Insulin aspart was approved for medical use in the United States in 2000.[17] In 2021, it was the 71st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9million prescriptions.[19][20] Manufacturing involves
yeast, which have had the
gene for insulin aspart put into their
genome.[21] This yeast then makes the insulin, which is harvested from the
bioreactor.[22]
Medical uses
Insulin aspart is
indicated to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes.[12][13]
Onset of action
The onset of action is approximately fifteen minutes, the peak action is reached in 45–90 minutes, and the duration is 3–5 hours.[13]
Side effects
The safety of insulin aspart in people with diabetes is no different from that of regular insulin. The side effects that are commonly associated with insulin therapy include: allergic reactions, injection site irritation, rashes, and
hypoglycemia.[23] The most common side effect is hypoglycemia. Long-term use of insulin, including insulin aspart, can cause
lipodystrophy at the site of repeated injections or infusion. To reduce the risk of lipodystrophy, rotate the injection sites within the same region. Weight gain can also occur with the use of insulin aspart and it has been attributed to anabolic effects of insulin and a decrease in
glucosuria. Use of insulin aspart has also been associated with sodium retention and
edema.[24]
Insulin aspart has a more rapid onset, and a shorter duration of activity than normal human insulin.[26] Insulin aspart can also be used with external
insulin pumps.[13]
Variations
NovoLog Mix 70/30 is a product which contains 30% insulin aspart and 70% insulin aspart protamine.[14] The insulin aspart protamine portion is a crystalline form of insulin aspart, which delays the action of the insulin, giving it a prolonged absorption profile after injection.[14] The combination of the fast-acting form and the long-acting form allows the patient to receive fewer injections over the course of the day.[27]
NovoLog Mix is marketed to be used with the
Novo Nordisk FlexPen.[28] The onset of action is less than 30 minutes, the peak action is reached in 1–4 hours, and the duration is less than 24 hours.[29] NovoLog Mix is marketed in some countries as NovoMix 30.[30][15]
A faster acting version of aspart insulin, known as fast-aspart (Fiasp) insulin, is associated with more efficient control of post-prandial rise in blood glucose, without increasing the risks of hypoglycemia and glycemic variability.[31][32][33]
Biosimilars
On 10 December 2020, the
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the
European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Kixelle, intended for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.[34] The applicant for this medicinal product is Mylan IRE Healthcare Limited. Kixelle was approved for medical use in the European Union in February 2021.[35] Kixelle was renamed to Kirsty.[1]
Trurapi was approved for medical use in Canada in October 2020.[36]
Truvelog and Truvelog Solostar were approved for medical use in Australia in October 2020.[3][7]
In October 2021, Kirsty was approved for medical use in Canada.[37]
On 24 February 2022, the
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the
European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Truvelog Mix 30, intended for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.[38] The applicant for this medicinal product is sanofi-aventis groupe.[38] It was approved for medical use in the European Union in April 2022.[16][39]
Society and culture
As of 2018[update], there is a lack of compelling evidence to conclude superiority of insulin aspart over human insulin in
type 2 DM.[40] It is thus unclear why the shifting of people from human insulin to insulin aspart has occurred.[41] In
type 1 DM it appears to result in slightly better blood sugar control.[42]
^Beals JM, DeFelippis MR, Kovach PM (2008). "Insulin". In Crommelin DJ, Sindelar RD, Meibohm B (eds.). Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. p. 265–280 (270).
ISBN978-1-4200-4437-9.
^
ab"Truvelog Mix 30: Pending EC decision". European Medicines Agency. 24 February 2022.
Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.