The Yaushev family (Russian: Яушевы,
Tatar: Яушевлар, romanized: Yawşevlar) was a
Volga Tatar noble family, that became incorporated into the
Russian nobility.
Early history
The family is a branch of the
Ar begs aristocratic clan and descents from
Yaush (Russian: Яуш), a nobleman mentioned in chronicles related to the
Siege of Kazan in 1552.[1] Descendants of Yaush were
Serving Tatars in Russia and were granted Russian noble title and land by
Ivan the Terrible. Under
Peter the Great the Yaushev family was stripped of nobility for the refusal to convert from
Islam to the
Russian Orthodox Church. In the subsequent decades, parts of the family restored their title.
Merchant family
Mullagali Yaushev, member of the Yaushev merchant dynasty
A branch of the larger Yaushev clan became a prominent merchant family in the 19th and early 20th century by trading between Russia and Central Asia. The merchant dynasty was founded in
Troitsk in the early 19th century by Gaisa Yaushev (1790–1870). It was later represented by his son Akhmedzhan Yaushev (1818–1875) and gained the largest influence under his grandsons
Abdulvali Yaushev (1840–1906) and
Mullagali Yaushev (1864–1927). The family firm was known as the Trading House of the Yaushev Brothers (Russian: Торговый дом братьев Яушевых) in the early 20th century.[2]
The Yaushev merchant family owned stores and trading arcades ("passages") in the
Southern Ural (
Troitsk,
Chelyabinsk,
Kustanay) and Central Asia (
Tashkent), as well as cotton, tea, soap and leather manufactures in what now are Russia and Uzbekistan.[3][4][5]
The Yaushevs were sponsors and active members of the
liberal Muslim movement in Russia,
Jadidism. They financed several Islamic modernist schools and mosques, such as the White Mosque in
Kustanay.[6]
After the
October Revolution, the property of the Yaushev merchant family was nationalized by the bolsheviks. The family went into exile to Japan, China, the United States and Western Europe. Some members of the family later returned to
Soviet Russia.[2]
Architecture related to the Yaushev merchant family
Yaushev trading arcade in
Troitsk, built in 1908-1911
Yaushev trading arcade in
Chelyabinsk, built in 1912-1913
Zaynulla Rasulev Mosque in Troitsk, construction was financed in 1863-1864 by Gaisa Yaushev
Gataulla Mulla Mosque in Troitsk, construction was financed in 1894–1895 by Abdulvali Yaushev
A different branch of the Yaushev family became religious leaders in what is now northern
Kazakhstan in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century.
Gabdelbari Yaushev (1814—1894) and his son
Gabdelvagap Yaushev (1859—1924) were
imams and
akhoonds in the city of
Petropavlovsk and trustees of the mosque of the
Irbit Fair. The family remained in Russia after the revolution and maintained its role as religious leaders in Petropavlovsk during the first years of the Soviet regime.[8][9]
Descendants
The Soviet journalist
Farid Seiful-Mulyukov was the grandson of the last head of the Yaushev merchant family, Mullagali Yaushev.[10][11]
Mukhamedzhan Seralin,
Kazakh journalist, founder of the first
magazine in Kazakh language,
Ay Qap, was a descendand of the Yaushev merchant family from his mother's side. The magazine was initially also sponsored by the Yaushev family.[14]
Sources
Чайчиц А. Купцы Яушевы. Семейная история. Казань: Татарское книжное издательство, 2020 [Čaičics, A. The Yaushev Merchants: a Family History. Kazan:
Tatar Book Publishers, 2020].
References
^ЕПАНЧА (ЯПАНЧА) – Марийская история в лицах [Yepancha (Yapancha) – History of the Mari people in faces]
^
abДенисов Д. Н. Очерки по истории мусульманских общин Челябинского края (XVIII – начало XX в.) – М: Марджани, 2011 [Essays on the history of Muslim communities in the Chelyabinsk Region, by Denis Denisov, 2011]
^Пассажу Яушевых – 100 лет! [100 years of the Yaushev arcade] – Official website of the Chelyabinsk state museum of fine arts