LuxembourgâTurkey relations are the
bilateral relation between
Luxembourg and
Turkey. Following Luxembourg's independence from the Netherlands,[1] Turkey recognized Luxembourg on May 31, 1867.[1] The Turkish Embassy in
Luxembourg was established in 1987.[2] In response, Luxembourg opened its embassy in
Ankara on November 29, 2011.[2]
History
Relations became tense in late 1990s following the 1997
Luxembourg Council meeting, where the
German ChancellorHelmut Kohl defined[3] the European Union as requiring âcivilization,â which a Muslim majority country[4] such as Turkey lacked.
^Boomgaarden, Hajo G. âReligion and Party Positions Towards Turkish EU Accession,â Comparative European Politics, 10 (2012).
^De Vreese, Claes. âA Threat Called Turkey: Perceived Religious Threat and Support for EU Entry of Croatia, Switzerland and Turkey,â Acta Politica, 48.1 (2013).
^
abHeinz, Kramer, A Changing Turkey: A Challenge to Europe and the US (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), p. 287, footnote 40.
^McLaren, Lauren M. âExplaining Opposition to Turkish Membership of the EU,â European Union Politics, 8.2 (2007).
Barber, Lionel. âEU Group Rebuffs Turkish Entry Push,â Financial Times, 5 March 1997.
Boomgaarden, Hajo G. âReligion and Party Positions Towards Turkish EU Accession,â Comparative European Politics, 10 (2012).
De Vreese, Claes. âA Threat Called Turkey: Perceived Religious Threat and Support for EU Entry of Croatia, Switzerland and Turkey,â Acta Politica, 48.1 (2013).
Heinz, Kramer, A Changing Turkey: A Challenge to Europe and the US (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), p. 287, footnote 40.
Hurd, Elizabeth Shakman. âNegotiating Europe: The Politics of Religion and the Prospects for Turkish Accession,â Review of International Studies, 32.3 (2006), p. 406.
McLaren, Lauren M. âExplaining Opposition to Turkish Membership of the EU,â European Union Politics, 8.2 (2007).
MĂŒftĂŒler, Leyla. âThrough the Looking Glass: Turkey in Europe,â Turkish Studies, 1.1 (Spring 2000).
Neumann, Iver B. Uses of the Other: The East in European Identity Formation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999).