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The provinces of Nepal are governed by provincial governments which form the second level of governance in the country; after the federal government. The provincial governments are established, and their structure is defined by Part 13 of the Constitution of Nepal.
Each province has a unicameral provincial legislature, varying in size according to the population of the province. The members are elected through first-past-the-post voting and party-list proportional representation for a term of five years, unless dissolved sooner. The first provincial election was held in 2017.
The provincial assemblies are presided over by the Speaker who is elected from amongst the members of the assembly and is not a part of the debates. The speaker is helped by a Deputy Speaker who is also elected from amongst the members. At least one of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker must be a woman and they must not belong to the same party unless only one party is represented in the assembly. [1] Nanda Gurung is the first and only woman to be elected as the speaker of a provincial assembly. She is currently serving as the Speaker of Karnali Provincial Assembly having been elected in 2023. [2]
The governors of the provinces have the power to summon and prorogue the sessions of the assembly pursuant to the Constitution. The interval between two consecutive sessions of the assemblies cannot exceed six months. If one-fourth of the total members of an assembly make a petition during a prorogation or recess of the assembly, the governor must call a session or a meeting. [3]
Assembly | Meeting place | Seats | Speaker | Deputy Speaker | Term |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Koshi Province | Biratnagar, Morang | 93 | Vacation | Sirjana Danuwar | 2nd Assembly |
Madhesh Province | Janakpur, Dhanusha | 107 | Ram Chandra Mandal | Babita Devi Raut Ishar | 2nd Assembly |
Bagmati Province | Hetauda, Makwanpur | 110 | Bhuwan Kumar Pathak | Apsara Chapagai | 2nd Assembly |
Gandaki Province | Pokhara, Kaski | 60 | Krishna Prasad Dhital | Bina Kumari Thapa | 2nd Assembly |
Lumbini Province | Bhalubang, Dang | 87 | Tularam Gharti Magar | Menuka Khand K.C. | 2nd Assembly |
Karnali Province | Birendranagar, Surkhet | 40 | Nanda Gurung | Yashoda Neupane | 2nd Assembly |
Sudurpashchim Province | Godawari, Kailali | 53 | Bhim Bahadur Bhandari | Koili Devi Chaudhary | 2nd Assembly |
The executive power of a province is vested in the provincial cabinet. If a cabinet does not exist, the executive power is exercised by the governor of the province. [4]
The head of the provincial cabinet is the chief minister. The governor appoints the leader of the parliamentary party that commands a majority, either alone or with the support of one or more parties, in the provincial assembly as the chief minister. The governor appoints members to the provincial cabinet on the recommendation of the chief minister. The members of the provincial cabinet are responsible for the various departments of the provincial administration. A provincial cabinet can only consist of a maximum of 20% of the total number of members of the provincial assembly. [5] A non-member of a provincial assembly can be appointed as a minister in the cabinet, but must obtain membership of the assembly within six months of their appointment. [6]
The assembly can force the resignation of the chief minister with a vote of no confidence. [7]
Province | Chief Minister | Party | Took office | Cabinet | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Koshi | Kedar Karki | Congress | 7 July 2023 [8] | Karki | |
Madhesh | Saroj Kumar Yadav | PSP-N | 13 January 2023 [9] | Yadav | |
Bagmati | Shalikram Jamkattel | Maoist Centre | 10 January 2023 [10] | Jamkattel | |
Gandaki | Surendra Raj Pandey | Congress | 27 April 2023 [11] | Pandey | |
Lumbini | Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary | Congress | 27 April 2023 [12] | Chaudhary | |
Karnali | Raj Kumar Sharma | Maoist Centre | 12 January 2023 [13] | Sharma | |
Sudurpashchim | Kamal Bahadur Shah | Congress | 10 February 2023 [14] | Shah |
S.N. | Portfolio | Minister Constituency |
Political Party | Assumed office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | ||||||
1 |
Chief Minister All other ministries not allocated to anyone. |
Kedar Karki
[15] MPA for Morang 6(B) |
Congress | 15 October 2023 [16] | Incumbent | |
2 | Minister for Internal Affairs and Law |
Shamsher Rai MPA for Ilam 1(B) |
Congress | 15 October 2023 [15] | Incumbent | |
3 | Minister for Tourism, Forest, and Environment | Ganesh Upreti MPA for Morang 2(A) |
Maoist Centre | 3 November 2023 [17] | Incumbent | |
4 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development |
Kamal Prasad Jabegu MPA for Panchthar 1(A) |
Unified Socialist | 3 November 2023 [18] | Incumbent |
S.N. | Portfolio | Holder | Party | Constituency | Took office | Took office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | |||||||
1 | Chief Minister | Saroj Kumar Yadav | PSP-N | Bara 1 (B) | 13 January 2023 [19] | ||
2 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development | Krishna Prasad Yadav | Nepali Congress | Rautahat 1 (B) | 23 May 2023 [20] | ||
3 | Minister for Finance | Sanjay Kumar Yadav | PSP-N | Sarlahi 3 (B) | 13 January 2023 [19] | ||
4 | Minister for Education and Social Welfare | Mahesh Prasad Yadav | Janamat | Saptari 2 (B) | 13 January 2023 [19] | ||
5 | Minister for Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives | Govinda Bahadur Neupane | CPN (Unified Socilaist) | Saptari 4 (A) | 23 May 2023 [20] | ||
6 | Minister without portfolio | Surita Kumari Sah | PSP-N | Mahottari 2 (B) | 13 January 2023 [19] | ||
7 | Minister for Health and Population | Birendra Prasad Singh | Nepali Congress | Sarlahi 4 (A) | 23 May 2023 [20] | ||
8 | Minister for Energy, Irrigation and Water Resources | Singhasan Sah Kalwar | PSP-N | Parsa 4 (B) | 13 January 2023 [19] | ||
9 | Minister for Forest and Environment | Ramesh Prasad Kurmi | Loktantrik Samajwadi | Parsa 2(B) | 25 May 2023 [21] | ||
10 | Minister for Home Affairs, Communication and Law | Mohammad Samim | Nepali Congress | Saptari 3 (A) | 31 July 2023 [22] | ||
11 | Minister for Industry, Commerce and Tourism | Sunita Yadav | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 7 February 2023 [23] | |||
12 | Minister for Labour and Transport | Chandan Kumar Singh | Janamat | 31 July 2023 [22] | |||
State ministers | |||||||
13 | Minister of State for Health and Population | Sheikh Abul Kalam Azad | PSP-N | Rautahat 4 (B) | 13 January 2023 [19] | ||
14 | Minister of State for Industry, Commerce and Tourism | Rahbar Ansari | CPN (Maoist Centre) | Parsa 1 (A) | 7 February 2023 [23] |
S.N. | Portfolio | Name | Party | Took office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | |||||
1 | Chief Minister | Shalikram Jamkattel | Maoist Centre | 10 January 2023 [24] | |
2 | Minister for Economic Affairs and Planning | Bahadur Singh Lama | Congress | 9 April 2023 [25] | |
3 | Minister for Internal Affairs and Law | Ganga Narayan Shrestha | NSP | 25 January 2023 [26] | |
4 | Minister for Social Development | Kumari Moktan | Maoist Centre | 25 January 2023 [26] | |
5 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development | Yuvaraj Dulal | Maoist Centre | 25 January 2023 [26] | |
6 | Minister for Drinking Water, Energy and Irrigation | Tirtha Bahadur Lama | Congress | 9 April 2023 [25] | |
7 | Minister without portfolio | Ramkrishna Chitrakar | Congress | 21 May 2023 [27] | |
8 | Minister for Agriculture and Livestock Development | Rajendra Man Shrestha | Unified Socialist | 21 May 2023 [27] | |
9 | Minister for Labour, Employment and Transportation | Laxman Lamsal | Unified Socialist | 21 May 2023 [27] | |
10 | Minister for Tourism, Industry and Co-operatives | Pukar Maharjan | Congress | 21 May 2023 [27] | |
11 | Minister for Health | Uttam Joshi | Congress | 21 May 2023 [27] | |
12 | Minister for Forest and Environment | Masina Khadka | Congress | 21 May 2023 [27] |
S.N. | Portfolio | Holder | Party | Took office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | |||||
1 | Chief Minister | Surendra Raj Pandey | Congress | 28 April 2023 [28] [29] | |
2 | Minister for Social Development and Health | Sushila Simkhada | Maoist Centre | 28 April 2023 [28] [29] | |
3 | Minister for Energy, Water Resources and Drinking Water | Saraswati Aryal | Congress | 28 April 2023 [28] [29] | |
4 | Minister for Agriculture and Land Management | Mahendra Dhoj G.C. | Congress | 12 May 2023 [30] | |
5 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development and Transport | Resham Bahadur Jugjali | Maoist Centre | 12 May 2023 [30] | |
6 | Minister for Economic Affairs | Jit Prakash Ale Magar | Congress | 12 May 2023 [30] | |
7 | Minister for Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment | Dipendra Bahadur Thapa | Congress | 12 May 2023 [30] |
S.N. | Portfolio | Holder | Party | Took office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | |||||
1 | Chief Minister | Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary | Congress | 27 April 2023 [12] | |
2 | Minister for Economic Affairs | Dhan Bahadur Maskey | Maoist Centre | 27 April 2023 [12] | |
3 | Minister for Health | Raju Khanal | Congress | 22 May 2023 [31] | |
4 | Minister for Interior Affairs, Law and Co-operatives | Santosh Kumar Pandeya | Loktantrik Samajwadi | 27 April 2023 [12] | |
5 | Minister for Agriculture and Land Management | Bhandari Lal Ahir | PSP-N | 22 May 2023 [31] | |
6 | Minister for Social Development | Chandrakesh Gupta | Janamat | 22 May 2023 [31] | |
7 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development | Dharma Bahadur Chaudhary | Nagrik Unmukti | 27 April 2023 [12] | |
8 | Minister for Water Supply, Rural and Urban Development | Congress | |||
9 | Minister for Forests and Environment | ||||
10 | Minister for Industry, Tourism and Transport Management |
S.N. | Portfolio | Holder | Party | Took office | Left office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | ||||||
1 | Office of the Chief Minister | Yam Lal Kandel | CPN (UML) | 10 April 2024 | Incumbent | |
Minister for Interior Affairs and Law | 10 April 2024 | Incumbent | ||||
Minister for Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives | 10 April 2024 | Incumbent | ||||
2 | Minister for Economic Affairs | Mahendra KC | Maoist Centre | Incumbent | ||
3 | Minister for Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment | Maoist Centre | 'Incumbent | |||
4 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development | Sher Bahadur Budha | CPN (UML) | Incumbent | ||
5 | Minister for Energy, Water Resource and Irrigation | Ransingh Pariyar | Maoist Centre | 24 April 2024 | Incumbent | |
6 | Minister for Social Development | Bir Bahadur Shahi | Maoist Centre | 'Incumbent |
S.N. | Portfolio | Name | Party | Took office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabinet ministers | |||||
1 | Chief Minister | Kamal Bahadur Shah | Congress | 10 February 2023 [32] | |
2 | Minister for Physical Infrastructure Development | Prakash Bahadur Deuba | Congress | 10 February 2023 [32] | |
3 | Minister for Economic Affairs | Naresh Shahi | Unified Socialist | 10 February 2023 [32] | |
4 | Minister for Interior Affairs and Law | Prithvi Bahadur Singh | Congress | 20 May 2023 [1] | |
5 | Minister for Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives | Nagrik Unmukti | |||
6 | Minister for Social Development | Jhapat Saud | Maoist Centre | 20 May 2023 [1] | |
7 | Minister for Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment | Ramesh Singh Dhami | Maoist Centre | 20 May 2023 [1] |
The former appellate courts were changed into High Courts after the adoption of the new constitution. [33]
Additional Benches and Extended Benches of Nepal
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