Veratrum californicum | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Liliales |
Family: | Melanthiaceae |
Genus: | Veratrum |
Species: | V. californicum
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Binomial name | |
Veratrum californicum |
Veratrum californicum (California corn lily, white or California false hellebore) is an extremely poisonous plant [1] native to western North America, including the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, as far north as Washington and as far south as Durango; depending on latitude, it grows from near sea level to as high as 11,000 feet. [2] [3] It grows 1 to 2 meters tall, with an erect, unbranched, heavily leafy stem resembling a cornstalk. [4] It prefers quite moist soil, and can cover large areas in dense stands near streams or in wet meadows. Many inch-wide flowers cluster along the often-branched top of the stout stem; they have 6 white tepals, a green center, 6 stamens, and a 3-branched pistil (see image below). The buds are tight green spheres. The heavily veined, bright green leaves can be more than a foot long. [3]
Veratrum californicum displays mast seeding; populations bloom and seed little in most years, but in occasional years bloom and seed heavily in synchrony. [5] The species usually blooms during midsummer from July to August. [6]
It is a source of jervine, muldamine and cyclopamine, teratogens which can cause prolonged gestation associated with birth defects [7] such as holoprosencephaly and cyclopia in animals such as sheep, [1] horses, and other mammals that graze upon it. These substances inhibit the hedgehog signaling pathway. [8]