| Chokri | |
|---|---|
| Native to | India |
| Region | Nagaland |
| Ethnicity | Chakhesang Naga |
Native speakers | 111,062 (2011 census) [1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
nri |
| Glottolog |
chok1243 |
| ELP | Chokri Naga |
Chokri, (also known as Chakrü, Chakhesang and Eastern Angami) is one of three languages spoken by the Chakhesang Naga of Phek district, Nagaland state, India. [2] There are also some Chokri speakers residing in the Senapati District of Manipur. [2] In 1991, it was estimated that there were 20,000 native Chokri speakers. [3]
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar/ Retroflex | (
Alveolo-)
palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | lateral | ||||||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ( ɲ) | ( ŋ) | |||
| voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ||||||
|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡s | ( t͡ɕ) | k | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡sʰ | ( t͡ɕʰ) | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | d͡z | ( d͡ʑ) | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ( ɕ) | h | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ( ʑ) | ( ɣ) | ||||
| Liquid | voiceless | ɻ̊ | l̥ | |||||
| voiced | ɻ | l | ||||||
- /b/ is heard as a fricative [ β] when before /ɯ/.
- /p/ is heard as [ pf] when before /ɨ/.
- /m/ is heard as [ ɱ] when before high back vowels.
- /ts, tsʰ, dz/ is heard as [ tɕ, tɕʰ, dʑ], /s, z/ as [ ʑ, ɕ], and /n/ as [ ɲ], all occurring when before /i/.
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] between two high back vowels.
- /k, kʰ/ can also be heard as [ q, qʰ], /ɡ/ as [ ɣ], /ɻ/ as [ ɣ, ʁ], and /ɻ̊/ as [ χ] all occurring in free variation.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u | ɯ |
| Mid | e | o | ||
| Open | a | |||
- /ɨ/ is heard as [ ə] in unstressed position.
- Sounds /e, o/ can be heard as [ ɛ, ɔ] in free variation.
Script
The Chokri language is largely written in the Latin script. [4]
References
- ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ a b Chokri language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Bielenberg, Brian; Zhalie, Nienu (Fall 2001). "Chokri (Phek Dialect): Phonetics and Phonology" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 24 (2): 85–122. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
- ^ Sachdeva, Rajesh (2001). Language Education in Nagaland: Sociolinguistic Dimensions. Regency Publications. ISBN 9788187498339.
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