Place in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Zakroczym (
[zaˈkrɔt͡ʂɨm] ;
Yiddish : זאקראטשין Zakrotshin ) is a small town in the
Masovian Voivodeship ,
Poland . It is located at around
52°26′16″N 20°36′43″E / 52.43778°N 20.61194°E / 52.43778; 20.61194 . The
Vistula River flows through the town. Zakroczym has a long and rich history: in the
Kingdom of Poland and the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , it was the capital of an administrative unit (
ziemia ), part of
Mazovian Voivodeship . Also, Zakroczym was a royal town of the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland . The town lies at the intersection of two main roads - national road 62, and
national road 7 .
Name
The name of Zakroczym comes from ancient Polish word zakrot , which means river crossing. Originally, the town was located closer to the
Vistula river, and was called Kroczym or Kroczyn. Due to numerous floods, Zakroczym was moved to a higher location.
History
c. 1155 – first mention of the
gord and settlement of Zakroczym, property of Benedictine Monastery from
Mogilno ,
8 June 1335 –
Mazovian dukes Siemowit II and Trojden I renew here truce with Grand Master of the
Teutonic Knights ,
Dietrich von Altenburg ,
1374 – Zakroczym becomes capital of a
land , part of
Masovian Voivodeship , and remains so until 1795,
1422 – Duke of Mazovia
Janusz I of Warsaw grant town charter to Zakroczym,
1656–1657 – Zakroczym is occupied by Swedish forces (see
Swedish invasion of Poland ). The town is partially destroyed,
1709 – Zakroczym is burned by Swedish troops during the
Great Northern War ,
1757 – construction of a monastery
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin begins,
1793 – the town is seized by the Russians,
1795 – Zakroczym becomes part of the
Kingdom of Prussia in the
Third Partition of Poland ,
1806 –
French forces cross the Vistula near Zakroczym, before the
Battle of Pułtusk ,
1807 – Zakroczym becomes part of the Polish
Duchy of Warsaw ,
1815 – Zakroczym becomes part of
Congress Poland ,
1831 – after Russian capture of Warsaw, meetings of Polish government and
Sejm take place at the monastery,
1883-1888 – construction of Fort 1 Zakroczym, first ring of fortifications of the
Modlin Fortress ,
20 August 1915 – Russian garrison of the fortress capitulates to Germans,
1918 – Poland regains independence after
World War I , Zakroczym restored to Poland,
10–28 September 1939 –
Battle of Modlin between Poland and Germany during the German-Soviet
invasion of Poland , which started
World War II ,
28 September 1939 –
Massacre in Zakroczym ,
Wehrmacht soldiers kill around 600
Polish civilians and
prisoners of war by firing squad,
December 1939 – local Polish parish priest Antoni Więckowski deported by the Germans to the
Soldau concentration camp and murdered there,
[1]
January 1940 – 40 Poles from Zakroczym, including pre-way mayor Tadeusz Henzlich, murdered by the Germans in the
Palmiry massacre ,
[2]
November 1941 – Last remaining
Jews deported by the German Nazis to the
ghetto at
Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki ,
1944 – Germans create a transit camp for 30,000 residents of Warsaw, deported from the city after the
Warsaw Uprising ,
1945 – end of
German occupation and
World War II , as a result of which 78% of the town is destroyed.
Sights
Baroque Saint Lawrence church
Gothic -
Renaissance Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (15th or 16th century), rebuilt after World War II in 1949. In its northern and southern walls there are Swedish cannonballs,
Baroque Capuchin monastery and church of Saint Lawrence,
a monument dedicated to insurgents of
1830 and
1863 , and to victims of the war,
castle hill, with a 19th-century manor house, built on 15th-century foundations. Original manor house was built before 1422 by Mazovian dukes,
traces of an 11th-century
gord , located northeast of town, on a high bank of the Vistula. The gord, first mentioned in 1065, was burned in late 13th century, and later rebuilt.
Fort Nr. 1 Zakroczym (1883–1888).
Transport
The
Expressway S7 and
National road 62 run through the town, and the
Warsaw Modlin Airport is located just east of the town.
Cuisine
The Zakroczym area is one of the places of
cherry cultivation in Poland, which is one of the
world's main cherry producers . Cherry products such as podchmielone wisienki zakroczymskie (cherries covered with
syrup and spirit) and konfitura wiśniowa zakroczymska (a local type of traditional Polish cherry
jam ) are officially protected
traditional foods of Zakroczym, as designated by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland .
[3]
[4]
References
^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa:
IPN . p. 228.
^ Wardzyńska, p. 244
^
"Podchmielone wisienki zakroczymskie" . Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 July 2021 .
^
"Konfitura wiśniowa zakroczymska" . Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 July 2021 .
External links