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Extinct genus of sponges
Eiffelia is an extinct genus of
sponges known from the
Middle Cambrian
Burgess Shale as well as several
Early Cambrian
small shelly fossil deposits. It is named after
Eiffel Peak , which was itself named after the
Eiffel Tower . It was first described in 1920 by
Charles Doolittle Walcott .
[4] It belongs in the
Hexactinellid stem group.
[5] 60 specimens of Eiffelia are known from the Greater
Phyllopod bed , where they comprise 0.11% of the community.
[6]
Eiffelia generally have star-shaped six-rayed spicules, with rays diverging at 60°, occasionally with a seventh ray perpendicular to the other six.
Species
Two species are known:
Lenastella araniformis Missarzhevsky in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov, 1981
Lenastella aculeata Missarzhevsky in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov, 1981
Lenastella mucronata Missarzhevsky in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov, 1981
Lenastella umbonata Missarzhevsky in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov, 1981
Actinoites universalis Duan, 1984
Actinoites simplex Duan, 1984
Niphadus xihaopingensis Duan, 1984
Niphadus complanatus Duan, 1984
References
^ Botting, J. (2007). " 'Cambrian' demosponges in the Ordovician of Morocco: Insights into the early evolutionary history of sponges". Geobios . 40 (6): 737–748.
Bibcode :
2007Geobi..40..737B .
doi :
10.1016/j.geobios.2007.02.006 .
^ Skovsted, C. B. (2006). "Small Shelly Fauna from the Upper Lower Cambrian Bastion and Ella Island Formations, North-East Greenland".
Journal of Paleontology . 80 (6): 1087–1112.
doi :
10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[1087:SSFFTU]2.0.CO;2 .
S2CID
130024613 .
^ Wrona, R. (2004).
"Cambrian microfossils from glacial erratics of King George Island, Antarctica" (PDF) .
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . 49 (1): 13–56.
^ Walcott, C. D. (1920).
"Cambrian geology and paleontology IV:6—Middle Cambrian Spongiae" .
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections . 67 : 261–364.
^ Botting, J. P.; Butterfield, N. J.; Valentine, J. W. (2005).
"Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa, Walcott" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 102 (5): 1554–1559.
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0405867102 .
JSTOR
3374469 .
PMC
547825 .
PMID
15665105 .
^ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS . 21 (5): 451–65.
Bibcode :
2006Palai..21..451C .
doi :
10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R .
JSTOR
20173022 .
S2CID
53646959 .
^ Elicki, O. (2011).
"First skeletal microfauna from the Cambrian Series 3 of the Jordan Rift Valley (Middle East)" (PDF) .
Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists . 42 : 153–173.
External links