This article is missing information about smaller metropolitan areas defined by OECD and Eurostat.(April 2023) |
This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.
List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For European countries not covered by the three institutions, City Population is used as the population count source for the purpose of assessing the inclusion criteria. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010 [1]) or the Ukrainian Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019 [2]), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.
Figures in the first column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Figures in the second column come from City Population and correspond to "metropolitan areas". Figures in the third and fourth column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the fifth column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a Functional Urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting).
Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.
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Metropolitan area name | Country | OECD Metropolitan areas (2020) [3] |
City Population Urban Agglomeration (2024) [4] |
Eurostat Metropolitan region (2019) [5] |
Eurostat Metropolitan region (2018) [5] |
ESPON Functional Urban Area (2006) [6] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A Coruña metropolitan area | Spain | 423,375 | <1,000,000 | 1,122,006 | 1,121,417 | 376,000 |
Alicante- Elche | Spain | 475,402 | <1,000,000 | 1,862,780 | 1,845,470 | 645,000 [a] |
Amsterdam metropolitan area | Netherlands | 2,890,428 | 2,525,000 | 3,269,905 | 3,242,852 | 2,497,000 [b] |
Antwerp | Belgium | 1,146,565 | 1,240,000 | 1,053,033 | 1,047,030 | 1,406,000 [c] |
Athens metropolitan area | Greece | 3,526,887 | 3,575,000 | 3,561,750 | 3,576,590 | 3,761,000 |
Baku [d] | Azerbaijan | 3,675,000 | ||||
Barcelona metropolitan area | Spain | 5,105,991 | 4,875,000 | 5,575,204 | 5,514,881 | 4,082,000 [e] |
Metropolitan City of Bari | Italy | 726,049 | <1,000,000 | 1,234,997 | 1,257,520 | 584,000 |
Belgrade | Serbia | — | 1,430,000 | — | — | — |
Bergamo | Italy | 311,971 | 6,100,000 [f] | 1,107,159 | 1,111,035 | 662,000 [g] |
Bergen Region | Norway | — | <1,000,000 | 1,000,149 | 996,064 | 335,000 |
Berlin metropolitan area | Germany | 5,342,958 | 4,850,000 | 5,303,846 | 5,259,363 | 4,016,000 |
Bern | Switzerland | 503,213 | <1,000,000 | 1,034,977 | 1,031,126 | 376,000 |
Bilbao | Spain | 1,014,366 | <1,000,000 | 1,137,191 | 1,134,848 | 947,000 |
Bologna metropolitan area | Italy | 790,044 | <1,000,000 | 1,017,551 | 1,011,291 | 690,000 |
Bordeaux | France | 1,290,068 | 1,140,000 | 1,619,190 | 1,601,845 | 918,000 |
Brescia | Italy | 477,611 | <1,000,000 | 1,254,419 | 1,262,402 | 384,000 |
Greater Bristol | United Kingdom | 969,256 | <1,000,000 | 1,157,937 | 1,147,017 | 1,041,000 |
Brno | Czech Republic | 735,652 | <1,000,000 | 1,187,667 | 1,183,207 | 535,000 |
Brussels metropolitan area | Belgium | 2,500,251 | 2,750,000 | 2,548,941 | 2,528,996 | 2,639,000 [c] |
Bucharest metropolitan area | Romania | 2,219,341 | 2,200,000 | 2,315,173 | 2,302,291 | 2,064,000 |
Budapest metropolitan area | Hungary | 3,012,001 | 2,500,000 | 3,031,160 | 3,011,598 | 2,523,000 |
Cádiz | Spain | 252,140 | <1,000,000 | 1,249,739 | 1,249,245 | 400,000 |
Metropolitan City of Catania | Italy | 634,134 | <1,000,000 | 1,077,270 | 1,109,888 | 707,000 |
Cardiff | United Kingdom | 928,101 | <1,000,000 | 1,140,165 | 1,135,795 | 1,097,000 |
Copenhagen metropolitan area | Denmark | 1,945,157 | 1,770,000 | 2,045,259 | 2,030,718 | 1,881,000 [h] |
Donetsk | Ukraine | — | 1,410,000 [i] | — | — | — |
Dnipro | Ukraine | — | 1,330,000 [j] | — | — | — |
Dresden | Germany | 1,343,747 | <1,000,000 | 1,343,305 | 1,341,986 | 882,000 |
Dublin Metropolitan Area | Ireland | 2,110,459 | 1,530,000 | 2,107,749 | 2,069,386 | 1,477,000 |
Metropolitan City of Florence | Italy | 791,543 | <1,000,000 | 998,976 | 1,013,260 | 645,000 [k] |
Frankfurt Rhine-Main | Germany | 2,729,936 | 3,300,000 | 2,710,127 | 2,693,115 | 2,764,000 [l] |
Gdańsk ( Tricity) | Poland | 1,170,990 | <1,000,000 | 1,328,350 | 1,317,517 | 993,000 |
Greater Glasgow | United Kingdom | 1,847,200 | 1,700,000 | 1,861,315 | 1,854,866 | 1,395,000 |
Gothenburg | Sweden | 1,051,345 | <1,000,000 | 1,709,814 | 1,690,782 | 759,000 |
Grenoble metropolitan area | France | 717,469 [m] | <1,000,000 | 1,266,669 | 1,263,563 | 555,000 |
The Hague | Netherlands | 1,116,798 | 3,400,000 [n] | 1,103,368 | 1,093,212 | 1,404,000 [b] |
Hamburg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 3,328,679 | 2,925,000 | 3,327,940 | 3,309,215 | 2,983,000 |
Hannover | Germany | 1,316,006 | 1,150,000 | 1,315,405 | 1,310,558 | 997,000 [o] |
Helsinki Metropolitan Area | Finland | 1,526,778 | 1,530,000 | 1,671,024 | 1,655,624 | 1,285,000 |
Istanbul [p] | Turkey | 13,719,061 | 15,900,000 | — | — | — |
Katowice metropolitan area | Poland | 2,486,510 | 2,225,000 | 2,695,148 | 2,705,106 | 3,029,000 [q] |
Kazan metropolitan area | Russia | — | 1,590,000 | — | — | — |
Kharkiv | Ukraine | — | 1,600,000 [j] | — | — | — |
Kyiv metropolitan area | Ukraine | — | 3,475,000 [j] | — | — | — |
Kraków metropolitan area | Poland | 1,423,235 | <1,000,000 | 1,491,811 | 1,480,803 | 1,236,000 |
Leicester | United Kingdom | 910,918 | <1,000,000 | 1,443,399 | 1,432,212 | 745,000 |
Leipzig | Germany | 1,049,342 | <1,000,000 | 1,043,293 | 1,037,782 | 842,000 |
Lille | France | 1,505,093 | 1,320,000 | 2,603,999 | 2,606,234 | 1,161,000 [r] |
Lisbon metropolitan area | Portugal | 3,035,487 | 2,500,000 | 2,846,332 | 2,833,679 | 2,591,000 |
Łódź metropolitan area | Poland | 903,719 | <1,000,000 | 1,070,544 | 1,074,374 | 1,165,000 |
London metropolitan area | United Kingdom | 12,451,423 | 14,900,000 | 14,372,596 | 14,257,962 | 11,203,000 |
Lyon | France | 2,129,101 | 2,025,000 | 1,871,364 | 1,859,524 | 1,669,000 |
Madrid metropolitan area | Spain | 7,005,286 | 6,650,000 | 6,641,649 | 6,549,520 | 5,263,000 |
Málaga- Marbella | Spain | 1,211,770 [s] | 1,090,000 | 1,660,985 | 1,651,506 | 775,000 [t] |
Malmö | Sweden | 690,334 | <1,000,000 | 1,362,164 | 1,344,689 | 667,000 [h] |
Greater Manchester | United Kingdom | 3,399,018 | 3,150,000 | 3,712,997 | 3,695,071 | 2,556,000 |
Mannheim- Ludwigshafen | Germany | 1,191,766 | 1,590,000 | 1,189,073 | 1,184,343 | 1,136,000 [u] |
Marseille | France | 1,278,124 [v] | 1,700,000 | 3,112,990 | 3,102,054 | 1,530,000 |
Merseyside ( Liverpool/ Birkenhead) | United Kingdom | 1,548,752 | 1,890,000 | 1,784,475 | 1,777,603 | 2,241,000 |
Milan metropolitan area | Italy | 4,985,668 | 6,100,000 [f] | 4,344,411 | 4,336,121 | 4,136,000 [g] |
Minsk metropolitan area | Belarus | — | 2,100,000 | — | — | — |
Montpellier | France | 801,595 [m] | <1,000,000 | 1,171,739 | 1,159,220 | 460,000 |
Moscow metropolitan area | Russia | — | 19,100,000 | — | — | — |
Murcia- Cartagena | Spain | 882,745 [w] | <1,000,000 | 1,487,663 | 1,475,569 | 854,000 [x] |
Munich | Germany | 2,926,802 | 2,300,000 | 2,908,664 | 2,883,373 | 2,665,000 [y] |
Nantes | France | 1,003,395 | <1,000,000 | 1,427,913 | 1,412,502 | 708,000 |
Naples metropolitan area | Italy | 3,349,233 | 4,050,000 [z] | 3,048,194 | 3,101,002 | 2,905,000 [aa] |
Nice | France | 1,020,879 | <1,000,000 | 1,087,266 | 1,086,219 | 1,082,000 |
Nizhny Novgorod | Russia | — | 1,660,000 | — | — | — |
Nottingham- Derby | United Kingdom | 935,049 [ab] | 1,380,000 | 590,043 [ac] | 587,596 [ad] | 1,534,000 |
Northwest Metropolitan Region ( Bremen) | Germany | 1,274,429 | 1,000,000 | 1,277,609 | 1,274,611 | 1,077,000 |
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 1,352,002 | 1,210,000 | 1,349,848 | 1,340,886 | 1,443,000 |
Odesa | Ukraine | — | 1,100,000 [j] | — | — | — |
Greater Oslo Region | Norway | 1,420,926 | 1,260,000 | 1,305,122 | 1,287,495 | 1,037,000 |
Ostrava metropolitan area | Czech Republic | 709,768 | <1,000,000 | 1,203,299 | 1,205,886 | 1,046,000 [q] |
Oviedo- Gijón | Spain | 604,802 [ae] | <1,000,000 | 1,022,205 | 1,027,624 | 706,000 [af] |
Palermo metropolitan area | Italy | 995,821 | <1,000,000 | 1,231,602 | 1,260,193 | 861,000 |
Paris metropolitan area | France | 12,997,058 | 11,500,000 | 12,252,917 | 12,213,447 | 11,175,000 |
Perm | Russia | — | 1,090,000 | — | — | — |
Porto Metropolitan Area | Portugal | 1,785,248 | 1,550,000 | 1,722,374 | 1,719,702 | 1,245,000 [ag] |
Portsmouth- Southampton | United Kingdom | 695,204 [ah] | 1,150,000 | 1,482,547 [ai] | 1,475,984 [aj] | 1,547,000 |
Poznań metropolitan area | Poland | 993,656 | <1,000,000 | 1,194,454 | 1,186,164 | 919,000 |
Prague metropolitan area | Czech Republic | 2,267,817 | 1,470,000 | 2,677,964 | 2,647,308 | 1,669,000 |
Rennes Métropole | France | 755,668 [m] | <1,000,000 | 1,077,412 | 1,069,228 | 517,000 |
Rhein-Nord [ak] ( Düsseldorf - Neuss) | Germany | 1,557,269 | 5,000,000 [al] | 2,171,821 [am] | 2,167,875 [an] | 3,073,000 [ao] [ap] |
Rhein-Süd [ak] ( Cologne - Bonn) | Germany | 2,004,984 | 5,000,000 [al] | 2,930,084 [aq] | 2,919,070 [ar] | 3,070,000 [ap] |
Riga metropolitan area | Latvia | 927,924 | <1,000,000 | 1,003,203 | 1,005,237 | 1,195,000 |
Rome metropolitan area | Italy | 4,325,591 | 3,425,000 | 4,263,542 | 4,355,725 | 5,190,000 |
Rostov-on-Don | Russia | — | 1,410,000 | — | — | — |
Rotterdam | Netherlands | 1,876,165 | 3,400,000 [n] | 1,846,933 | 1,835,354 | 1,904,000 [b] |
Rouen | France | 705,627 [m] | <1,000,000 | 1,254,436 | 1,255,883 | 599,000 |
Ruhr [ak] | Germany | 5,115,617 | 5,650,000 | 5,111,530 | 5,113,487 | 5,376,000 [as] [ap] |
Saarbrücken - Forbach |
Germany/ France |
797,110 | <1,000,000 | 799,746 | 802,664 | 1,102,000 |
Saint Petersburg metropolitan area | Russia | — | 6,500,000 | — | — | — |
Samara | Russia | — | 1,370,000 | — | — | — |
Saratov | Russia | — | 1,210,000 | — | — | — |
Seville | Spain | 1,558,006 | 1,300,000 | 1,949,640 | 1,945,236 | 1,180,000 [at] |
Stoke-on-Trent | United Kingdom | 484,659 | <1,000,000 | 1,130,317 | 1,126,654 | 456,000 |
Strasbourg | France | 853,110 [m] | <1,000,000 | 1,138,467 | 1,133,552 | 661,000 [au] |
Sofia | Bulgaria | 1,551,056 | 1,240,000 | 1,678,041 | 1,679,413 | 1,174,000 |
Metropolitan Stockholm | Sweden | 2,377,081 | 2,275,000 | 2,344,124 | 2,308,143 | 2,171,000 |
South Yorkshire ( Sheffield- Doncaster) | United Kingdom | 1,204,485 | 1,540,000 | 1,404,971 [av] | 1,397,266 [aw] | 1,869,000 |
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region | Germany | 2,794,283 | 2,400,000 | 2,787,724 | 2,778,591 | 2,289,000 |
Tbilisi [d] | Georgia | 1,420,000 | ||||
Thessaloniki metropolitan area | Greece | 1,049,937 | <1,000,000 | 1,104,690 | 1,105,663 | 1,052,000 |
Toulouse | France | 1,445,789 | 1,130,000 | 1,395,382 | 1,380,672 | 832,000 |
Turin metropolitan area | Italy | 1,728,714 | 1,580,000 | 2,238,663 | 2,269,120 | 1,601,000 [ax] |
Tyne and Wear ( Newcastle- Sunderland) | United Kingdom | 1,192,598 | 1,470,000 | 1,177,704 | 1,172,580 | 1,599,000 |
Ufa | Russia | — | 1,230,000 | — | — | — |
Utrecht | Netherlands | 887,420 | <1,000,000 | 1,306,912 | 1,295,484 | 982,000 [b] |
Valencia | Spain | 1,768,205 | 1,920,000 | 2,540,588 | 2,531,187 | 1,398,000 [ay] |
Vienna | Austria | 3,004,660 | 2,350,000 | 2,853,903 | 2,838,558 | 2,584,000 |
Volgograd | Russia | — | 1,090,000 | — | — | — |
Voronezh | Russia | — | 1,170,000 | — | — | — |
Warsaw metropolitan area | Poland | 3,209,784 | 2,500,000 | 3,053,104 | 3,025,034 | 2,785,000 |
West Midlands conurbation ( Birmingham) | United Kingdom | 3,122,915 | 3,250,000 | 2,558,916 | 2,545,475 | 3,683,000 |
West Yorkshire Built-up Area ( Leeds - Bradford) | United Kingdom | 2,655,815 | 2,225,000 | 1,750,276 | 1,741,298 | 2,302,000 |
Yerevan [d] | Armenia | 1,520,000 | ||||
Zagreb metropolitan area | Croatia | 1,219,858 | <1,000,000 | 1,240,433 | 1,240,310 | — |
Zürich metropolitan area | Switzerland | 1,401,783 | 1,490,000 | 1,520,968 | 1,504,346 | 1,615,000 |
Rank | Area | State | Population [7] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region | Germany | 12,190,000 |
2 | Randstad | Netherlands | 6,787,000 |
3 | Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area | Poland/ Czech Republic | 5,294,000 |
4 | Flemish Diamond | Belgium | 5,103,000 |
5 | Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region | Austria/ Slovakia | 4,600,000 |