Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), also known as TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) and TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), is
protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF15gene. VEGI is an
anti-angiogenic protein.[5] It belongs to
tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, where it is member 15.[6] It is the sole known ligand for
death receptor 3,[7] and it can also be recognized by
decoy receptor 3.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in
endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either
B or
T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by
TNF-alpha and
IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor
TNFRSF25 (death receptor 3) and TNFRSF6B (decoy receptor 3). It can activate both the
NF-κB and
MAPK signalling pathways, and acts as an
autocrine factor to induce
apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an
angiogenesis inhibitor. An additional isoform encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript variant has been reported but the sequence of this transcript has not been determined.[6]
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10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00509-x.
PMID9434163.
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doi:
10.1038/sj.onc.1203059.
PMID10597252.
S2CID7013492.
Prehn JL, Mehdizadeh S, Landers CJ, Luo X, Cha SC, Wei P, Targan SR (Jul 2004). "Potential role for TL1A, the new TNF-family member and potent costimulator of IFN-gamma, in mucosal inflammation". Clinical Immunology. 112 (1): 66–77.
doi:
10.1016/j.clim.2004.02.007.
PMID15207783.
Kang YJ, Kim WJ, Bae HU, Kim DI, Park YB, Park JE, Kwon BS, Lee WH (Mar 2005). "Involvement of TL1A and DR3 in induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in atherogenesis". Cytokine. 29 (5): 229–35.
doi:
10.1016/j.cyto.2004.12.001.
PMID15760679.
Jin T, Guo F, Kim S, Howard A, Zhang YZ (Dec 2007). "X-ray crystal structure of TNF ligand family member TL1A at 2.1A". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 364 (1): 1–6.
doi:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.097.
PMID17935696.