Streptomyces isolates have yielded the majority of human, animal, and agricultural antibiotics, as well as a number of fundamental chemotherapy medicines. Streptomyces is the largest
antibiotic-producing genus of
Actinomycetota, producing chemotherapy, antibacterial,
antifungal, antiparasitic drugs, and
immunosuppressants.[1]Streptomyces isolates are typically initiated with the aerial
hyphal formation from the
mycelium.[2]
Most clinical antibiotics were found during the "golden age of antibiotics" (1940s–1960s).
Actinomycin was the first antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces in 1940, followed by
streptomycin three years later. Antibiotics from Streptomyces isolates (including various
aminoglycosides) would go on to comprise over two-thirds of all marketed antibiotics.[citation needed]
Traditionally, Escherichia coli is the choice bacterium to express
eukaryotic and
recombinant genes. E. coli is well understood and has a successful track record producing
insulin, the
artemisinin precursor artemisinic acid, and
filgrastim (Neupogen).[16][17] However, use of E. coli has limitations including misfolding of eukaryotic proteins, insolubility issues, deposition in inclusion bodies,[18] low secretion efficiency, secretion to periplasmic space.
Streptomyces offers potential advantages including superior secretion mechanisms, higher yields, a simpler end-product purification process, making Streptomyces an attractive alternative to E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.[18]
A recent screening of
TCM extracts revealed a Streptomyces that produces a number of antitubercular
pluramycins.[22] Wailupemycins are bio-active
pyrones isolated from marine Streptomyces.[23]
^Woodyer RD, Shao Z, Thomas PM, et al. (November 2006). "Heterologous production of fosfomycin and identification of the minimal biosynthetic gene cluster". Chemistry & Biology. 13 (11): 1171–82.
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^Peschke U, Schmidt H, Zhang HZ, Piepersberg W (1995). "Molecular characterization of the lincomycin-production gene cluster of Streptomyces lincolnensis 78-11". Molecular Microbiology. 16 (6): 1137–56.
doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02338.x.
PMID8577249.
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^Kim HY, Kim JD, Hong JS, Ham JH, Kim BS (2013). "Identification of antifungal niphimycin from Streptomyces sp. KP6107 by screening based on adenylate kinase assay". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 53 (7): 581–9.
doi:
10.1002/jobm.201200045.
PMID22915202.
S2CID7724547.
^Brawner M, Poste G, Rosenberg M, Westpheling J (1991). "Streptomyces: a host for heterologous gene expression". Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2 (5): 674–81.
doi:
10.1016/0958-1669(91)90033-2.
PMID1367716.
^Payne G, DelaCruz N, Coppella S (1990). "Improved production of heterologous protein from Streptomyces lividans". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 33 (4): 395–400.
doi:
10.1007/BF00176653.
PMID1369282.
S2CID19287805.
^
abBinnie C, Cossar J, Stewart D (1997). "Heterologous biopharmaceutical protein expression in Streptomyces". Trends Biotechnol. 15 (8): 315–20.
doi:
10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01062-7.
PMID9263479.
^Liu M, Abdel-Mageed WM, Ren B, He W, Huang P, Li X, et al. (2014). "Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Y3111 from traditional Chinese medicine produced antitubercular pluramycins". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 98 (3): 1077–85.
doi:
10.1007/s00253-013-5335-6.
PMID24190497.
S2CID15866711.
^Kalaitzis JA (2013). "Discovery, Biosynthesis, and Rational Engineering of Novel Enterocin and Wailupemycin Polyketide Analogues". Metabolomics Tools for Natural Product Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1055. pp. 171–189.
doi:
10.1007/978-1-62703-577-4_13.
ISBN978-1-62703-576-7.
PMID23963911.
^Schneemann I, Kajahn I, Ohlendorf B, Zinecker H, Erhard A, Nagel K, Wiese J, Imhoff JF (2010). "Mayamycin, a cytotoxic polyketide from a Streptomyces strain isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea". Journal of Natural Products. 73 (7): 1309–12.
doi:
10.1021/np100135b.
PMID20545334.