From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Order of insects
Hymenopterida is a
superorder of
holometabolous (metamorphosing)
insects . As originally circumscribed, it included
Hymenoptera and the orders in
Panorpida (
Mecoptera ,
Siphonaptera ,
Diptera ,
Trichoptera and
Lepidoptera ).
[1] However, more recent studies find Hympenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.
[2]
Evolution
The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a
clade of
Hymenoptera and the orders that comprise
Panorpida .
[3]
[4]
More recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within
Holometabola , with Hymenoptera as the earliest branching group.
[5]
References
^ Weaver J.S.I.
The Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family. Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University
^ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.
Evolution of the Insects . Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
^ Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian.
"Endopterygota Insects with complete metamorphosis" . Tree of Life . Retrieved 24 May 2016 .
^ Whiting, Michael F. (2005).
"Phylogenetic Position of Diptera: Review of the Evidence" . In Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian (eds.). The Evolutionary Biology of Flies . Columbia University Press. p. 5.
ISBN
978-0-231-50170-5 .
^ Kjer, Karl M.;
Simon, Chris ; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016).
"Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics" . Journal of the Royal Society Interface . 13 (121): 121.
doi :
10.1098/rsif.2016.0363 .
PMC
5014063 .
PMID
27558853 .
External links
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