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The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.
There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[ citation needed] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev. [1]
English name | Other names or former names |
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al-Qト‥is 窶 ルぺァリッリウ (Arabic *), Cadice (Italian *), Cadis (Catalan *, Valencian), Cテ。dis (Portuguese *), Cadix (French *), Cadiz (German *, Romanian *), Cテ。diz (Spanish *), Gテ。deira 窶 ホ鳶ャホエホオホケマ∃ア (Ancient Greek *), Gadir 窶 ラ潰沌ィ (Phoenician *), Gト電eira 窶 ホ鳶ョホエホオホケマ∃ア (Ionian Greek *), Jiト‥esトォ 窶 蜉逧譁ッ (Chinese *), Kadij 窶 爬歩ヲセ爬。爬ソ爬 (Bengali *), Kadis 窶 ミ墟ーミエミクム (Russian *), Kadiseu / K'adisナュ 窶 ケエ粕侃 (Korean *), Kadisu 窶 繧ォ繝繧」繧ケ (Japanese *), Kadiz (Albanian, Basque *, Ladino *, Maltese), Kadiz 窶 ミ墟ーミエミクミキ (Serbian *), Kadizo (Esperanto *), Kadyks (Polish *), Gテdテゥ'ト孑 - 蝎カ蠕キ蟆 (Mandarin) |
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Cagliari (Dutch *, Italian *, Finnish *, Spanish *, Romanian *), Cテller (Aragonese *, Catalan *), Caralis (Latin *), Casteddu (Sardinian *), Kagliari (Ladino *), Kaljari (Albanian, Maltese), Kaljari 窶 ミ墟ーム厰ームミク (Serbian *) |
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Calagorra (Aragonese *), Calagurris (Latin *), Calahorra (Dutch *, French *, Spanish *), Kalaora 窶 ミ墟ーミサミーミセムミー (Serbian *) |
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Kalト (Latvian *), Kale 窶 ミ墟ーミサミオ (Serbian *), Kales (Dutch alternate *) |
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Camaracum (Latin *), Cambrai (French *, German *), Cambraia (Portuguese), Camerick or Camericke (historical English *), Kambre 窶 ミ墟ーミシミアムミオ (Serbian *), Kambryk or Kamerich (former German *), Kamerijk (Dutch *), Kimbrテゥ ( Picard *) |
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Caergrawnt (Welsh *), Cantabrigia (Latin *), Cantabrテュgia or Cambrテュgia (Portuguese, rare *), Duroliponte or Durolipons (Roman Latin *), Jiト] qiテ。o 窶 蜉肴ゥ (Chinese *), Kト]gqiテ。o 窶 蠎キ讖 (former Chinese [2]), Kantavrigテュa 窶 ホ墅アホスマホアホイマ∃ケホウホッホア (Greek Katharevousa), Kテゥimbridz 窶 ホ墅ュホケホシママ∃ケマホカ (Greek *), Keimbeuriji / K'eimbナュriji 窶 シ桷ク誤ヲャァ (Korean), Kembridナセ 窶 ミ墟オミシミアムミクム (Serbian *), Kembridナセa (Latvian *), Kembridナセas (Lithuanian *), Kembriト捐 (Esperanto *), Kemburijji 窶 繧ア繝ウ繝悶Μ繝繧ク (Japanese *), Kergront (Cornish), Keymbrige 窶 ラァラ燮燮槞泰ィラ燮沌 (Hebrew *) |
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Cテ「mpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian *), Dovhopillja 窶 ミ頒セミイミウミセミソム孟サミサム (Ukrainian), Hosszテコmezナ (Hungarian *), Kimpulung Moldovanesk 窶 ミ墟クミシミソムσサムσスミウ ミ慴セミサミエミセミイミーミスミオムミコ (Serbian *) |
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Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh *), Cantorbテゥry (French *), Cantuaria (medieval Latin *), Cantuテ。ria (Portuguese *), Durovernum Cantiacorum (Roman Latin *), Kaenteoberi / K'aent'ナ獣eri 窶 コ被┣イヲャ (Korean), Kantaraborg (Icelandic *), Kヌ始tティbティilテゥi 窶 蝮守音雋晞峭 (Chinese *), Kenterberi 窶 ミ墟オミスムひオムミアミオムミク (Serbian), Kenterberija (Latvian *), Kantelberg (Dutch *), Kergent (Cornish) |
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Carcassona (Catalan *, Italian *, Occitan *, Portuguese *), Carcasona (Spanish *), Carcassonne (Finnish *, French *), Julia Carcaso or Carcaso (Latin *), Karkason 窶 ミ墟ームミコミームミセミス (Serbian *) |
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Caerdydd (Welsh *, Irish *, Scottish Gaelic), Cardife or Cardテュvio (Portuguese, rare *), Kト‥ifu 窶 繧ォ繝シ繝繧」繝 (Japanese *), Kadipeu / K'adip'ナュ 窶 ケエ粕売 (Korean), Kardif 窶 ミ墟ームミエミクム (Serbian *), Kト〉difa (Latvian *), Kardip (Tagalog *), Ovicubium ( Vulgar Latin *) |
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Caerliwelydd (Welsh *), Cathair Luail (Irish, Scottish Gaelic *), Karlajl 窶 ミ墟ームミサミーム侑サ (Serbian), Luguvalium (Latin), Lテケgヌ背ヌ四テャ - 鮖ソ蜿、逑ヲ蛻ゥ (Mandarin) |
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Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian *, Croatian *, Romanian *), Karlove Vari 窶 ミ墟ームミサミセミイミオ ミ漬ームミク (Serbian *), Karlovy Vary (Czech *, Turkish *), Karlowe Wary (Polish *), Karlsbad (Dutch *, German *, Swedish *), Karlsbト‥e (Latvian *), Kテ。rolyfテシrdナ (Hungarian) |
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Caerfyrddin (Welsh), Carmarthen (English), Moridunum (Latin) |
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al-Qartト)anna (Arabic), Cartagena (Catalan *, Dutch *, Portuguese *, Spanish *), Cartagina (Romanian *), Carthagティne (French *), Carthago Nova (Latin *), Kartagina (Polish *), Kartaト。ni (Maltese), Kartahena 窶 ミ墟ームムひームミオミスミー (Serbian *), Kartaxena (Azeri *), Karthayテゥni 窶 ホ墅アマ∃クホアホウホュホスホキ (Greek *), QRT畝溂ク、DナT - 畝挺畝汝畝呆畝溟畝畝畝避畝 (Phoenician/Punic), Xトォn Jiト》テijトォ - 譁ー霑ヲ螟ェ蝓コ (Mandarin) |
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Calteddu
* or Caltheddu Saldhu (local dialect), Caltheddu (
Corsican), Castheddu Sardhu (
Sassarese
*), Casteddu Sardu (
Sardinian
*), Castel Aragonテゥs (former Catalan, 1448窶1767
*), Castelgenovese (former Italian, 1102窶1448
*), Castelsardo (Italian
*), Castillo Aragonテゥs (former Spanish, 1448窶1767
*), Castrum Aragonense or Castrum Aragoniense (Latin, since 1448
*), Castrum Ianuae or Castrum Ianuense (older Latin, 1102窶1448), Emporiae (older Latin
*),
Kastelsardo 窶 ミ墟ームムひオミサムミームミエミセ (Serbian), Yテnwテゥibヌ姉 - 辯慕サエ蝣。/辯慕カュ蝣。 (Mandarin) |
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Catane (French *), Catテ「nia (Portuguese *), Katanja (Maltese *) Katanya (Turkish *), Katテ。nia 窶 ホ墅アマホャホスホケホア (Greek *) |
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Celeia (Latin *), Celje 窶 ミヲミオム厰オ (Serbian *), Celje (Slovene *), Cille (Hungarian *), Cilli (older English *, German *), Kelea (Celtic) |
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Budweis (Dutch *, former English *, German *), ト憩skテゥ Budト嬲ovice (Czech *, Slovak *), ト憩ナ。ke Budjejovice 窶 ミァミオム威コミオ ミ帯σエム侑オム侑セミイミクムミオ (Serbian *), Cheseuki Budeyobiche / Ch'esナュk'i Pudeyobich'e 窶 イエ侃う カ魂囈ケイエ (Korean), Ches'ke-Budejovyce 窶 ミァミオムム糊コミオ-ミ帯σエム頒ケミセミイム毛ミオ (Ukrainian), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish *) |
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ト憩skテス Tト崘。テュn (Czech *), ト憩ナ。ki Tjeナ。in 窶 ミァミオム威コミク ミ「ム侑オム威クミス (Serbian *), Ches'ky-Teshyn 窶 ミァミオムム糊コム-ミ「ミオム威クミス (Ukrainian), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish *), Tschechisch-Teschen (German *) |
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Cesis 窶 ミヲム采ム毛 (Belarusian *), Cト都is (Latvian *), [KNAB], Cesis 窶 ミヲミオムミクム (Serbian *) Cト耀ys (Lithuanian), [KNAB] Kes 窶 ミ墟オムム (archaic Russian *), Kト耀ys (archaic Lithuanian), [KNAB] Kieナ (Polish *), [KNAB] Tsesis 窶 ミヲミオムミクム (Russian *), [KNAB] Tsesis 窶 ミヲミオムム毛 (Ukrainian *), Wenden (German *), [KNAB] Venden ( Livonian), Venden 窶 ミ漬オミスミエミオミスム (archaic Russian), [KNAB] Venden 窶 ミ漬オミスミエミオミス (archaic Ukrainian), Vテオnnu (Estonian *) [KNAB] |
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Cettigne (Italian *), テetince (Turkish), Cetinje 窶 ミヲミオムひクム墟オ (Serbian *), Cetinje (Slovene), Cetynia (Polish *), Ketテュgni 窶 ホ墅オマホッホウホスホキ (Greek *) |
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Cテ。lcis or Cテ。lcida (Portuguese *), Calcide (Italian *), Chalkida (German *), Chalkテュda 窶 ホァホアホサホコホッホエホア (Modern Greek *), Chalcis (French *, Latin *), Chalkis (older German *), Chalkテュs 窶 ホァホアホサホコホッマ (Ancient Greek, Greek Katharevousa *), Halkida 窶 ミ・ミーミサミコミクミエミー (Serbian *), Khalkis (Finnish), Negroponte (medieval Italian) |
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Chamberテュ (old Spanish), Chambテゥry (Dutch, French, German), Sciamberテャ (old Italian), ナamberi 窶 ミィミーミシミアミオムミク (Serbian *) |
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Chaniテ。 窶 ホァホアホスホケホャ (Greek *), Hania (Finnish *, Romanian *), Hanja 窶 ミ・ミーム墟ー (Serbian *), Hanya (Turkish), Kudonija - 逗汝逗芋逗幤逗 (Mycenaean Greek), Kydonia - ホ墹ホエマ火スホッホア (Ancient Greek), La Canea (Catalan *, Italian *, Spanish *), La Canテゥe (French *), |
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Charleroi (Dutch *, Finnish *, French *, German, Romanian *), Chテ「lerwティ (alternative Walloon), Karelskoning (alternative Dutch), Karloreト捐 (Esperanto *), Karolingen (former German), ナarleruト (Latvian *), ナarlroa 窶 ミィミームミサムミセミー (Serbian *), Sharleroah 窶 ラゥラィラ慵ィラ勉碩 (Hebrew *), Sharururowa 窶 繧キ繝」繝ォ繝ォ繝ュ繝ッ (Japanese *), Tchテ・lerwティ (Walloon *) |
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Cheb (Czech *), Eger (German *), Heb 窶 ミ・ミオミア (Serbian *) |
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CheナNno (Polish *), Culm (variant in German *), Helmno (Latvian *), Helmno 窶 ミ・ミオミサミシミスミセ (Serbian *), Khelmno 窶 ミ・ミオミサミシミスミセ (Russian *, Ukrainian *), Kulm (German *), Kulmas (Lithuanian *) |
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Chemnitz (German *, Finnish *, Romanian *), Chemnicium (Latin *), Kamienica Saska (Polish, historical, obsolete *), Kamjenica (Sorbian), Kemnic 窶 ミ墟オミシミスミクム (Serbian *), Saskテ。 Kamenice (Czech, old *), Karl-Marx-Stadt (German, 1953窶1990 *) |
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Chernigov 窶 ミァミオムミスミクミウミセミイ (Russian *), ト憩rnigov 窶 ミァミオムミスミクミウミセミイ (Serbian *), Chernihiv 窶 ミァミオムミスム孟ウム孟イ (Ukrainian *), Czernihテウw (Polish), Tschernigow (obsolete German *), Tschernihiw (German *), Tナ。ernihiv (Finnish) |
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ト径rnaナュcy 窶 ミァミームミスミーム樮ム (Belarusian *), Cernトブナ」i (Romanian *), ト憩rnivci 窶 ミァミオムミスミクミイムミク (Serbian *), ト憩rnovice (Czech *, Slovak *), Chernivtsi 窶 ミァミオムミスム孟イムム (Ukrainian *), Chernovitsy 窶 ミァミオムミスミセミイミクムム (Russian, before 1944 *), Chernovtsi 窶 ミァミオムミスミセミイムミク (Bulgarian *), Chernovtsy 窶 ミァミオムミスミセミイムム (Russian *), Csernivci or Csernovic (Hungarian variants), Csernyivci (Hungarian *), Czerniowce (Polish *), Czernovicensia (Ecclesiastical Latin), Czernowitz (German *), Tchernivtsi (French *), Tjernivtsi (Swedish *), Tschernowitz (German variant *), Tナ。ernivtsi (Finnish), Tshernovits 窶 ラ俎ゥラ「ラィララ蹟クラ勉勉燮・ (Yiddish *), Tsjernivtsi (Norwegian [Nynorsk * and Bokmテ・l *]), Chernovitz 窶 ラヲ'ラィララ勉泰燮・ (Hebrew *) |
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Cernobテ「l (Romanian variant *), テernobトアl (Azeri *), テernobil (Turkish *), Cernobil, ト憩rnobyl' * or ト経rnobyl' (Italian), Cernobテョl (Romanian *), ト憩rnobil (Slovene *), ト憩rnobilj 窶 ミァミオムミスミセミアミクム (Serbian *), ト憩rnobyl (Czech *), ト憩rnobyトセ (Slovak *), Chernobil or Chernテウbil (Portuguese variants *), Chernobyl 窶 ミァミオムミスミセミアム巾サム (Russian *), Cherunobuiri 窶 繝√ぉ繝ォ繝弱ヶ繧、繝ェ (Japanese *), Choreunobil / Ch'orナュnobil 窶 エ壱・エクケ (Korean), Chornobyl 窶 ミァミセムミスミセミアミクミサム (Ukrainian *), Csernobil (Hungarian *), Czarnobyl (Polish *), Qiティト孑nuテイpテゥiト孑 窶 蛻辷セ隲セ雋晉粟 (Chinese *), Searnテウbail (Irish), Tchernobil or Tchernテウbil (Portuguese variants *), Tchernobyl (French *), Tjernobyl (Swedish *), Tschernobyl or Tschornobyl (German *), Tナ。ernobyl (Finnish), Tナ。ernobテオl (Estonian *) |
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ト憩rniachovskas (Lithuanian *), Cernihovsk (Romanian *), ト憩rnjahovsk 窶 ミァミオムム墟ームミセミイムミコ (Serbian), Chernyakhovsk (Russian *), Insterburg (German *), トョsrutis (Lithuanian *), Tナ。ernjahovsk (Finnish), Wystruト (Polish *) |
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Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer, Historically also known as Deverdoeu (Welsh *), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin *), ト憩ster 窶 ミァミオムムひオム (Serbian) |
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Camars (Umbrian) Chiusi (Italian), Clevsin (Etruscan), Clusium (Latin), Klysion - ホ墅サマ済πケホソホス (Ancient Greek) |
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Chiネ冓nトブ (Catalan *, Finnish *, French *, German *, Portuguese *, Romanian *), Chisinau (Dutch *, Finnish variant *, Portuguese variant *, Spanish *), Cテュsineテ。 (Irish), Keshenev 窶 ラァラ「ラゥラ「ララ「ラー (Yiddish *), Kichinev (French variant *), Kischinau (German variant *), Kischinew (German variant *), Kishinau 窶 繧ュ繧キ繝翫え (Japanese *), Kishinev (former English *), Kishinev 窶 ラァラ燮ゥラ燮ラ (Hebrew *), Kishinjov 窶 ミ墟クム威クミスム岱イ (Russian *), Kトォナ。トォnト『 (Arabic), Kiナ。ineu (Bulgarian), Kiナ。inト孥 (Czech *), Kiナ殃nev (Turkish *), Kiナ。iナeva (Latvian *), Kiナ。iniovas (Lithuanian *), Kiナ。injev (Bosnian *, Croatian *, Finnish alternate, Slovene *), Kiナ。injev 窶 ミ墟クム威クム墟オミイ (Serbian *), Kiナ。iナov (Slovak *), Kiナ殃nyov (Azeri), Kisinyov (Hungarian *), Kisjenナ (older Hungarian *), Kisnテウvio 窶 ホ墅ケマπスマ湖イホケホソ (Greek), Kiszyniテウw (Polish *), Kyshyniv 窶 ミ墟クム威クミスム孟イ (Ukrainian *), Quichinau or Quixinau (Portuguese variants *), Quixineve (Portuguese, obsolete *) |
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Chorzテウw (Polish *), Hojナォfu 窶 繝帙ず繝・繝シ繝 (Japanese *), Hoナセaナュ 窶 ミ寅セミカミーム (Belarusian *), Hoナセov 窶 ミ・ミセミカミセミイ (Serbian), Khozhiv 窶 ミ・ミセミカム孟イ (Ukrainian *), Khozhuv 窶 ミ・ミセミカムσイ (Russian *), Kテカnigshテシtte (German *), Choナ冩v (Czech *), Krテウlewska Huta (Polish, until 1934 *) |
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Chur (Dutch, German), Coira (Italian *), Coire (French *), Cuira (Romansh *), Curia Raetorum (Latin *), Hur 窶 ミ・ムτ (Serbian *) |
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ト景erna nad Tisou (Slovak *), Chierna-nad-Tisoyu 窶 ミァム飯ミスミー-ミスミーミエ-ミ「ム毛ミセム (Ukrainian *), ト桂erna na Tisi 窶 ミァム侑オムミスミー ミスミー ミ「ミクムミク (Serbian), Czerna nad Cisト (Polish *) Tiszacsernyナ (Hungarian) |
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Cieszyn (Polish *), Teschen (Dutch *, German *), Tト崘。テュn (Czech *), Teナ。テュn (Slovak *), Tessium (Latin *), Tjeナ。in 窶 ミ「ム侑オム威クミス (Serbian), Tseshin 窶 ミヲミオム威クミス (Russian *, Ukrainian *) |
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Augustonemetum (Latin *), Clarmont (Occitan *), Clermonte (Spanish *), Klermon Feran 窶 ミ墟サミオムミシミセミス ミ、ミオムミーミス (Serbian *) |
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Clテゥveris (Spanish *), Clティves (French *), Cleves (Portuguese *), Clivia (Latin), Kleef (Dutch *), Kleve (German *), Kleve 窶 ミ墟サミオミイミオ (Serbian) |
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Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin *), Cluj (French *, Romanian *,informal), Cluj-Napoca (Dutch *, formal Romanian *), Kaloナ殼ar (Turkish *), Klausenburg (German *), Kluナセ (Czech *, Slovak *), Kluナシ (Polish *), Kluナセ-Napoka 窶 ミ墟サムσカ-ミ斷ーミソミセミコミー (Serbian *), Kolozsvテ。r (Hungarian *), Keullujinapoka / K'ナュllujinap'ok'a 窶 エ」ィァx小ケエ (Korean *), Napoca (Classical Latin *) |
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An Cテウbh (Irish *), Kov 窶 ミ墟セミイ (Serbian), Queenstown or Cove (former English *) |
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Coblenテァa (Portuguese *), Coblence (French *), Coblenza (Italian *, Spanish *), Confluentes (Latin *), Koblenc 窶 ミ墟セミアミサミオミスム (Serbian *), Koblencja (Polish *), Koblenz (Dutch *, Finnish *, German *, Romanian *, Slovene *), Koblenza (Maltese *), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish *) |
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Cobourg (French *), Coburg (Dutch *, German *), Coburgo (Italian *, Portuguese *, Spanish), Koburg 窶 ミ墟セミアムτミウ (Serbian), Kovoテコrgon 窶 ホ墅ソホイホソマ済∃ウホソホス (Greek Katharevousa *) |
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Coimbra (Finnish *, Italian *, Portuguese *, Romanian *, Spanish *), Coテッmbra (Catalan *) Coimbre (French *), Conimbriga (Latin *), Koimbeura / K'oimbナュra 窶 ス肥桷ク誤攵 (Korean), Koimbra 窶 ミ墟セミクミシミアムミー (Serbian *), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
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Camulodunum (Latin *), Camulodunon (British), Kolト稿ster 窶 ミ墟セミサムミオムムひオム (Serbian) |
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Cテカln (older German variant *), Cologne (French *), Colテイnia (Catalan *), Colonia (Italian *, Spanish *), Colテウnia (Portuguese *), CoナPnia (Venetian *), Colonia Agrippina (Latin *), Cwlen (Welsh *), Keln 窶 ラァラ慵 (Hebrew *), Keln 窶 ミ墟オミサミス (Macedonian *, Serbian *), Kel'n 窶 ミ墟オミサム糊ス (Ukrainian *), Keln 窶 ラァラ「ラ慵 (Yiddish *), Kelnas (Lithuanian *), トカelne (Latvian *), Kティlテウng 遘鷹嚀 (Chinese *), Kerun 窶 繧ア繝ォ繝ウ (Japanese *), Keulen (Afrikaans *, Dutch *, West Frisian *), Kjol'n 窶 ミ墫岱サム糊ス (Russian *), Koelleun / K'oellナュn 窶 セー・ク (Korean *), Kolテュn nad Rテスnem (Czech *), Kolテュn nad Rテスnom (Slovak *), Kテカlle ( Cologne Ripuarian dialect *, Kテカln (Azeri *, Estonian *, Finnish *, German *, Hungarian *, Icelandic *, Romanian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), K'oln 窶 ミ墫糊セミサミス (Bulgarian *), Kolon 窶 爨歩・金、イ爭金、ィ (Marathi *), Kolon 窶 犹もク犹もク・犧 (Thai *), Kolonia (Basque *, Polish *), Kolonテュa 窶 ホ墅ソホサマ火スホッホア (Greek *), Kolonja (Maltese), Kナォlナォniya 窶 ルル異ル異ル (Arabic *), Kテクln (Danish *, Norwegian *) |
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Comトハeナ殳i (Romanian *), Komaneナ。ti 窶 ミ墟セミシミーミスミオム尉ひク (Serbian *), Komテ。nfalva (Hungarian *) |
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Cテエme (French *), Comum or Novum Comum (Latin *), Cum (Romansh), Komo 窶 ミ墟セミシミセ (Serbian *) |
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Constanテァa (Brazilian Portuguese *), Constanネ嫗 (Finnish *, Romanian *), Konstanz or Konstanza (German *), Kanstanca 窶 ミ墟ーミスムムひーミスムミー (Belarusian *), Konstanca (Hungarian *, Polish *, Slovak *), Konstanca 窶 ミ墟セミスムムひーミスムミー (Russian *, Serbian *, Ukrainian *), Kテカstence (Turkish *), Kyustendzha 窶 ミ墫紗ムひオミスミエミカミー (Bulgarian *), Tomis (Latin *) |
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Beirbh (Scottish Gaelic, obsolete), Cテウbanhテ。van (Irish *), Copenaghen (Italian *), Copenhaga (Portuguese *, Romanian *), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese *, Catalan *, French *, Spanish *), Gト澱ト嬾hト“ト渡 窶 蜩・譛ャ蜩域ケ (Chinese *), Hafnia (Latin *), Kaufmannshafen (old German *), Kaupmannahテカfn (Icelandic *), Keappenhaven (alternate West Frisian *), Keypmannahavn (Faroese *), Kobenhaven (Slovene *), Kテクbenhavn (Danish *, Norwegian *), Kodaナ (Czech *, Slovak *), Kテカテカpenhamina (Finnish *), Kopenchテ。yi 窶 ホ墅ソマホオホウマホャホウホキ (Greek *), Kopengagen (Russian *), Kopenhaagen (Estonian *), Kopenhag (Turkish *), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian *, Polish *), Kopenhagテォ (Albanian *), Kopenhagen (Azeri *, Croatian *, Dutch *, German *), Kopenhagen 窶 ミ墟セミソミオミスムミーミウミオミス or Kupimore 窶 ミ墫σソミクミシミセムミオ (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Kopenhagen 窶 ラァラ勉、ララ蕃潰 (Hebrew *), Kopenhト“en 窶 繧ウ繝壹Φ繝上シ繧イ繝ウ (Japanese *), Kopenhagen / K'op'enhagen 窶 ス被慈葺イ (Korean), Kopenトァagen (Maltese), Kopenhト“ena (Latvian *), Kopenhago (Esperanto *), Kテカpenhamn (Swedish *), Koppenhテ。ga (Hungarian *), Kナォbinhトト。in (Arabic *) |
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Cordoba (Dutch *, German *, Romanian *), Cテウrdoba (Spanish *, Finnish *), Corduba (Latin *), Cordoue (French *), Cテイrdova (Catalan *), Cordova (English, Interlingua, Italian *, former Romanian *), Cテウrdova (Portuguese *), Kordhoテコi 窶 ホ墅ソマ∃エホソマ歳キ (Greek Katharevousa *), Kテウrdhova 窶 ホ墹狐∃エホソホイホア (Demotic Greek *), Kordoba 窶 ラァラ勉ィラ沌勉泰 (Hebrew *), Kordoba 窶 ミ墟セムミエミセミアミー (Serbian *), Kordoba (Slovene *), Kordova or Qurtuba (Azeri *), Kordova (Latvian *, Ladino *), Kordowa (Polish *), Ladino alternate), Koreudoba / K'orナュdoba 窶 ス罷・エ巡ー (Korean), Korudoba 窶 繧ウ繝ォ繝峨ヰ (Japanese *), Qurtubah (Arabic) |
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Corcira or Corfu (Portuguese *, Romanian *), Corcyra (Latin *), Corcyre (French alternate under Napoleonic rule *), Corfou (French *), Corfテケ (Italian *), Corfテコ (Catalan *, Irish, Spanish *), Kテゥrkira 窶 ホ墅ュマ∃コママ∃ア (Greek *), Kerkira 窶 ミ墟オムミコミクムミー (Russian *), Koreupu / Korナュp'u 窶 ス罷・エ尊 (Korean), Korfoe or Corfu (Dutch *), Korfu (Finnish *, German *, Hungarian *, Ladino, Polish *, Slovak *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Korfu 窶 ミ墟セムムム (Bulgarian *), Korfテケ (Maltese), Krf (Croatian *, Slovene *), Krf 窶 ミ墫ム (Macedonian *, Serbian *), Korfuz (Albanian *) |
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Corint (Catalan *, Romanian *), Corinthe (French *), Corinthus (Latin *), Corintus (Scottish Gaelic, archaic), Corinto (Italian *, Portuguese *, Spanish *), Karynf 窶 ミ墟ームム巾スム (Belarusian *), Korinf (Azeri *), Korinf 窶 ミ墟セムミクミスム (Russian *, Ukrainian *), Korint 窶 ミ墟セムミクミスム (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Korint (Croatian *, Czech *, Slovak *, Slovene *, Turkish *), Kテウrinta (Icelandic *), Korinta (Latvian *), Korintas (Lithuanian *), Korinth (Danish *, German *, Swedish *), Korinthe (Dutch *), Kテウrinthos 窶 ホ墹狐∃ケホスホクホソマ (Greek *), Korinti (Albanian), Korintosz (Hungarian *), Korintti (Finnish *), Korintu (Maltese), Korynt (Polish *) |
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Corc (Welsh *), Corcagia (Latin *), Corcaigh (Irish, Scottish Gaelic *), Cork (Danish *, Dutch *, German *, Italian *, Spanish *, Swedish *), Koreukeu / K'orナュk'ナュ 窶 ス罷・エ〓 (Korean), Kork (Azeri *), Kork 窶 ミ墟セムミコ (Serbian *), Korka (Latvian *), Kuテイ'ト孑kヌ司hティ - 髦泌ー泌ッ襍ォ (Mandarin) |
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Corte (Dutch *, German *, French *, Italian *), Corti (Corsican *), Korte 窶 ミ墟セムムひオ (Serbian) |
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Cortona (Latin, Italian), Curtun - 酔を酔役酔汝酔呆酔役酔 (Etruscan) |
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A Coruテアa (Galician *), La Coruテアa (Spanish *, Dutch *, Finnish *), Corテケna (Scottish Gaelic), Corunha (Portuguese *), Korunja 窶 ミ墟セムムτ墟ー (Serbian *), La Corogne (French *), La Coruna (Romanian *), Lakoruナa (Latvian *), La Korunya (Ladino *), Rakorナォnya 窶 繝ゥ繝サ繧ウ繝ォ繝シ繝九Ε (Japanese *) |
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Chociebuナシ (Polish *), Chテウナ嫺buz (Sorbian), Chotト嫦uz (Czech *), Chotebuz (archaic Slovak *), Cottbus (German *), Kotbus 窶 ミ墟セムひアムτ (Serbian *), Kottbus (archaic German *) |
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Crテゥcy-en-Ponthieu (French *), Kresト溝k (Czech *, archaic Slovak *), Kresi an Pontje 窶 ミ墫ミオムミク ミーミス ミ渙セミスムび侑オ (Serbian *) |
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Coni (French *, Occitan *, Piedmontese *), Cuneum (Latin *), Kuneo 窶 ミ墫σスミオミセ (Serbian *) |
English name | Other names or former names |
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Borisoglebsk 窶 ミ岱セムミクムミセミウミサミオミアムミコ (Russian, 1656窶1667), [KNAB] Daugavpils (Estonian *, Finnish *, Latvian *, Romanian *), Daugavpils 窶 ミ頒ームσウミーミイミソミクミサム (Russian *, [KNAB] Serbian *), Daugawpils (Afrikaans alternative *), Daナュgaナュpils 窶 ミ頒ーム榧ウミーム榧ソム孟サム (Belarusian *), Daugpト様is ( Samogitian *), Daugpilis (Lithuanian *), [KNAB] Daugpiトシs (Latgalian), Denenburg 窶 ラ沌「ララ「ララ泰勉ィラ (Yiddish *), Dinaburg (Livonian, 1275窶1893), Dテシnaburg (former Estonian *, German *), [KNAB] Dunaburgum, Duna urbs or Duneburgum (Latin), [3] [4] [5] Duneborch (Low German), [6] Dvinohrad (Czech alternative), [KNAB] Dvinsk 窶 ラ沌勉燮ラ。ラァ (Hebrew *), Dvinsk 窶 ミ頒イミクミスcミコ (archaic Russian *), [KNAB] Dynaburg (archaic Swedish), [KNAB] Dynaburg 窶 ミ飯巾スミーミアムτミウ (archaic Belarusian, archaic Taraナ。kievica Belarusian), Dyneburg (Polish *), [KNAB] Dzvinsk 窶 ミ頒キミイム孟スムミコ (Belarusian), Dナコvinsk 窶 ミ頒キム糊イム孟スムミコ (Taraナ。kievica Belarusian *), Dナコwiナгk or Dナコwinテウw (archaic Polish variants *), Vテ、inalinn (archaic Estonian variant), [KNAB] Vテ、inテ、nlinna (Finnish alternative *) [KNAB] |
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Dトビmトハeネ冲i (Romanian *), Darmaneナ。ti 窶 ミ頒ームミシミーミスミオム尉ひク (Serbian), Dermeneナ。t' 窶 ミ頒オムミシミオミスミオム尉び (Ukrainian *), Dormテ。nfalva (Hungarian *) |
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Dabosu 窶 繝繝懊せ (Japanese *), Davos (German *), Davos 窶 ミ頒ーミイミセム (Russian *, Serbian *), Davテウs 窶 ホ斫ホアホイマ狐 (Greek *), Dテ。 wテイ sトォ 窶 驕疲イ譁ッ (Chinese *), Tafaat (local Romansh dialect), Tavate (Italian, rarely *), Tavau (Romansh *) |
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Debeurechen / Tebナュrech'en 窶 魂ク誤溢イク (Korean *), Debrecen (Hungarian *, Finnish *), Debrecin (Bosnian *, Croatian *), Debrecin 窶 ミ覇ミアムミオムミクミス (Serbian *), Debrecテュn (Slovak *, Czech *), Debreネ嬖n (Romanian *), Dテゥbretsen 窶 ホ斫ホュホシママ∃オママπオホス (Greek *), Debretsin 窶 ミ覇ミアムミオムミクミス (Russian *), Debreczyn (Polish *), Debretzyn 窶 ラ沌「ラ泰ィラ「ラヲラ燮 (Yiddish *), Debrezin (German *), Debrezun (old Hungarian, 13th century) |
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Bois-le-Duc (French *), Bolduque (Spanish *), Boscoducale (Italian *), De Bosk (West Frisian *), Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch *), Hertogenbos 窶 ミ・ミオムムひセミウミオミスミアミセム (Serbian *), Herzogenbusch (German *), Oeteldonk ( Brabantian, used during Carnival] *) |
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De Helder (West Frisian *), Den Halder 窶 ミ頒オミス ミ・ミーミサミエミオム (Serbian), Den Helder (Dutch *, German *), Le Helder (French *), Nieuwediep ( West Frisian dialect) |
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Deri 窶 ミ頒オムミク (Serbian), Derio (Esperanto), Derrie or Lunnonderrie (Ulster Scots), Doire or Doire Chaluim Chille (Scottish Gaelic *), Doire or Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Londonderry (official English) |
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Castrum Divionense or Diviodunum (Latin *), Digione (Italian *), Dijon (Azeri *, Finnish *, French *, Romanian *), Dijon 窶 ラ沌燮'ラ勉 (Hebrew *), Dijong / Tijong 窶 粕「 (Korean), Diナセon 窶 ミ頒クミカミセミス (Serbian *), Diナセona (Latvian *) |
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Domaナセlice (Czech *), Taus (German *) |
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Dテイm (Lombard), Domodossola (Esperanto, Italian, Venetian), Oscela Lepontiorum (Latin), Uscla (Etruscan) |
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Aleksandrovka 窶 ミ籍サミオミコムミーミスミエムミセミイミコミー (former Russian, until 1869), Danietsk (Russian *), Donト嫩k (Czech *), Doneck (Slovak *), Doナecka (Latvian *), Doneナ」k (Romanian *), Donetsiku 窶 繝峨ロ繝繧」繧ッ (Japanese *), Donetsk (Azeri *, Finnish *), Donetsk 窶 ミ頒セミスミオムム糊コ (Ukrainian *), Donetskas (Lithuanian *), Donezk (German *), Donieck (Polish *), Donjeck (Serbian *), Donyeck (Hungarian *), Hughesovka / Yuzovka 窶 ミョミキミセミイミコミー (Russian, 1869窶1923 *), Jousofka (French, 1869窶1923 *), Trotsk - ミ「ムミセムびミコ (Russian, 1923), Stalin 窶 ミ。ムひーミサミクミス (former Russian, 1924窶1929 *), Stalino 窶 ミ。ムひーミサミクミスミセ (former Russian, 1929窶1961 *), Yuzivka 窶 ミョフミキム孟イミコミー (Ukrainian, 1869窶1924 *) |
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Douai (French), Douay (former French), Dowaai (Dutch), Doway (former English), Duacum (Latin), Duagio (old Italian) |
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Doolish (Manx *), Douglas (English), Dテケghlais (Scottish Gaelic), Dテコglas (Irish) |
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Dナ甲ト 窶 繝峨シ繝舌シ (Japanese *), Dobeo / Tobナ 窶 巡イ (Korean), Douvres (French *), Dover (Dutch, Finnish *, German, Hungarian *, Italian, Romanian *, Spanish), Dover 窶 ラ沌勉泰ィ (Hebrew *), Dテエver (Portuguese *), Doveris (Lithuanian *), Dubris (Latin *), Duvra (Latvian *), Dテコvres (former Spanish) |
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Dテゥlト嬖sトォdテケn 窶 蠕キ邏ッ譁ッ鬘ソ (Chinese *), Deureseuden / Tナュresナュden 窶 糖溢侃唆 (Korean *), Doresuden 窶 繝峨Ξ繧ケ繝繝ウ (Japanese *), Drテ。ナセト渋ny (Czech *, Slovak *), Dresda (Italian *, variant in Portuguese *, Romanian *), Dresde (French *, Spanish *), Dresden (Dutch *, Finnish *, German *, Portuguese *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Drテゥsdi 窶 ホ煩∃ュマπエホキ (Greek *), Drezda (Hungarian *), Drezden (Azeri *), Drezden 窶 ミ飯ミオミキミエミオミス (Bulgarian *, Russian *, Serbian *), Drezden 窶 ラ沌ィラ儲沌 (Hebrew *), Drezdenas (Lithuanian *), Drト奴dene (Latvian *), Drezno (Polish *), Drjeナセdナコany (Lower Sorbian) |
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Drobeta-Turnu Severin (official Romanian *), Drobetae (Latin), Severin (Romanian, informal *), Szテカrテゥnyvテ。r (Hungarian *), Turnu Severin (former Romanian *) |
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Darahiト酵n 窶 ミ頒ームミーミウム毛ム巾ス (Belarusian *), Dorohochyn (Ukrainian *), Drohiト絞nas (Lithuanian *), Drohiczyn (Polish *) |
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Drogobテ「ci (Romanian *), Drogobych -ミ飯ミセミウミセミアム錦 (Russian *), Drohobych 窶 ミ飯ミセミウミセミアミクム (Ukrainian *), Drohobycz (Polish *), Drohobytsch (German *), Drubitsh 窶 ラ沌ィラ蹟クラ蕃蹟クラ泰燮俎ゥ (Yiddish *) |
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テ》h Cliath (Irish short form), Baile テ》ha Cliath (Irish *), Baile テth Cliath (Scottish Gaelic *), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian *), Dablin 窶 ラ沌泰慵燮 (Hebrew *), Daburin 窶 繝繝悶Μ繝ウ (Japanese *), Deobeullin / Tナ獣ナュllin 窶 鵠ク罷ヲー (Korean), Difelin ( Old English *), Dubhlind or Duibhlind (early Classical Irish variants *), Dubhlinn (archaic Irish *), Dublim (Portuguese *), Dublin (Azeri *, Brazilian Portuguese *, Dutch *, French *, Hungarian *, Interlingua, Maltese, Romanian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Dublテュn (Catalan *, Finnish *, Spanish *), Dublin 窶 ミ飯σアミサミクミス (Russian *), Du盧ネinn, Dui盧ネinn or Duibhlinn (historical Irish *), Dublina (Latvian *), Dublinas (Lithuanian *), Dublino (Italian *), Dナォbテウlテュn 窶 驛ス譟乗棊 (Chinese *), Dulenn (Breton *), Dulyn (Welsh *), Duvlテュno 窶 ホ釆ソマホイホサホッホスホソ (Greek *), Dyvlinarskire (old Swedish *), Dyflin ( Old Norse *), Dyflinni (Icelandic *), Divlyn ( Manx *) |
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Dubeurobeunikeu / Tubナュrobナュnik'ナュ 窶 草ク誤。罹ク誤笈〓 (Korean), Dubrovnic (Romanian *), Dubrovnik (Albanian *, Azeri *, Croatian *, Dutch *, Finnish *, German *, Portuguese *, Serbian *, Slovene *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Dubrovnik 窶 ラ沌勉泰ィラ勉泰ラ燮ァ (Hebrew *), Dubrovnik 窶 ミ飯σアムミセミイミスミクミコ (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Dubrovnテュk (Czech *, Slovak *), Dubrovnika (Latvian *), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian *), Dubrownik (Polish *), Ragoテコsa 窶 ホ。ホアホウホソマ済πア (Greek *), Ragusa (Dalmatian, former English, former German *, Italian *, former Romanian *), Raguse (old French *), Raguza (former Hungarian *, Ottoman Turkish *), Rhagusium (Latin) |
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Dトォsburga (Latvian *), Duisbourg (French *), Duisburg (Czech *, Danish *, Dutch *, German *, Italian *, Polish *, Swedish *), Duisburgas (Lithuanian *), Duisburgo (Spanish *, Portuguese *) |
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Dテケn Laoghaire (Scottish Gaelic *), Dunleary (anglicised form pre-1821, still reflected in the pronunciation of "Dテコn Laoghaire" by English-speakers), Kingstown (English, 1821窶1921 *) |
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Dankeruku 窶 繝繝ウ繧ア繝ォ繧ッ (Japanese *), Dinkerk 窶 ラ沌ラァラィラァ (Hebrew *), Djunkerk 窶 ミ飯社スミコミオムミコ (Russian *), [KNAB] Doengkeleukeu 窶 政シ・エ〓 (Korean *), Doncherche (archaic Italian), [7] Donkarkトアz (Turkish *), Dounkテゥrki 窶 ホ釆ソマホスホコホュマ∃コホキ (Greek *), Duinkerke (Dutch *), [KNAB]) Duinkerken (Afrikaans *, alternative Dutch), [KNAB] Dukark (Breton *), [KNAB] Dナォnkティ'ト孑kティ 窶 謨ヲ蜈狗粟蜈 (Mandarin Chinese *), Dunkティke (Picard *), Dunkerque (French *, Italian *, Romanian *), [KNAB] Dunkierka (Polish *), [KNAB] Dテシnkirchen (German *), [KNAB] Dunkirk (Hungarian), Dunquerca (Latin *), Dunquティrca (Occitan *), Dunquerque (Portuguese *, Spanish *), Dテコntsjerk (West Frisian *), Duunkerke (local Flemish *) |
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Dトアraテァ (Turkish *), Dirrテ。chio 窶 ホ煩ママ∃ャマホケホソ (Modern Greek *), Draト (Croatian *, Czech *, Slovene *), Draト 窶 ミ飯ミーム (Macedonian *, Serbian *), Drach 窶 ミ飯ミーム (former Bulgarian *), Duras (former French *), Durazo (Portuguese *), Durazzo (Italian *), Durrテォs (Albanian *, Romanian *), Durナュs 窶 ミ飯τム貫 (Bulgarian *), Dyrrhachion 窶 ホ煩ママ∃ャマホケホソホス (Byzantine Greek), Dyrrhachium (Latin *), Epidamnos (Ancient Greek *) |
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Diseldorf 窶 ラ沌燮。ラ慵沌勉ィラ」 (Hebrew *), Diseldorf 窶 ミ頒クムミオミサミエミセムム (Serbian *), Diseldorfa (Latvian *), Dテュsseldorf 窶 ホ斫ホッマπオホサホスマホソママ (Greek *), Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian *), Dテシsseldorf (Azeri *, Brazilian Portuguese *, Estonian *, Finnish *, German *, Hungarian *, Romanian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Dusseldorf (Italian *), Dusseldテウrfia (Portuguese *), Dusseldorp (Dutch, antiquated *), Dテシsseldorp (former local dialect), Dusserudorufu 窶 繝繝・繝繧サ繝ォ繝峨Ν繝 (Japanese *), Dwiseldoreupeu / Twiseldorナュp'ナュ 窶 彫巡・エ売 (Korean) |