From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of insects
The Berothidae are a
family of
winged insects of the
order
Neuroptera . They are known commonly as the beaded lacewings .
[1] The family was first named by
Anton Handlirsch in 1906.
[2] The family consists of 24 genera and 110 living species distributed discontinuously worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions.
[3] Numerous extinct species have also been described. Their ecology is poorly known, but in the species where larval stages have been documented, the larvae are predators of
termites .
[4]
Typical posture in life
A considerable fossil diversity of beaded lacewings is known from the
Late Jurassic onwards, containing numerous genera which are likewise
basal or
incertae sedis .
Subfamily
Berothimerobiinae
Subfamily
Berothinae
Asadeteva Aspöck & Aspöck, 1981
Barrowiella Smithers, 1984
Berlekrumyia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1988
Berotha Walker, 1860
†
Elektroberotha Makarkin & Ohl 2015
Eocene (
Lutetian );
Baltic amber , northern Europe
Isoscelipteron Costa, 1863
Lekrugeria Navás, 1929
Lomamyia Banks, 1904
Nodalla Navás, 1926
Podallea Navás, 1936
Quasispermophorella Aspöck & Aspöck, 1986
Spermophorella Tillyard, 1916
Spiroberotha Adams, 1990
Stenobiella Tillyard, 1916
†
Xenoberotha Makarkin 2017
Green River Formation , United States, Eocene
Subfamily
Cyrenoberothinae
[5]
†
Aggregataberotha Wang et al. , 2023 (Cenomanian, Burmese amber, Myanmar)
†
Araripeberotha Martins-Neto & Vulcano 1990 Cretaceous (
Aptian );
Crato Formation , Brazil
†
Caririberotha Martins-Neto & Vulcano 1990 Cretaceous (
Aptian );
Crato Formation , Brazil
Cyrenoberotha MacLeod & Adams, 1968
Manselliberotha Aspöck & Aspöck, 1988
†
Microberotha Archibald & Makarkin 2004 (Eocene (
Ypresian ),
Hat Creek amber , Canada)
[2]
Ormiscocerus Blanchard, 1851
†
Protoberotha Huang et al. , 2019 (Cenomanian, Burmese amber, Myanmar)
[6]
†
Sibelliberotha Azar & Nel 2013 (Barremian, Lebanese amber)
Speleoberotha Machado et al. , 2022
[5]
Subfamily †
Mesithoninae Panfilov, 1980
Subfamily
Nosybinae
Subfamily
Nyrminae
Subfamily
Protobiellinae
Subfamily
Trichomatinae
Subfamily
Incertae sedis
†
Ansoberotha Yang et al. , 2019 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Berothone Khramov 2015 Callovian/Oxfordian; Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan
†
Cantabroberotha Pérez-de la Fuente et al. , 2021 Cretaceous (
Albian );
Spanish amber , Spain
†
Cornoberotha Yang et al. , 2019 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Dasyberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Epimesoberotha Jepson et al. , 2012 Cretaceous (
Berriasian );
Lulworth Formation , United Kingdom
†
Ethiroberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Haploberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Iceloberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Jersiberotha Grimaldi 2000 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar; Cretaceous (
Turonian );
New Jersey amber , United States
†
Krokhathone Khramov 2015 Jurassic (
Callovian /
Oxfordian );
Karabastau Formation , Kazakhstan
†
Maculaberotha Yuan et al. , 2016 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Magniberotha Yuan et al. , 2016 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Nascimberotha Grimaldi 2000 Turonian; New Jersey amber, United States
†
Plesiorobius Klimaszewski & Kevan, 1986 Cretaceous (Campanian);
Canadian amber , Canada; Campanian; Taymyr amber, Russia; Cenomanian, unknown formation, Russia
†
Proberotha Krüger, 1923 Lutetian, Baltic Amber, northern Europe
†
Osmyloberotha Khramov 2021 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Sinosmylites Hong 1983
Daohugou ,
Haifanggou Formation , China, Callovian, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian,
Ulaan-Ereg Formation , Mongolia, Late Jurassic (
Tithonian )
†
Systenoberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Telistoberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Xiaoberotha Shi et al. , 2019 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
Subfamily
Paraberothinae (now included in Rhachiberothidae)
†
Acanthoberotha Nakamine et al. , 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Alboberotha Nel et al. , 2005 Cretaceous (Albian);
Charentense amber , France
†
Astioberotha Nakamine et al. , 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Chimerhachiberotha Nel et al. , 2005 Barremian; Lebanese amber, Lebanon
†
Creagroparaberotha Makarkin, 2015 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Eorhachiberotha Engel, 2004 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Kujiberotha Nakamine & Yamamoto, 2018 Cretaceous (
Santonian );
Kuji amber , Japan
†
Micromantispa Shi et al ., 2015 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Paraberotha Whalley, 1980 Barremian; Lebanese amber, Lebanon
†
Pseudosisyra Makarkin, 1999 Aptian; Zaza Formation, Russia
†
Raptorapax Petrulevicius et al ., 2010 Barremian; Lebanese amber, Lebanon
†
Retinoberotha Schlüter, 1978 Cenomanian;
Bezonnais amber , France,
†
Rhachibermissa Grimaldi, 2000 Turonian; New Jersey amber, United States
†
Scoloberotha Engel & Grimaldi, 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Spinoberotha Nel et al ., 2005 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Stygioberotha Nakamine et al, 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
†
Uranoberotha Nakamine et al, 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
^ Winterton, Shaun L. (2010).
"A new species of Stenobiella Tillyard (Neuroptera, Berothidae) from Australia" .
ZooKeys (64): 1–8.
doi :
10.3897/zookeys.64.403 .
PMC
3088400 .
PMID
21594021 .
^
a
b Archibald, S.B.; Makarkin, V.N. (2004). "New genus of minute Berothidae (Neuroptera) from Early Eocene amber of British Columbia". The Canadian Entomologist . 136 (1): 61–76.
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.552.2285 .
doi :
10.4039/n03-043 .
S2CID
36459014 .
^ Aspöck, Ulrike; Randolf, Susanne (2 December 2014).
"Beaded lacewings – a pictorial identification key to the genera, their biogeographics and a phylogentic analysis (Insecta: Neuroptera: Berothidae)" . Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift . 61 (2): 155–172.
doi :
10.3897/dez.61.8850 – via
Pensoft .
^ Engel, Michael S.; Winterton, Shaun L.; Breitkreuz, Laura C. V. (2018-01-07).
"Phylogeny and Evolution of Neuropterida: Where Have Wings of Lace Taken Us?" . Annual Review of Entomology . 63 : 531–551.
doi :
10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043127 .
ISSN
1545-4487 .
PMID
29324039 .
^
a
b Machado, R. J. P.; Martins, C. C.; Aspöck, H.; De Miranda Tavares, L. G.; Aspöck, U. (2022). "The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 195 (4): 1422–1444.
doi :
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104 .
^ Huang, S.; Ren, D.; Wang, Y. (2019).
"A new basal beaded lacewing (Neuroptera: Berothidae) from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber" . Cretaceous Research . 95 : 1–7.
doi :
10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.025 .