From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of women who led a revolt or rebellion . A
revolt is an organized attempt to overthrow an existing body of
state authority through a
rebellion , or uprising.
Queen Zenobia's Last Look Upon Palmyra , by Herbert Schmalz.
In 671–670 BC, the
oracle of Nusku , a former slave-girl, initiated a rebellion against the
Assyrian king
Esarhaddon in favor of the official
Sasi and played a central role in the ensuing conspiracy.
[1]
In 280 BC,
Chelidonis , a Spartan princess, orchestrated provisioning the warriors on the wall during the
Siege of Sparta . She wore a noose around her neck to show her husband
Cleonymus that she would not be taken alive.
[2]
In the 9th century BC, according to the legendary history of Britain,
Queen Gwendolen gathered an army and fought her ex-husband,
Locrinus , in a civil war for the throne of Britain. She defeated him and became the
monarch .
[3]
[4]
In 131 BC,
Cleopatra II of Egypt led a rebellion against
Ptolemy VIII Physcon and drove him and
Cleopatra III out of Egypt.
In 42 BC,
Fulvia , wife of
Mark Antony , organized an uprising against
Augustus .
[5]
In 14,
Mother Lü led a peasant rebellion
[6] against
Wang Mang of the Western
Han Dynasty .
In 40, the
Trưng Sisters successfully rebelled against the
Chinese Han-Dynasty rule, and are regarded as national heroines of
Vietnam .
In 60–61,
Boudica , a Celtic chieftain in Britain, led a massive uprising against the occupying
Roman forces.
[7] The Romans attempted to raise the morale of their troops by informing them that her army contained more women than men.
[8]
In 69–70,
Veleda of the
Germanic
Bructeri tribe wielded a great deal of influence in the
Batavian rebellion . She was acknowledged as a strategic leader, a priestess, a prophet, and as a living
deity .
[9]
In 270,
Zenobia ,
Syrian
queen of the
Palmyrene Empire led a revolt against the
Roman Empire , Her forces took control of Roman Egypt, Arabia, and parts of Asia Minor.
[10]
In 378, Queen
Mavia led a rebellion against the
Roman army
[11] and defeated them repeatedly. The Romans finally negotiated a truce with her on her conditions.
[12]
In the 7th century, the warrior queen and religious leader
Dihya led
Berber resistance against the
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb .
In the late-10th century:
Judith rebels against the
Axumite Dynasty in
Ethiopia .
[13]
In 1420,
Tang Sai'er led an army in the
White Lotus revolt against the Ming dynasty in China.
In
c. 1538-1542 ,
Juliana , a Guaraní woman of early-colonial
Paraguay , killed a
Spanish colonist (her husband or master), and urged the other enslaved indigenous women to do the same; ending executed.
[14]
[15]
[16]
In 1539,
Gaitana of the
Paez led the indigenous people of northern
Cauca ,
Colombia in armed resistance against
colonization by the Spanish . Her monument sculpted by
Rodrigo Arenas stands in
Neiva , the capital of
Huila in
Colombia .
In 1577,
Apacuana of the Quiriquire people of
Venezuela led an uprising against Spanish colonization, ending executed.
[17]
In 1630,
Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba from the
Kingdom of Matamba led a series of revolts against the
Portuguese . She aligned with the
Dutch Republic , forming the first African-European alliance against another European
aggressor .
[18]
In 1716,
Maria leads a slave rebellion on Dutch Curaçao.
In 1720–1739,
Granny Nanny , a spiritual leader of the
Maroons of
Jamaica , leads them to victory in the
First Maroon War .
[19]
In 1748,
Marretje Arents leads the
Pachtersoproer .
In 1760-1790,
Rani Velu Nachiyar (
Tamil : இராணி வேலு நாச்சியார் ) was an 18th-century Indian queen from Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu. Rani Velu Nachiyar was the first queen to fight against the
East India Company in India.
In 1763,
Gabriela Silang led a revolution against the Spanish to establish an independent Ilocos, which was started by her husband,
Diego Silang in after her husband was assassinated in 1763.
In 1778,
Baltazara Chuiza leads a rebellion against the Spanish in Ecuador.
[20]
In 1780,
Huillac Ñusca of the
Kolla tribe rebels against the Spanish in Chile.
In 1781,
Manuela Beltrán , a
Neogranadine (now Colombia) peasant leads revolt against the Spanish Government and sparks the
Revolt of the Comuneros .
In 1781,
Gregoria Apaza , an
Aymara woman, leads an uprising against the Spanish in Bolivia.
In 1782,
Bartolina Sisa , an
Aymara woman who led an indigenous uprising against the Spanish in Bolivia, is captured and executed.
On October 25, 1785,
Toypurina , a
Tongva medicine woman rebels against the Spanish, leading an attack against
Mission San Gabriel Arcángel .
In 1796-1798,
Wang Cong'er and
Wang Nangxian are leaders and commanders of the
White Lotus rebellion in China.
In 1803,
Lorenza Avemanay leads a revolt against Spanish occupation in Ecuador.
[21]
In 1819
María Antonia Santos Plata , a
Neogranadine (now Colombia) peasant, galvanized, organized, and led the rebel guerrillas in the Province of Socorro against the invading Spanish troops during the
Reconquista of the New Granada ; she was ultimately captured, tried, and found guilty of
lese-majesty and
high treason , sentenced and ultimately put to death by
firing squad .
In 1821,
Laskarina Bouboulina , was a
Greek
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25] naval commander who led her own troops during the
Greek War of Independence until the fall of the fort on November 13, 1822. Posthumously, she became an
Admiral of the
Imperial Russian Navy .
In 1824,
Kittur Chennamma led an armed rebellion against the
rule of the East India Company in response to the
Doctrine of lapse . The rebellion ended with her death.
[26] Chennamma's primary grievance was the kappa tax.[
citation needed ]
In 1831, Countess
Emilia Plater creates her own group to fight in the Polish
November Uprising . She becomes commanding officer of a company of
infantry in the rank of captain.[
citation needed ]
In 1843-1844, enslaved Lucumí women
Carlota and Ferminia, led the slave rebellion of
Year of the Lash on Cuba.
In 1857–1858,
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi was one of the leaders of the
Indian Rebellion of 1857 .
Begum Hazrat Mahal also led a band of her supporters in support of Laskhimbai during the revolt.[
citation needed ]
In 1868,
Ana Betancourt helped organize the fight for Cuban independence during the
Ten Years' War and used it as an opportunity to advocate for women's rights.
In 1896,
Shona spiritual leader
Nehanda Nyakasikana participated in the Matabele wars.[
citation needed ]
Comandanta Ramona
Non-violent revolutions and rebellions
Oct. 5, 1789, a young woman struck a marching drum and led
The Women's March on Versailles , in a revolt against King
Louis XVI of France , storming the palace and signaling the
French Revolution .
[28]
In 1947, Chief
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti led the
Abeokuta Women's Union in a revolt that resulted in the abdication of the Egba High King
Oba Ademola II .
[29]
In 1986,
Corazon Aquino led the
People Power Revolution that toppled
Ferdinand Marcos .
[30]
In 2003, African
peace activists
Leymah Gbowee and
Comfort Freeman organized
Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace and led a revolt against violence by seizing a building and blockading the men inside.
[31] Their actions brought an end to the
Second Liberian Civil War , which led to the election of
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in
Liberia , the first
African nation with a
female president .
[32]
In 2004,
Yulia Tymoshenko formed the
Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc as the leader of Ukrainian opposition. Her leadership galvanized the crowds during the
Orange Revolution in Ukraine.
[33]
In 2011, twenty-six-year-old
Asmaa Mahfouz was instrumental
[34] in initiating the protests that began the uprising in Cairo
[35] and started the
2011 Egyptian revolution .
[36] She urged the Egyptian people to join her in a protest on January 25 in
Tahrir Square to bring down Mubarak's regime.
[37] She used
video blogging and
social media that went
viral
[38] and urged people not to be afraid.
[39]
In 2011,
Aya Virginie Toure
[40] organized over 40,000 women
[41] in numerous peaceful protests that turned violent
[42] in a revolution
[43] against
Laurent Gbagbo
[44] in
Côte d'Ivoire .
^ Radner, Karen (2003).
"The Trials of Esarhaddon: The Conspiracy of 670 BC" . ISIMU: Revista sobre Oriente Próximo y Egipto en la antigüedad . 6 . Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 165–183.
^
Plutarch ; Scott-Kilvert, Ian (translator) (1973).
Life of Pyrrhus . New York: Penguin Classics.
ISBN
0-14-044286-3 .
^ Geoffrey of Monmouth, translated by Lewis Thorpe (1966). The History of the Kings of Britain . London, Penguin Group. p. 286.
^ Geoffrey of Monmouth, p.77
^ Leon, p. 202
^
"Lu Mu - mother of a revolution - ColorQ Articles Etc" . www.colorq.org .
^ Hazel, John (2001).
Who's Who in the Roman World . Routledge, London, UK.
ISBN
0-415-22410-1 .
^ Salmonson, p.39
^
Lendering, Jona .
"Veleda" . Livius . Retrieved December 2, 2006 .
^
"Roman Emperors - DIR Vaballathus and Zenobia" . www.roman-emperors.org .
^ Sue M. Sefscik.
"Zenobia" . Women's History. Retrieved 2008-04-01 .
^ Jensen, 1996, pp. 73-75.
^ Kessler, David (1996).
The Falashas: A Short History of the Ethiopian Jews . Routledge. p.
79 .
ISBN
978-0-7146-4646-6 .
^ Schvartzman, Gabriela (September 19, 2020).
"Relatos sobre la India Juliana. Entre la construcción de la memoria y la ficción histórica" . Periódico E'a (in Spanish). Asunción: Atycom. Retrieved December 12, 2021 .
^ Colmán Gutiérrez, Andrés (December 5, 2020).
"En busca de la India Juliana" .
Última Hora (in Spanish). Asunción. Retrieved December 12, 2021 .
^ Tieffemberg, Silvia (2020).
"La india Juliana: el enemigo dentro de la casa" . Pensar América desde sus colonias: Textos e imágenes de América colonial (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
ISBN
978-987-691-787-2 . Retrieved December 12, 2021 – via
Google Books .
^ MacPherson, Telasco A. (1891).
Diccionario histórico, geográfico, estadistico y biográfico del Estado Miranda (República de Venezuela) (in Spanish). Caracas: El Correo de Caracas. pp. 29, 233–234.
OCLC
253754667 . Retrieved January 28, 2022 – via
Google Books .
^
Anna Nzinga Summary – via www.bookrags.com.
^
"Government of Jamaica, national heroes listing" . Archived from
the original on May 15, 2011.
^ Salmonson, p. 58
^ Salmonson, p. 26
^ Jennifer S. Uglow,Maggy Hendry.
The Northeastern dictionary of women's biography . UPNE, 1999
ISBN
978-1-55553-421-9 , p. 81: "Greek freedom fighter."
^ Kirstin Olsen.
Chronology of women's history. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994
ISBN
978-0-313-28803-6 , p. 110.
^ David E. Jones.
Women warriors: a history . Brassey's, 2000
ISBN
978-1-57488-206-3 , p. 131: "the Greek woman warrior tradition continued into the 18th century with Laskarina Bouboulina. Born in 1783, she developed into a Greek naval commander"
^ Bernard A. Cook.
Women and war: a historical encyclopedia from antiquity to the present, Vol. 1 . ABC-CLIO, 2006
ISBN
978-1-85109-770-8 , p. 225: "...of the 1,500 Greek combatants in the crucial battle 1,000 were women. Nevertheless, Laskarina Bouboulina and Manto Mavrogenous, the most famous women fighters of the Greek Revolution were not from mountain villages but islands."
^
"Apache2 Debian Default Page: It works" . Archived from
the original on October 6, 2011.
^
"The Death of Comandanta Ramona" . www.radiozapatista.org .
^
"5th October 1789 – the Women's March on Versailles" .
^ Judith A. Byfie (2003).
"Taxation, Women, and the Colonial State: Egba Women's Tax Revolt" . Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism . 3 (2). Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism (Project Muse): 250–277.
^
'People Power' Leader Toppled Philippine Dictator ,
The Washington Post (1 August 2009)
^
"Women's Peace Movement of Liberia" . The MY HERO Project .
^
"African women look within for change" . CNN.com. 30 October 2009.
^
Ukraine's 'goddess of revolution' ,
BBC News (5 December 2004)
^
"Arab Women Lead the Charge" . Archived from
the original on March 16, 2011.
^
"Women play vital role in Egypt's uprising" (transcript) . National Public Radio . February 4, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-06 .
^
"Revolutionary blogger Asma threatened" . Gulf News . February 5, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-06 .
^ El-Naggar, Mona (February 1, 2011).
"Equal Rights Takes to the Barricades" . The New York Times .
^ Jardin, Xeni (February 2, 2011).
"Egypt: The viral vlog of Asmaa Mahfouz that helped spark an uprising" . Boing Boing .
^
The Canadian Charger
^
"Ivory Coast women defiant after being targeted by Gbagbo's guns" (article) . The Guardian . London. March 11, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-11 .
^
"A plea for help from an Ivorian women's leader amid the violent power struggle" (radio broadcast) . BBC Radio . March 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-23 .
^
"Ivory Coast: women shot dead at anti-Gbagbo rally" (article) . Euronews . March 3, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-03 .
^ Smith, David (April 1, 2011).
"Ivory Coast's well-armed rebels making quick work of revolution" (article) . The Guardian . London. Retrieved 2011-04-01 .
^
"Women in Ivory Coast lead the revolution against Gbagbo" . Newscast Media . March 9, 2011. Archived from
the original (article) on March 14, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-09 .
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