus (Scottish Gaelic, archaic), Corinto (Italian *, Portuguese *, Spanish *), Karynfミ墟ームム巾スム (Belarusian *), Korinf (Azeri *), Korinfミ墟セムミクミスム (Russian *, Ukrainian *), Korintミ墟セムミクミスム (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Korint (Croatian *, Czech *, Slovak *, Slovene *, Turkish *), Kテウrinta (Icelandic *), Korinta (Latvian *), Korintas (Lithuanian *), Korinth (Danish *, German *, Swedish *), Korinthe (Dutch *), Kテウrinthosホ墹狐∃ケホスホクホソマ (Greek *), Korinti (Albanian), Korintosz (Hungarian *), Korintti (Finnish *), Korintu (Maltese), Korynt (Polish *)
Republic of Ireland Cork Corc (Welsh *), Corcagia (Latin *), Corcaigh (Irish, Scottish Gaelic *), Cork (Danish *, Dutch *, German *, Italian *, Spanish *, Swedish *), Koreukeu / K'orナュk'ナュ 窶 ス罷・エ〓 (Korean), Kork (Azeri *), Korkミ墟セムミコ (Serbian *), Korka (Latvian *), Kuテイ'ト孑kヌ司hティ - 髦泌ー泌ッ襍ォ (Mandarin)
France Corte Corte (Dutch *, German *, French *, Italian *), Corti (Corsican *), Korteミ墟セムムひオ (Serbian)
Italy Cortona Cortona (Latin, Italian), Curtun - 酔を酔役酔汝酔呆酔役酔 (Etruscan)
Spain Corunna A Coruテアa (Galician *), La Coruテアa (Spanish *, Dutch *, Finnish *), Corテケna (Scottish Gaelic), Corunha (Portuguese *), Korunjaミ墟セムムτ墟ー (Serbian *), La Corogne (French *), La Coruna (Romanian *), Lakoruナa (Latvian *), La Korunya (Ladino *), Rakorナォnya 窶 繝ゥ繝サ繧ウ繝ォ繝シ繝九Ε (Japanese *)
Germany Cottbus Chociebuナシ (Polish *), Chテウナ嫺buz (Sorbian), Chotト嫦uz (Czech *), Chotebuz (archaic Slovak *), Cottbus (German *), Kotbusミ墟セムひアムτ (Serbian *), Kottbus (archaic German *)
France Crテゥcy Crテゥcy-en-Ponthieu (French *), Kresト溝k (Czech *, archaic Slovak *), Kresi an Pontjeミ墫ミオムミク ミーミス ミ渙セミスムび侑オ (Serbian *)
Italy Cuneo Coni (French *, Occitan *, Piedmontese *), Cuneum (Latin *), Kuneoミ墫σスミオミセ (Serbian *)

D

English name Other names or former names
Latvia Daugavpils Borisoglebskミ岱セムミクムミセミウミサミオミアムミコ (Russian, 1656窶1667), [KNAB] Daugavpils (Estonian *, Finnish *, Latvian *, Romanian *), Daugavpilsミ頒ームσウミーミイミソミクミサム (Russian *, [KNAB] Serbian *), Daugawpils (Afrikaans alternative *), Daナュgaナュpils 窶 ミ頒ーム榧ウミーム榧ソム孟サム (Belarusian *), Daugpト様is ( Samogitian *), Daugpilis (Lithuanian *), [KNAB] Daugpiトシs (Latgalian), Denenburg 窶 ラ沌「ララ「ララ泰勉ィラ (Yiddish *), Dinaburg (Livonian, 1275窶1893), Dテシnaburg (former Estonian *, German *), [KNAB] Dunaburgum, Duna urbs or Duneburgum (Latin), [3] [4] [5] Duneborch (Low German), [6] Dvinohrad (Czech alternative), [KNAB] Dvinsk 窶 ラ沌勉燮ラ。ラァ (Hebrew *), Dvinskミ頒イミクミスcミコ (archaic Russian *), [KNAB] Dynaburg (archaic Swedish), [KNAB] Dynaburg 窶 ミ飯巾スミーミアムτミウ (archaic Belarusian, archaic Taraナ。kievica Belarusian), Dyneburg (Polish *), [KNAB] Dzvinsk 窶 ミ頒キミイム孟スムミコ (Belarusian), Dナコvinskミ頒キム糊イム孟スムミコ (Taraナ。kievica Belarusian *), Dナコwiナгk or Dナコwinテウw (archaic Polish variants *), Vテ、inalinn (archaic Estonian variant), [KNAB] Vテ、inテ、nlinna (Finnish alternative *) [KNAB]
Romania Dトビmトハeネ冲i Dトビmトハeネ冲i (Romanian *), Darmaneナ。tiミ頒ームミシミーミスミオム尉ひク (Serbian), Dermeneナ。t' 窶 ミ頒オムミシミオミスミオム尉び (Ukrainian *), Dormテ。nfalva (Hungarian *)
Switzerland Davos Dabosu 窶 繝繝懊せ (Japanese *), Davos (German *), Davosミ頒ーミイミセム (Russian *, Serbian *), Davテウsホ斫ホアホイマ狐 (Greek *), Dテ。 wテイ sトォ 窶 驕疲イ譁ッ (Chinese *), Tafaat (local Romansh dialect), Tavate (Italian, rarely *), Tavau (Romansh *)
Hungary Debrecen Debeurechen / Tebナュrech'en 窶 魂ク誤溢イク (Korean *), Debrecen (Hungarian *, Finnish *), Debrecin (Bosnian *, Croatian *), Debrecinミ覇ミアムミオムミクミス (Serbian *), Debrecテュn (Slovak *, Czech *), Debreネ嬖n (Romanian *), Dテゥbretsenホ斫ホュホシママ∃オママπオホス (Greek *), Debretsinミ覇ミアムミオムミクミス (Russian *), Debreczyn (Polish *), Debretzyn 窶 ラ沌「ラ泰ィラ「ラヲラ燮 (Yiddish *), Debrezin (German *), Debrezun (old Hungarian, 13th century)
Netherlands Den Bosch Bois-le-Duc (French *), Bolduque (Spanish *), Boscoducale (Italian *), De Bosk (West Frisian *), Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch *), Hertogenbosミ・ミオムムひセミウミオミスミアミセム (Serbian *), Herzogenbusch (German *), Oeteldonk ( Brabantian, used during Carnival] *)
Netherlands Den Helder De Helder (West Frisian *), Den Halderミ頒オミス ミ・ミーミサミエミオム (Serbian), Den Helder (Dutch *, German *), Le Helder (French *), Nieuwediep ( West Frisian dialect)
United Kingdom Northern Ireland Derry Deriミ頒オムミク (Serbian), Derio (Esperanto), Derrie or Lunnonderrie (Ulster Scots), Doire or Doire Chaluim Chille (Scottish Gaelic *), Doire or Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Londonderry (official English)
France Dijon Castrum Divionense or Diviodunum (Latin *), Digione (Italian *), Dijon (Azeri *, Finnish *, French *, Romanian *), Dijon 窶 ラ沌燮'ラ勉 (Hebrew *), Dijong / Tijong 窶 粕「 (Korean), Diナセonミ頒クミカミセミス (Serbian *), Diナセona (Latvian *)
Czech Republic Domaナセlice Domaナセlice (Czech *), Taus (German *)
Italy Domodossola Dテイm (Lombard), Domodossola (Esperanto, Italian, Venetian), Oscela Lepontiorum (Latin), Uscla (Etruscan)
Ukraine/ Donetsk People's Republic Donetsk Aleksandrovkaミ籍サミオミコムミーミスミエムミセミイミコミー (former Russian, until 1869), Danietsk (Russian *), Donト嫩k (Czech *), Doneck (Slovak *), Doナecka (Latvian *), Doneナ」k (Romanian *), Donetsiku 窶 繝峨ロ繝繧」繧ッ (Japanese *), Donetsk (Azeri *, Finnish *), Donetsk 窶 ミ頒セミスミオムム糊コ (Ukrainian *), Donetskas (Lithuanian *), Donezk (German *), Donieck (Polish *), Donjeck (Serbian *), Donyeck (Hungarian *), Hughesovka / Yuzovkaミョミキミセミイミコミー (Russian, 1869窶1923 *), Jousofka (French, 1869窶1923 *), Trotsk - ミ「ムミセムびミコ (Russian, 1923), Stalinミ。ムひーミサミクミス (former Russian, 1924窶1929 *), Stalinoミ。ムひーミサミクミスミセ (former Russian, 1929窶1961 *), Yuzivkaミョフミキム孟イミコミー (Ukrainian, 1869窶1924 *)
France Douai Douai (French), Douay (former French), Dowaai (Dutch), Doway (former English), Duacum (Latin), Duagio (old Italian)
United Kingdom Isle of Man Douglas Doolish (Manx *), Douglas (English), Dテケghlais (Scottish Gaelic), Dテコglas (Irish)
United Kingdom England Dover Dナ甲ト 窶 繝峨シ繝舌シ (Japanese *), Dobeo / Tobナ 窶 巡イ (Korean), Douvres (French *), Dover (Dutch, Finnish *, German, Hungarian *, Italian, Romanian *, Spanish), Dover 窶 ラ沌勉泰ィ (Hebrew *), Dテエver (Portuguese *), Doveris (Lithuanian *), Dubris (Latin *), Duvra (Latvian *), Dテコvres (former Spanish)
Germany Dresden Dテゥlト嬖sトォdテケn 窶 蠕キ邏ッ譁ッ鬘ソ (Chinese *), Deureseuden / Tナュresナュden 窶 糖溢侃唆 (Korean *), Doresuden 窶 繝峨Ξ繧ケ繝繝ウ (Japanese *), Drテ。ナセト渋ny (Czech *, Slovak *), Dresda (Italian *, variant in Portuguese *, Romanian *), Dresde (French *, Spanish *), Dresden (Dutch *, Finnish *, German *, Portuguese *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Drテゥsdiホ煩∃ュマπエホキ (Greek *), Drezda (Hungarian *), Drezden (Azeri *), Drezdenミ飯ミオミキミエミオミス (Bulgarian *, Russian *, Serbian *), Drezden 窶 ラ沌ィラ儲沌 (Hebrew *), Drezdenas (Lithuanian *), Drト奴dene (Latvian *), Drezno (Polish *), Drjeナセdナコany (Lower Sorbian)
Romania Drobeta-Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu Severin (official Romanian *), Drobetae (Latin), Severin (Romanian, informal *), Szテカrテゥnyvテ。r (Hungarian *), Turnu Severin (former Romanian *)
Poland Drohiczyn Darahiト酵nミ頒ームミーミウム毛ム巾ス (Belarusian *), Dorohochyn (Ukrainian *), Drohiト絞nas (Lithuanian *), Drohiczyn (Polish *)
Ukraine Drohobych Drogobテ「ci (Romanian *), Drogobych -ミ飯ミセミウミセミアム錦 (Russian *), Drohobychミ飯ミセミウミセミアミクム (Ukrainian *), Drohobycz (Polish *), Drohobytsch (German *), Drubitsh 窶 ラ沌ィラ蹟クラ蕃蹟クラ泰燮俎ゥ (Yiddish *)
Republic of Ireland Dublin テ》h Cliath (Irish short form), Baile テ》ha Cliath (Irish *), Baile テth Cliath (Scottish Gaelic *), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian *), Dablin 窶 ラ沌泰慵燮 (Hebrew *), Daburin 窶 繝繝悶Μ繝ウ (Japanese *), Deobeullin / Tナ獣ナュllin 窶 鵠ク罷ヲー (Korean), Difelin ( Old English *), Dubhlind or Duibhlind (early Classical Irish variants *), Dubhlinn (archaic Irish *), Dublim (Portuguese *), Dublin (Azeri *, Brazilian Portuguese *, Dutch *, French *, Hungarian *, Interlingua, Maltese, Romanian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Dublテュn (Catalan *, Finnish *, Spanish *), Dublinミ飯σアミサミクミス (Russian *), Du盧ネinn, Dui盧ネinn or Duibhlinn (historical Irish *), Dublina (Latvian *), Dublinas (Lithuanian *), Dublino (Italian *), Dナォbテウlテュn 窶 驛ス譟乗棊 (Chinese *), Dulenn (Breton *), Dulyn (Welsh *), Duvlテュnoホ釆ソマホイホサホッホスホソ (Greek *), Dyvlinarskire (old Swedish *), Dyflin ( Old Norse *), Dyflinni (Icelandic *), Divlyn ( Manx *)
Croatia Dubrovnik Dubeurobeunikeu / Tubナュrobナュnik'ナュ 窶 草ク誤。罹ク誤笈〓 (Korean), Dubrovnic (Romanian *), Dubrovnik (Albanian *, Azeri *, Croatian *, Dutch *, Finnish *, German *, Portuguese *, Serbian *, Slovene *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Dubrovnik 窶 ラ沌勉泰ィラ勉泰ラ燮ァ (Hebrew *), Dubrovnikミ飯σアムミセミイミスミクミコ (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Dubrovnテュk (Czech *, Slovak *), Dubrovnika (Latvian *), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian *), Dubrownik (Polish *), Ragoテコsaホ。ホアホウホソマ済πア (Greek *), Ragusa (Dalmatian, former English, former German *, Italian *, former Romanian *), Raguse (old French *), Raguza (former Hungarian *, Ottoman Turkish *), Rhagusium (Latin)
Germany Duisburg Dトォsburga (Latvian *), Duisbourg (French *), Duisburg (Czech *, Danish *, Dutch *, German *, Italian *, Polish *, Swedish *), Duisburgas (Lithuanian *), Duisburgo (Spanish *, Portuguese *)
Republic of Ireland Dテコn Laoghaire Dテケn Laoghaire (Scottish Gaelic *), Dunleary (anglicised form pre-1821, still reflected in the pronunciation of "Dテコn Laoghaire" by English-speakers), Kingstown (English, 1821窶1921 *)
France Dunkirk Dankeruku 窶 繝繝ウ繧ア繝ォ繧ッ (Japanese *), Dinkerk 窶 ラ沌ラァラィラァ (Hebrew *), Djunkerk 窶 ミ飯社スミコミオムミコ (Russian *), [KNAB] Doengkeleukeu 窶 政シ・エ〓 (Korean *), Doncherche (archaic Italian), [7] Donkarkトアz (Turkish *), Dounkテゥrkiホ釆ソマホスホコホュマ∃コホキ (Greek *), Duinkerke (Dutch *), [KNAB]) Duinkerken (Afrikaans *, alternative Dutch), [KNAB] Dukark (Breton *), [KNAB] Dナォnkティ'ト孑kティ 窶 謨ヲ蜈狗粟蜈 (Mandarin Chinese *), Dunkティke (Picard *), Dunkerque (French *, Italian *, Romanian *), [KNAB] Dunkierka (Polish *), [KNAB] Dテシnkirchen (German *), [KNAB] Dunkirk (Hungarian), Dunquerca (Latin *), Dunquティrca (Occitan *), Dunquerque (Portuguese *, Spanish *), Dテコntsjerk (West Frisian *), Duunkerke (local Flemish *)
Albania Durrテォs Dトアraテァ (Turkish *), Dirrテ。chioホ煩ママ∃ャマホケホソ (Modern Greek *), Draト (Croatian *, Czech *, Slovene *), Draトミ飯ミーム (Macedonian *, Serbian *), Drachミ飯ミーム (former Bulgarian *), Duras (former French *), Durazo (Portuguese *), Durazzo (Italian *), Durrテォs (Albanian *, Romanian *), Durナュsミ飯τム貫 (Bulgarian *), Dyrrhachionホ煩ママ∃ャマホケホソホス (Byzantine Greek), Dyrrhachium (Latin *), Epidamnos (Ancient Greek *)
Germany Dテシsseldorf Diseldorf 窶 ラ沌燮。ラ慵沌勉ィラ」 (Hebrew *), Diseldorfミ頒クムミオミサミエミセムム (Serbian *), Diseldorfa (Latvian *), Dテュsseldorfホ斫ホッマπオホサホスマホソママ (Greek *), Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian *), Dテシsseldorf (Azeri *, Brazilian Portuguese *, Estonian *, Finnish *, German *, Hungarian *, Romanian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Dusseldorf (Italian *), Dusseldテウrfia (Portuguese *), Dusseldorp (Dutch, antiquated *), Dテシsseldorp (former local dialect), Dusserudorufu 窶 繝繝・繝繧サ繝ォ繝峨Ν繝 (Japanese *), Dwiseldoreupeu / Twiseldorナュp'ナュ 窶 彫巡・エ売 (Korean)

References

  1. [KNAB] "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  1. ^ "Kyiv (Kiev) Travel Guide. Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?".
  2. ^ Jian and kang are approximations of the sound Cam, qiao means "bridge".
  3. ^ Johann Jacob Hofmann: Lexicon universale, [窶ヲ]. Jacob Hackius et al., Leiden 1698, s. v. "Duneburgum" ( text online).
  4. ^ Johannes Micraelius: Historia politica, [窶ヲ]. Gottfried Liebezeit, Leipzig and Frankfurt 1702, p. 352.
  5. ^ Saxo Grammaticus: Historia Danica, ed. Peter Erasmus Mテシller. Vol 2. Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1839, p. 1023 (Index II. Nomina locorum).
  6. ^ Hermannus de Wartberge: Chronicon Livoniae, ed. Ernst Strehlke. S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1863, p. 48 et passim.
  7. ^ Istoria del regno di Luigi XIV re di Francia, e di Navarra Vol. 4. Marino Rossetti, Venice 1724, p. 527.