Kists (Кисты) on
Vakhushti's map in 1745 located west of the
Durdzuks (Цурцукы) and
Gligvi (Глигвы)
Kisty-Ingoschofski (Ingush) on
Jacob von Staehlin's map in 1771, over a decade prior to the establishment of the fortress
Vladikavkaz on the right bank of the
Terek river.
Ingush or Kists on L. Städer's map (1782)
Chechnya
Map of the distant Kistins (1836)
Kistins on the map of Little Chechnya (1847)
Kistins (1858)
Kists or Kistins[a] is an old
exonym of all
Nakh peoples (
Ingush,
Chechens and
Batsbi), under which local societies later were designated, and conditionally divided into
nearby Kistins and distant Kistins.[1][2][3][4][5] In Russian sources of the 19th century, the term nearby Kistins referred to the inhabitants of the
Kistin Gorge in the vicinity of river
Armkhi, and distant Kistins referred to the inhabitants of the upper reaches of the
Argun. Today the name is mostly used to refer to the
Chechens who compactly live in the
Pankisi Gorge of
Georgia.[6][7][8]
In 1795, when describing the peoples inhabiting
Russia, the Kists are mentioned as follows: Kistins, or Kisti, who are divided into different tracts of which it is known to exist: Chechens, Ingush and Karabulaks, they live along the
Sunzha River, and in the middle mountains of the
Caucasus.[9]
The historian of the Caucasus S. M. Bronevsky described the borders of the Kist lands as follows:[10]
The Kist lands stretch from the right, or eastern, bank of the Terek, which lies opposite the Ossetians, to the left bank of the Aksai, along the northern slope of the Caucasus, occupying from south to north part of the high slate mountains at the foot of the snowy ridge, part of the calcareous ridge, and finally, the advanced mountains even up to foothills to hilly valleys. They border to the northwest on Minor Kabarda, separated by the Sunzha, and on a small part of the Kizlyar district, separated by the Terek; to the west with Ossetia, to the south with a high snowy ridge; to the east with Lezgistan and with the Aksaev Kumyks.
The historical area where the Kists lived was called "Kisteti", as well as "Kistia" or "Kistinia". The
Georgian prince, historian and geographer of the 18th century
Vakhushti Bagrationi quite definitely localizes it along the gorge of the
Armkhi river (the historical "
Kistinka"), that is, in mountainous
Ingushetia.[11][12][13] Kists, in a narrow sense, as one of the
Ingush societies, are noted in the "Review of the political state of the
Caucasus in 1840",[14] and in 1851 in the “Military Statistical Review of the
Russian Empire, published by the highest command at the 1st branch of the Department of the General headquarters".[15] The Kist society, as part of
Ingushetia, was part of the
Vladikavkaz district, the
Ossetian military district and the Ingush district.[16]
They bordered in the west with the
Dzherakhins, in the east with the Galgaevs, in the south with
Georgia, in the north the borders reached the
Tarskoye Valley. The Kist society was also synonymously called "Fyappinsky", after the name of its constituent ethno-territorial group - the
Fyappins (
Ingush: Фаьппий), and later, in the second half of the 19th century, it became known as "Metskhalsky", after the name of the principal village Metskhal.[17]
Kistin districts
Guldenstedt divided the Kistins into the following districts:[18]
^Zhdanov Yu.A. Encyclopedia of cultures of the peoples of the South of Russia: Peoples of the South of Russia. - Rostov-on-Don: North Caucasian Scientific Center of Higher Education (SKNTS VSh), 2005. - V. 1. - P. 148.
^Alexey Golovlev. Essays on Chechnya: nature, population, recent history. Vector-S, 2007 - p. 295
^Narrative land survey. Part II // The latest narrative earth-le description of all four parts of the world, as well as a statistical description of the Russian Empire, at the end of the image of the governor's uniforms. - 1795, Ch. XII - S. 107.
^Bronevsky Semyon Mikhailovich. The latest geographical and historical news about the Caucasus. - M: Type. S. Selivanovsky, 1823. - T. 2. - S. 151. - 310 p.
^Вахушти, Багратиони (1904). География Грузии / Введение, перевод и примечания М. Г. Джананашвили. — Тифлисъ: Типография К. П. Козловскаго.
^Харадзе, Робакидзе, Р.Л., А.И. (1968). К вопросу о нахской этнонимике // Кавказский этнографический сборник / Отв. ред. А. И. Робакидзе; Академия наук Грузинской ССР. — Тбилиси: Мецниереба. — Т. II. Очерки этнографии Горной Ингушетии.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^Курпнов, Е.И. (1971). Средневековая Ингушетия. — М.: Наука.
^ЦГВИА ф. ВУА, д. 6164, ч. 93, лл. 1-23 // Доклад о границах и территории Ингушетии (общие положения) / Общенациональная Комиссия по рассмотрению вопросов, связанных с определением территории и границ Ингушетии. — Архивные документы, иллюстрации и карты. Назрань. 2021.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^Кавказский край // Военно-статистическое обозрение Российской империи: издаваемое по высочайшему повелению при 1-м отделении Департамента Генерального штаба. — СПб.: Типография Департамента Генерального штаба. 1851.
^Список горских аулов Кубанской и Терской областей // Сборник статистических сведений о Кавказе / Сост. и ред. Н. И. Воронов, Кавказский отдел Императорского русского географического общества. — Тифлисъ: Типография Главного Управления Наместника Кавказского; типогрфия Меликова и К. 1869.
^Харадзе, Робакидзе, Р.Л., А.И. (1968). К вопросу о нахской этнонимике // Кавказский этнографический сборник / Отв. ред. А. И. Робакидзе; Академия наук Грузинской ССР. — Тбилиси: Мецниереба. — Т. II. Очерки этнографии Горной Ингушетии.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
Johann Gottfried Eichhorn. Geschichte der Litteratur, von ihrem Anfang bis auf die neuesten Zeiten (нем.). — Göttingen: Bey Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, 1807. — Bd. 6. — 678 S.
Johann Christoph Adelung. Mithridates, oder allgemeine Sprachenkunde mit dem Vater Unser als Sprachprobe in beynahe fünfhundert Sprachen und Mundarten (нем.). — Berlin: In der Vossischen Buchandlung, 1806. — 686 S.
Butkov P. G. Opinion about the book: Slavic antiquities // Three ancient treaties of the Russians with the Norwegians and the Swedes. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1837. — 398 p.
Caucasian Territory // Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire: published by the highest order at the 1st branch of the Department of the General Staff. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Department of the General Staff, 1851. — T. 16. Part 1. — 274 p.
Chulkov M.D., Zakharov A., Kolpashnikov A.Ya., Sablin N.Ya. Historical description of Russian commerce at all ports and borders from ancient times to the present and all the predominant legalizations on this sovereign, Emperor Peter the Great and now safely reigning Empress Empress Catherine the Great / M. D. Chulkov. - M .: University printing house at N. Novikov, 1785. - T. II. — 674 p.