It has been suggested that this article should be
split into articles titled
West Galindian language and
East Galindian language, because these two languages are unrelated and should not be grouped into one article. (
discuss) (September 2023) |
Galindan | |
---|---|
Galindian | |
Region | Northeastern Poland |
Extinct | 14th century AD [1] |
Indo-European
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
xgl |
xgl | |
Glottolog | None |
The term Galindian is sometimes ascribed to two separate Baltic languages, both of which were peripheral dialects:
There are three proposed etymologies for the denomination Galindian: [3]: 308–309
Based on the common name used for the two peoples by ancient authors, some scientists propose a common origin of the two peoples and languages. [3]: 309 [8] In order to prove this hypothesis, they investigate common features between Old Prussian/West Galindian and East Galindian. [3]: 309–310
West Galindian is the poorly attested extinct Baltic language of the Galindians previously spoken in what is today northeastern Poland and thought to have been a dialect of Old Prussian, [3]: 290 or a Western Baltic language similar to Old Prussian. [9] There are no extant writings in Galindian.
Labial |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pal. | |||||
Nasal | m | n | nʲ | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʲ | k | |
voiced | b | d | dʲ | dʒ | ɡ | |
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | ||
voiced | z | ʒ | ||||
Trill | r | rʲ | ||||
Approximant | l | lʲ | j |
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
High | i | iː | u | uː | ||
Mid | eː | oː | ||||
Mid-low | ɔ | |||||
Low | a | aː |
East Galindian is the poorly attested extinct Baltic language of the Balts living in the Protva Basin in present-day Russia. [3]: 307
Based on Baltic substratum and hydronomy in the Protva Basin, the following phonology can be reconstructed: [3]: 311–312 [10]
Labial |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pal. | |||||
Nasal | m | n | nʲ | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʲ | tʃ | k |
voiced | b | d | dʲ | ɡ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | |||
voiced | v | z | ʒ | |||
Trill | r | rʲ | ||||
Approximant | l | lʲ | j |
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
High | i | iː | u | uː | ||
Mid | eː | oː | ||||
Mid-low | ɛ | |||||
Low | a | aː |
There are some Russian words from the Portva Basin region suspected to be Baltisms: [3]: 312
Russian | Transliteration | Translation | Proposed Baltic cognates |
---|---|---|---|
алáня | alánja | 'beer' | Lithuanian: alìnas 'special type of beer', Lithuanian: alùs, Latvian: aliņš |
кромсáть | kromsát' | 'to break something into pieces' | Lithuanian: kramseti, Latvian: kramstīt |
нóрот | nórot | 'fishing gear' | Lithuanian: nérti, Latvian: nērt 'to sink' |
пикýлька | pikúl'ka | 'type of weed' | Lithuanian: pìkulė 'sisymbrium' |
Until 14th century.
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