From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marine mammals comprise over 130 living and recently extinct species in three taxonomic
orders . The
Society for Marine Mammalogy , an international
scientific society , maintains a list of valid
species and
subspecies , most recently updated in October 2015.
[1] This list follows the Society's taxonomy regarding and subspecies.
Conservation status codes listed follow the
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 19 January 2015
[2] ) and are clickable to link to IUCN Red List species pages.
EX - extinct
EW - extinct in the wild
CR - critically endangered
EN - endangered
VU - vulnerable
NT - near threatened
LC - least concern
DD - data deficient
NE - not evaluated
Footnote on use of Cetartiodactyla
[a]
Common minke whale , Balaenoptera acutorostrata
LC (ssp. acutorostrata -
North Atlantic minke whale NE , ssp. scammoni -
North Pacific minke whale NE , unnamed ssp.
dwarf minke whale NE )
Antarctic minke whale , Balaenoptera bonaerensis
DD
Sei whale , Balaenoptera borealis
EN (ssp. borealis -
northern sei whale NE , ssp. schlegellii -
southern sei whale NE )
Bryde's whale , Balaenoptera edeni
DD (ssp. brydei -
Bryde's whale NE , ssp. edeni -
Eden's whale NE )
Omura's whale , Balaenoptera omurai
DD
Blue whale , Balaenoptera musculus
EN (ssp. musculus -
northern blue whale NE , ssp. brevicauda -
pygmy blue whale
DD , ssp. intermedia -
southern blue whale
CR , ssp. indica -
great Indian blue whale NE )
Fin whale , Balaenoptera physalus
EN (ssp. patachonica
pygmy fin whale NE , ssp. physalus -
northern fin whale NE but Mediterranean Subpopulation
VU , ssp. quoyi -
southern fin whale NE )
Humpback whale , Megaptera novaeangliae
LC (ssp. novaeangliae
North Atlantic humpback whale NE , ssp. kuzira -
North Pacific humpback whale NE , ssp. australis -
southern humpback whale NE but Oceania subpopulation
EN , isolated subpopulation in Arabian Sea
EN )
DD
Baird's beaked whale , Berardius bairdii
DD
Sato's beaked whale , Berardius minimus
NT
Northern bottlenose whale , Hyperoodon ampullatus
DD
Southern bottlenose whale , Hyperoodon planifrons
LC
Tropical bottlenose whale , Indopacetus pacificus
DD
Sowerby's beaked whale , Mesoplodon bidens
DD
Andrews' beaked whale , Mesoplodon bowdoini
DD
Hubbs' beaked whale , Mesoplodon carlhubbsi
DD
Blainville's beaked whale , Mesoplodon densirostris
DD
Gervais' beaked whale , Mesoplodon europaeus
DD
Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale , Mesoplodon ginkgodens
DD
Gray's beaked whale , Mesoplodon grayi
DD
Hector's beaked whale , Mesoplodon hectori
DD
Deraniyagala's beaked whale , Mesoplodon hotaula NE
Strap-toothed whale , Mesoplodon layardii
DD
True's beaked whale , Mesoplodon mirus
DD
Perrin's beaked whale , Mesoplodon perrini
DD
Pygmy beaked whale , Mesoplodon peruvianus
DD
Stejneger's beaked whale , Mesoplodon stejnegeri
DD
Spade-toothed whale , Mesoplodon traversii
DD
Shepherd's beaked whale , Tasmacetus shepherdi
DD
Cuvier's beaked whale , Ziphius cavirostris
LC
Commerson's dolphin , Cephalorhynchus commersonii
DD (ssp. commersonii -
Commerson's dolphin NE , ssp. kerguelenensis -
Kerguelen Islands Commerson’s dolphin NE )
Chilean dolphin , Cephalorhynchus eutropia
NT
Heaviside's dolphin , Cephalorhynchus heavisidii
DD
Hector's dolphin , Cephalorhynchus hectori (ssp. hectori -
South Island Hector’s dolphin
EN , ssp. maui -
Maui's dolphin or
North Island Hector’s dolphin
CR )
Long-beaked common dolphin , Delphinus capensis
DD (ssp. capensis -
long-beaked common dolphin NE , ssp. tropicalis -
Indo-Pacific common dolphin NE )
Short-beaked common dolphin , Delphinus delphis
LC (ssp. delphis -
short-beaked common dolphin Mediterranean Subpopulation
EN , ssp. ponticus -
Black Sea common dolphin
VU )
Pygmy killer whale , Feresa attenuata
DD
Short-finned pilot whale , Globicephala macrorhynchus
DD
Long-finned pilot whale , Globicephala melas
DD (ssp. edwardii -
southern long-finned pilot whale NE , ssp. melas -
North Atlantic long-finned pilot whale NE , unnamed spp. -
North Pacific long-finned pilot whale EX )
Risso's dolphin , Grampus griseus
LC
Fraser's dolphin , Lagenodelphis hosei
LC
White-beaked dolphin , Lagenorhynchus albirostris
LC
Atlantic white-sided dolphin , Lagenorhynchus acutus
LC
Peale's dolphin , Lagenorhynchus australis
DD
Hourglass dolphin , Lagenorhynchus cruciger
LC
Pacific white-sided dolphin , Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
LC
Dusky dolphin , Lagenorhynchus obscurus
DD (ssp. fitzroyi -
Fitzroy’s dolphin NE , ssp. obscurus -
African dusky dolphin NE , ssp. posidonia -
Chilean dusky dolphin NE , unnamed spp. -
New Zealand dusky dolphin NE )
Northern right whale dolphin , Lissodelphis borealis
LC
Southern right whale dolphin , Lissodelphis peronii
DD
Irrawaddy dolphin , Orcaella brevirostris
VU
Australian snubfin dolphin , Orcaella heinsohni
NT
Orca (killer whale), Orcinus orca
DD (unnamed ssp. -
resident killer whale NE , unnamed ssp.
transient killer whale NE )
Melon-headed whale , Peponocephala electra
LC
False killer whale , Pseudorca crassidens
DD
Atlantic humpback dolphin , Sousa teuszii
VU
Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin , Sousa chinensis
NT , (ssp. chinensis -
Chinese humpback dolphin NE , ssp. taiwanensis -
Taiwanese humpback dolphins NE )
Indian Ocean humpback dolphin , Sousa plumbea NE
Australian humpback dolphin , Sousa sahulensis NE
Tucuxi , Sotalia fluvialis
DD
Guiana dolphin (Costero), Sotalia guianensis
DD
Pantropical spotted dolphin , Stenella attenuata
LC (ssp. attenuata -
Offshore pantropical spotted dolphin NE , ssp. graffmani -
Coastal pantropical spotted dolphin NE )
Clymene dolphin , Stenella clymene
DD
Striped dolphin , Stenella coeruleoalba
LC
Atlantic spotted dolphin , Stenella frontalis
DD
Spinner dolphin , Stenella longirostris
DD (ssp. centroamericana -
Central American spinner dolphin NE , ssp. longirostris -
Gray’s spinner dolphin NE , ssp. orientalis -
Eastern spinner dolphin
VU , ssp. roseiventris -
dwarf spinner dolphin NE )
Rough-toothed dolphin , Steno bredanensis
LC
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin , Tursiops aduncus
DD
Common bottlenose dolphin , Tursiops truncatus
LC (ssp. truncatus -
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin Fiordland subpopulation
CR and Mediterranean subpopulation
VU , ssp. gillii -
Pacific bottlenose dolphin , ssp. poncticus -
Black Sea bottlenose dolphin
CR )
Burrunan dolphin , Tursiops australis NE
Indo-Pacific finless porpoise , Neophocaena phocaenoides
VU
Narrow-ridged finless porpoise, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis
VU , (spp. asiaeorientalis -
Yangtze finless porpoise
CR , ssp. sumameri -
East Asian finless porpoise (sunameri) NE )
Spectacled porpoise , Phocoena dioptrica
DD
Harbour porpoise , Phocoena phocoena
LC (Baltic Sea subpopoulation
CR ) (ssp. phocoena -
Atlantic harbour porpoise NE , ssp. vomerina -
Eastern Pacific harbour porpoise NE , ssp. relicta -
Black Sea harbour porpoise
EN , unnamed ssp.
Western Pacific harbour porpoise NE )
Vaquita , Phocoena sinus
CR
Burmeister's porpoise , Phocoena spinipinnis
DD
Dall’s porpoise , Phocoenoides dalli
LC (ssp. dalli -
Dalli -type Dall’s porpoise NE , ssp. truei -
Truei -type Dall’s porpoiseNE )
Brown fur seal , Arctocephalus pusillus
LC (ssp. pusillus -
Cape fur seal NE , ssp. doriferus -
Australian fur seal NE )
South American fur seal , Arctophoca australis
LC (ssp. australis -
South American fur seal NE , unnamed ssp. -
Peruvian fur seal NE )
New Zealand fur seal , Arctophoca forsteri
LC
Galápagos fur seal , Arctophoca galapagoensis
EN
Antarctic fur seal , Arctophoca gazella
LC
Juan Fernández fur seal , Arctophoca philippii
LC
Guadalupe fur seal , Arctophoca townsendi
LC
Subantarctic fur seal , Arctophoca tropicalis
LC
Northern fur seal , Callorhinus ursinus
VU
Steller sea lion , Eumetopias jubatus
NT (ssp. jubatus -
western Steller sea lion
EN , ssp. monteriensis -
Loughlin’s Steller sea lion
LC )
Australian sea lion , Neophoca cinerea
EN
South American sea lion , Otaria byronia
LC
New Zealand sea lion , Phocarctos hookeri
EN
California sea lion , Zalophus californianus
LC
Japanese sea lion , Zalophus japonicus
EX
Galápagos sea lion , Zalophus wollebaeki
EN
Hooded seal , Cystophora cristata
VU
Bearded seal , Erignathus barbatus
LC (ssp. barbatus -
Atlantic bearded seal NE , ssp. nauticus -
Pacific bearded seal NE )
Grey seal , Halichoerus grypus
LC (ssp. grypus -
Western Atlantic grey seal NE , ssp. macrorhynchus -
Eastern Atlantic grey seal NE )
Ribbon seal , Histriophoca fasciata
DD
Leopard seal , Hydrurga leptonyx
LC
Weddell seal , Leptonychotes weddellii
LC
Crabeater seal , Lobodon carcinophagus
LC
Southern elephant seal , Mirounga leonina
LC
Northern elephant seal , Mirounga angustirostris
LC
Mediterranean monk seal , Monachus monachus
CR
Hawaiian monk seal , Neomonachus schauinslandi
CR
Caribbean monk seal , Neomonachus tropicalis
EX
Ross seal , Ommatophoca rossii
LC
Harp seal , Pagophilus groenlandicus
LC
Harbor seal , Phoca vitulina
LC (ssp. vitulina -
Atlantic harbor seal NE , ssp. mellonae -
Ungava harbor seal NE , ssp. richardii -
Pacific harbour seal NE )
Spotted seal , Phoca largha
DD
Ringed seal , Pusa hispida
LC (ssp. hispida -
Arctic ringed seal NE , ssp. botnica -
Baltic ringed seal NE , ssp. ochotensis -
Okhotsk ringed seal NE , ssp. ladogensis -
Lake Logoda ringed seal NE , ssp. saimensis -
Saima seal )
Caspian seal , Pusa caspica
EN
Baikal seal , Pusa sibirica
LC
See also
References
^
"The Society for Marine Mammalogy's Taxonomy Committee List of Species and Subspecies" . Society for Marine Mammalogy. October 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2020 .
^
"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" . International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 19 January 2015 .
^
^ Price, SA.; Bininda-Emonds, OR.; Gittleman, JL. (2005). "A complete phylogeny of the whales, dolphins and even-toed hoofed mammals – Cetartiodactyla". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc . 80 (3): 445–473.
doi :
10.1017/s1464793105006743 .
PMID
16094808 .
S2CID
45056197 .
^ Montgelard, C.; Catzeflis, FM.; Douzery, E. (1997).
"Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S RNA mitochondrial sequences" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 14 (5): 550–559.
doi :
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025792 .
PMID
9159933 .
^ Spaulding, M.; O'Leary, MA.; Gatesy, J. (2009).
"Relationships of Cetacea -Artiodactyla- Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution" . PLOS ONE . 4 (9): e7062.
Bibcode :
2009PLoSO...4.7062S .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0007062 .
PMC
2740860 .
PMID
19774069 .
^
Cetacean Species and Taxonomy . iucn-csg.org
^
"The Society for Marine Mammalogy's Taxonomy Committee List of Species and subspecies"
Archived 2015-01-06 at the
Wayback Machine .
^ Samuel T Turvey; Robert L Pitman; Barbara L Taylor; Jay Barlow; Tomonari Akamatsu; Leigh A Barrett; Xiujiang Zhao; Randall R Reeves; Brent S Stewart; Kexiong Wang; Zhuo Wei; Xianfeng Zhang; L.T Pusser; Michael Richlen; John R Brandon; Ding Wang (2007).
"First human-caused extinction of a cetacean species?" . Biology Letters . 3 (5): 537–540.
doi :
10.1098/rsbl.2007.0292 .
PMC
2391192 .
PMID
17686754 .
By class By subclass or infraclass By order
Afrosoricids (golden moles, otter shrews, and tenrecs)
Artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates)
Bats
Carnivorans (carnivores)
Cingulates (armadillos)
Dasyuromorphs (quolls, dunnarts, and other Australian carnivores)
Didelphimorphs (opossums)
Diprotodonts (kangaroos, possums, and wombats)
Eulipotyphlans (hedgehogs, moles, and shrews)
Lagomorphs (hares, rabbits, and pikas)
Macroscelids (elephant shrews)
Peramelemorphs (bandicoots and bilbies)
Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates)
Pilosans (anteaters and sloths)
Primates
Rodents
Scandentians (treeshrews)
By suborder or family
By species