In 1908, a split occurred in the competition of ice hockey in Canada. The top amateur teams left the
Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, which allowed professionals, to form the new
Inter-Provincial Amateur Hockey Union (IPAHU), a purely amateur league. The trustees of the
Stanley Cup decided that the Cup would be awarded to the professional ice champion, meaning there was no corresponding trophy for the amateur championship of Canada. The Allan Cup was donated in early 1909 by Montreal businessman and Montreal Amateur Athletic Association president Sir
H. Montagu Allan to be presented to the amateur champions of Canada. It was to be ruled like the Stanley Cup had, passed by champion to champion by league championship or challenge.[1][2] Three trustees were named to administer the trophy: Sir Edward Clouston, President of the
Bank of Montreal, Dr. H. B. Yates of
McGill University, (donor of the
Yates Cup to the Intercollegiate Rugby Union in 1898) and
Graham Drinkwater, four-time Stanley Cup champion.[citation needed]
The trophy was originally presented to the
Victoria Hockey Club of
Montreal, Quebec, members of the IPAHU, to award to the champions of the IPAHU.[2] The first IPAHU champion, and by extension, first winner of the Cup was the
Ottawa Cliffsides hockey club. After the season, the Cliffsides were defeated in the first-ever challenge by the
Queen's University hockey club of
Kingston, Ontario.[citation needed]
In the early years, trustees of the Cup quickly came to appreciate the difficulties of organizing a national competition in so large a country. In 1914, at the suggestion of one of the trustees,
Claude C. Robinson, the
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) was formed as a national governing body for the sport with
W. F. Taylor as its first president.[3][4] One of the CAHA's first decisions, in 1915, was to replace the challenge system with a series of national playoffs. Starting in 1920, the Allan Cup champion team would represent Canada in amateur play at the Olympics and World Championships. The CAHA used the profits from Allan Cup games as a subsidy for the national team.[5] Competition for the cup was originally a one-game format, then a two-game total goals format. In 1925, CAHA leaders
Silver Quilty and
Frank Sandercock, changed the format to a best-of-three series due to increased popularity of the games and demand for a longer series.[6][7]
At the CAHA general meeting in March 1927,
W. A. Fry requested to have the CAHA take control of the Allan Cup and its profits from the trustees, and use the funds to build amateur hockey in Canada. He felt the move justified as the CAHA had evolved and was able to manage its own affairs. His motion asked for H. Montagu Allan to donate the cup to the CAHA, and establish an Allan Cup committee which included trustee
William Northey.[8][9]
In February 1945, CAHA president
Frank Sargent announced the cancellation of the 1945 Allan Cup playoffs. It was the first season in which the trophy was not contested since the inaugural
1909 Allan Cup.[10] The cancellation was caused by the reluctance to travel during wartime conditions, and the players' need to work rather than playing hockey.[11]
In 1951, the CAHA set up a "major league" of competition from the semi-pro and professional senior leagues. The leagues would no longer compete for the Allan Cup, but would compete for the new
Alexander Cup. The Allan Cup would be competed for on a more purely amateur basis from teams in smaller centres of Canada. The major league concept broke up by 1953, and the Alexander Cup competition was retired after 1954.[citation needed]
Since 1984 the Allan Cup has been competed for by teams in the Senior AAA category. Although interest in senior ice hockey has diminished over its history, the Cup retains an important place in Canadian ice hockey.[13] The Cup championship is determined in an annual tournament held in the city or town of a host team, playing off against regional champions.[citation needed]
The Cup has been won by teams from every province and from
Yukon, as well as by two teams from the
United States which played in Canadian leagues. The city with the most Allan Cup championships is
Thunder Bay with 10, including four won as
Port Arthur before the city's amalgamation. The original Cup has been retired to the
Hockey Hall of Fame, and a replica is presented to the champions.[14]
Allan Cup championships
Challenges
Listed are all of the challenges of the early years of the Allan Cup, bolded are the final winner of the season.